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University of Groningen

Disturbed vitamin A metabolism in chronic liver disease and relevance for therapy

Saeed, Ali

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below.

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Publication date: 2019

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

Saeed, A. (2019). Disturbed vitamin A metabolism in chronic liver disease and relevance for therapy. University of Groningen.

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Disturbed vitamin A metabolism in chronic

liver disease and relevance for therapy

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This work was supported by the Graduate School of Medical Sciences (GSMS), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. This work was also supported by Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan and Higher education commission of Pakistan under Yousuf Raza Gilani faculty development Ph.D. scholarships.

The printing of this thesis was financially supported by the following organizations:

Groningen University Institute for Drug Explorations

Nederlandse vereniging voor Hepatologie (NVH)

Their contribution is greatly acknowledged!

© copyright 2019 A. Saeed

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of the author and the publisher holding the copyright of the published articles.

ISBN / EAN: 978-94-034-1686-1 (Printed book)

ISBN: 978-94-034-1685-4 (Digital book)

Cover: Designed by A. Saeed

Lay-out by: A. Saeed

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Disturbed vitamin A metabolism in chronic

liver disease and relevance for therapy

PhD thesis

to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen

on the authority of the Rector Magnificus prof. E. Sterken

and in accordance with the decision by the College of Deans.

This thesis will be defended in public on

Tuesday 2 July 2019 at 9.00 hours

by

Ali Saeed

born on 6 January 1984 in Faisalabad, Pakistan

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Supervisor Prof. K.N. Faber Co-supervisor Prof. J. Blokzijl Assessment Committee Prof. J.B. Helms Prof. R.K. Weersma Prof. P. Olinga

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Paranymphs

Janette Heegsma Manon Buist-Homan

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Table of contents

Chapter 1: Introduction and aim of the thesis 9 Chapter 2: The interrelationship between bile acid and vitamin A homeostasis 17

Saeed A, Hoekstra M, Hoeke MO, Heegsma, Faber KN (2017). BBA-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1862(5):496-512.

Chapter 3: Hormone-sensitive lipase is a retinyl ester hydrolase in human and rat quiescent hepatic stellate cells

75

Shajari S*, Saeed A*, Smith-Cortinez NF, Heegsma J, Sydor S, Faber KN (2019) BBA-molecular and cell biology of lipids, In press. *equal authors

Chapter 4: Disturbed Vitamin A Metabolism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

105

Saeed A, Dullaart RPF, Schreuder TCMA, Blokzijl H, Faber KN (2017) Nutrients 2017 Dec 29;10(1). pii: E29. doi: 10.3390/nu10010029

Chapter 5: Hepatic vitamin A metabolism is disturbed in mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease leading to vitamin A accumulation in hepatocytes

143

Submitted

Chapter 6: Glycogen storage disease type 1a is associated with disturbed vitamin A metabolism and elevated serum retinol levels

176

Submitted

Chapter 7: Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and bile acids regulate vitamin A storage 201

In preparation

Chapter 8: Discussion 229

Summary & Samenvatting 251

Acknowledgements 259

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The first person I want to acknowledge is my great father (Saeed Iqbal Anjum). His presence in my life is a great blessing. He gave me all type of support, courage and motivation