• No results found

MSc Marketing ManagementMaster Thesis DefenseEmil Denevs2524643

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "MSc Marketing ManagementMaster Thesis DefenseEmil Denevs2524643"

Copied!
14
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1)

The Impact of Economic Inequality

on Preferences for Minority- vs.

Majority-Endorsed Products: The

Case for Bulgaria

MSc Marketing Management

Master Thesis Defense

(2)

Introduction

 Economic inequality trends are mixed because some countries experience a decline

in inequality while others suffer from rising inequality. However, the global wealth

inequality is increasing.

 Higher levels of economic inequality result in higher levels of adversities such as

homicide rates, drug use, obesity, violence, poorer educational performance, poorer

mental health, political instability, consumer debt, excessive risk taking, and more.

 The effects of economic inequality have been poorly researched in the consumption

(3)

Literature Review

3

 People access the correctness of their beliefs and attitudes by considering other people’s

opinions. People want to identify with the right position and the degree of popular support

is considered to be an important indicator of correctness.

 Consumers prefer majority-endorsed product when their opinion is made public.

 Inequality leads to a decline in trust. The main argument for this is that as differences

(4)

Conceptual Model

 𝐻

1

: Participants in the high economic inequality condition will display a higher

preference for majority-endorsed products relative to participants in the low economic

inequality condition.

 𝐻

2

: Participants in the high economic inequality condition will display a higher

(5)

Methodology

5

 2 (inequality: high vs. low) x 2 (endorsement type: majority vs. minority), between-subject

factorial design.

 Participants randomly assigned.

 Manipulation check.

 Measured -> perception of wealth distribution in province of residence, general trust,

product attitude and mood.

(6)

Inequality Manipulation

(7)

Generalized trust scale

7

(8)

Majority- and minority-endorsement

manipulation

(9)

Results

9

(10)

Discussion

 Endorsed product being too specific.

(11)

References

11

Alesina, A., & Perotti, R. (1993). Income Distribution, Political Instability, and Investment. European

Economic Review, 40(6), 1203-1228. doi:10.3386/w4486

Allianz Global Wealth Report 2018

Asch, S. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychology Monographs, 70 (9)

Barford, A. (2017). Emotional responses to world inequality. Emotion, Space and Society, 22, 25-35. doi:10.1016/j.emospa.2016.10.006

Bauhoff, S. (2011). Systematic self-report bias in health data: impact on estimating crosssectional and treatment effects. Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 11(1- 2), 44-53.

Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. (1985). Culture and the evolutionary process. Chicago Ill., etc.: University of

Chicago Press.

Bricker, J., Ramcharan, R., & Krimmel, J. (2014). Signaling Status: The Impact of Relative Income on Household Consumption and Financial Decisions. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2503557 Christen, M., & Morgan, R. (2005). Keeping up with the joneses: Analyzing the effect of income inequality on consumer borrowing. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 3(2), 145-173. doi:10.1007/s11129-005-0351-1

Claidière, N., & Whiten, A. (2012). Integrating the study of conformity and culture in humans and nonhuman animals. Psychological Bulletin, 138(1), 126-45. doi:10.1037/a0025868

Coffé, H., & Geys, B. (2006). Community heterogeneity: A burden for the creation of social capital? Social

Science Quarterly, 87(S1), 1053-1072. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00415.x

Côté, S., House, J., & Willer, R. (2015). High economic inequality leads higher-income individuals to be less generous. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(52), 15838-43. doi:10.1073/pnas.1511536112

Durand, M., & Murtin, F. (2015). The Relationship Between Income and Wealth Inequality : Evidence from the New OECD Wealth Distribution Database.

Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.

Fischer, J.A.V. & Benno, T. (2006). The effect of relative income position on social capital. Economics

(12)

References

Fritsche, I., Moya, M., Bukowski, M., Jugert, P., Lemus, S., Decker, O., Navarro-Carrillo, G. (2017). The great recession and group-based control: Converting personal helplessness into social class in-group trust and collective action. Journal of Social Issues, 73(1), 117-137. doi:10.1111/josi.12207

Hardin, R. (2006). Trust (Key concepts). Cambridge: Polity Press.

Jetten J, Wang Z, Steffens NK, Mols F, Peters K, Verkuyten M. A social identity analysis of responses to economic inequality. Current Opinion in Psychology, 18, 1-5.

Oishi, S., Kesebir, S., & Diener, E. (2011). Income inequality and happiness. Psychological science, 22(9), 1095-1100.

Payne, B., Brown-Iannuzzi, J., & Hannay, J. (2017). Economic inequality increases risk taking. Proceedings

of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(18), 4643-4648.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1616453114

Peshev, P. (2015). Analysis of the Wealth Inequality Dynamics in Bulgaria: Different Approach. Economic

Alternatives Journal, 4, 29-33.

Pickett, K., Mookherjee, J., & Wilkinson, R. (2005). Adolescent birth rates, total homicides, and income inequality in rich countries. American Journal of Public Health, 95(7), 1181-3.

Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-first Century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University

Press.

Rothstein, B., & Uslaner, E. (2005). All for all: Equality, corruption, and social trust. World Politics, 58(1), 41-72.

Saez, E. (2014). Income Concentration and Top Income Tax Rates. Presentation at the Tax Policy Center & USC Conference: Growing Income Inequality: Is Tax Policy the Cause, the Cure or or Irrelevant? USC Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, February 7.

(13)

13

(14)

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

Hypothesis 1: Perceived salience has a negative effect on willingness to buy embarrassing products (i.e. the more salient the offline, public purchase of an embarrassing product

H1: Consumers experiencing high inequality compared to low inequality condition, show greater preference for topdog brands. H2: Under conditions of high inequality, preference

Thus, to test the moderating effect of self-esteem level on brand type preference in different levels of inequality, we conducted two separate moderated moderation analyses

H2: Consumers experiencing high levels of Personal Relative Deprivation (vs. low levels) will indicate a higher preference for topdog brands (vs. underdog brands), which is mediated

For the shopping orientation variable, it is pointless to compute the probability value, as the coefficient is not significant, but it can still be noticed how (given what has

Key words: Brand extension; success drivers; choice-based conjoint analysis; choices; fit; parent brand; conviction; experience; quality; relative brand familiarity; perceived

Also, further research could use different brands, known/unknown or favorable/unfavorable, to test if the awareness of the charity organization or the brand attitude