The pots and potters of Assyria : technology and organization of production, ceramics sequence and vessel function at Late Bronze Age Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria

The pots and potters of Assyria : technology and organization of

production, ceramics sequence and vessel function at Late Bronze Age

Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria

Duistermaat, K.

Citation

Duistermaat, K. (2007, March 21). The pots and potters of Assyria : technology and

organization of production, ceramics sequence and vessel function at Late Bronze Age Tell

Sabi Abyad, Syria. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/11416

Version: Corrected Publisher’s Version

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the

Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden

Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/11416

Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable).

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CHAPTER II

Table II.1 The four levels of description in the Sabi Abyad ceramic typology.

Table II.2 Estimates of firing temperatures based on sherd colour.

CHAPTER III

Table III.1 Diagnostic sherds in sublevels of level 6.

Table III.2 Diagnostic sherds in sublevels of level 5.

Table III.3 Diagnostic sherds in sublevels of level 4.

Table III.4 Diagnostic sherds in sublevels of level 3.

CHAPTER IV

Table IV.1 Amount of sherds from secure contexts.

Table IV.2 Inclusions in level 7.

Table IV.3 Shapes in level 7.

Table IV.4 Different bowl shapes in level 7.

Table IV.5 Base types in level 7, loose bases and complete shapes included.

Table IV.6 Decoration in level 7.

Table IV.7 Firing temperatures in level 7.

Table IV.8 Firing atmospheres in level 7.

Table IV.9 Level 7, proportions of ware per type, frequencies of types.

Table IV.10 Inclusions in level 6.

Table IV.11 Shapes in level 6.

Table IV.12 Different bowl shapes in level 6.

Table IV.13 Base types in level 6, loose bases and complete shapes included.

Table IV.14 Decoration in level 6.

Table IV.15 Relative firing temperatures in level 6.

Table IV.16 Firing atmosphere in level 6.

Table IV.17 Level 6, proportions of ware per type, frequencies of types.

Table IV.18 Inclusions in level 5.

Table IV.19 Shapes in level 5.

Table IV.20 Different bowl shapes in level 5.

Table IV.21 Base types in level 5, loose bases and complete shapes included.

Table IV.22 Decoration in level 5.

Table IV.23 Relative firing temperatures in level 5.

Table IV.24 Firing atmospheres in level 5.

Table IV.25 Level 5, proportions of ware per type, frequencies of types.

Table IV.26 Inclusions in level 4.

Table IV.27 Shapes in level 4.

Table IV.28 Different bowl shapes in level 4.

Table IV.29 Base types in level 4, loose bases and complete shapes included.

Table IV.30 Decoration in level 4.

Table IV.31 Relative firing temperatures in level 4.

Table IV.32 Firing atmospheres in level 4.

Table IV.33 Level 4, proportions of ware per type, frequencies of types.

Table IV.34 Inclusions in level 3.

Table IV.35 Shapes in level 3.

Table IV.36 Different bowl shapes in level 3.

Table IV.37 Base types in level 3, loose bases and complete shapes included.

Table IV.38 Decoration in level 3.

Table IV.39 Relative firing temperatures in level 3.

Table IV.40 Firing atmospheres in level 3.

Table IV.41 Level 3, proportions of ware per type, frequencies of types.

Table IV.42 Comparison: inclusions in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.43 Comparison: shape groups in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.44 Comparison: bowl shapes in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.45 Comparison: pot shapes in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.46 Comparison: jar shapes in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.47 Comparison: goblet shapes in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.48 Comparison: base shapes in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.49 Comparison: handles in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.50 Comparison: surface treatment in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.51 Comparison: decoration in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.52 Comparison: firing temperatures in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.53 Comparison: firing atmospheres in levels 6 – 3.

Table IV.54 Jar shapes at Tell Sheikh Hamad (after Pfälzner 1995: 132-161).

Table IV.55 Correlation of Sabi Abyad and Sheikh Hamad sequences.

Table IV.56 Correlation of Sabi Abyad and Sheikh Hamad sequences, comparing individual shapes.

Table IV.57 Relative sequences of Sabi Abyad and other sites.

CHAPTER V

Table V.1 Overview of the different modes of production after Peacock (1982: 8-11), Rice (1987: 183- 186), Pfälzner (1995: 27-30).

Table V.2 Archaeometric groups and comparison with field ware groups and shape types, suggesting the possible origin of the clay and including sample numbers used in Appendix D. Samples from level 7 are underlined.

Table V.3 The preparation of the clay body and frequencies of the different wares. Ware groups X and Y were found among the unfired vessel fragments and kiln wasters at the site (only

diagnostics described by the author).

Table V.4 Potter’s wheel rotational direction as reconstructed from spiral traces on vessels.

Table V.5 List of the vessel types made in each technological group.

Table V.6 Decoration techniques used at Sabi Abyad.

Table V.7 Patterns of decoration.

Table V.8 The relation between firing atmosphere and surface and core colours.

Table V.9 Numbers and percentages of sherds fired in different kiln atmospheres split according to ware.

Table V.10 Comparison of ware groups and kiln atmosphere.

Table V.11 Frequencies of roughly estimated firing temperatures.

Table V.12 Vessel shape related to firing temperature.

Table V.13 Number and percentage of bases with base cracks, according to base type.

Table V.14 Firing temperatures in sherds with lime spalling and firing temperatures in the whole assemblage.

Table V.15 Methods and location of repairs on damaged vessels.

Table V.16 The capacity of vessels with impressed or incised marks.

Table V.17 Position of the painted signs on different kinds of vessels.

Table V.18 The capacity of vessels with painted signs.

Table V.19 Comparing firing temperatures between levels.

Table V.20 The diversity index Shannon’s H and equitability index EH for the rim types within each level.

Table V.21 Table showing the rim types and percentages for the first ten most popular rim types per level.

Table V.22 Bowls and strainers, mean rim diameters (mm) organized into size groups.

Table V.23 Deep bowls and pots, mean rim diameters organized into size groups.

Table V.24 Mean rim diameter (mrd) and CV values (in %) for selected rim types per level and for unbaked pottery fragments. Between brackets: these values are not valid because of a very small sample size. Between square brackets: values for sherds from the pottery workshops only.

Table V.25 Comparing some CV scores for rim diameter measurements on vessels from different ethnoarchaeological contexts. Most measurements stem from single (or a few) production events or from single (or a few) potters (based on Roux 2003: tables 4, 6 and 7; Kvamme et al. 1996: table 4; Arnold and Nieves 1992, based on table 4.2; Longacre 1999: table 4.5, Underhill 2003: table VI).

Table V.26 Comparing some CV scores for measurements on vessels from different archaeological contexts (based on Berg 2004: table 1; Benco 1988; Stein and Blackman 1993: table 3;

Coursey 1997: table 4.6; Costin and Hagstrum 1995: table 4).

CHAPTER VI

Table VI.1 The functional aspects of vessel shape listed for each vessel type.

APPENDIX C

Table C.1 Sizes of updraft kilns at Sabi Abyad.

APPENDIX D

Table D.1 WD-XRF analyses of the chemical composition of local clays.

Table D.2 Comparison of the chemical composition of sample J730 with a selection of Sabi Abyad clays.

Table D.3 Comparison of the chemical composition of sample J728 with a selection of Sabi Abyad clays.

Table D.4 List of thin-section sample numbers.

APPENDIX G

Table G.1 The location of burning traces on carinated bowls.