Religion and politics in Africa

rikaZamani, No. 5, 1997 and No. 6, 1998

Religion and Politics in Africa

Stephen Ellis & Gerrie ter Harr*

religion is based on a belief in the existence of invisible forces influence human destiny. So important is belief of this sort in itemporary African thought, we will argue in this essay, that many îcans appear to believe that thé widely-attested malaise of their ilic life may be explained largely, or even primarily, by référence Cfhese invisible forces.

Among thé évidence for this assertion is the rapid growth of rements of religious renewal or revival which are to be found in parts of Africa today, especially those which are sometimes J^soribed as 'fundamentalist', and of new religious movements in "serai (Tozy 1995:58-74; Gifford 1994:513-34; Mbembe 1988). of thé ideas articulated by and within thèse movements may be as a critique of thé way in which power is organized. on a rieh religious imagery, many populär texts circulating constitute a commentary on a world in which power is isented as being too often an instrument that evil people use to 'oy peace and harmony. To put it in more familiär and more ic terms, thèse texts are an oblique criticism of misgovernment. like any group of people who corne together in search of power, âÔiça's new religious movements are, themselves a field of action in ^vMch that elusive commodity, power, may be acquired and 'pedistributed.

"'/''' In thé following pages we will discuss what power is and how it

|,% represented from various points of view before examining the ,;:potîtical implications of thé growth of new religious movements in

and lts Organi/atioH

er is usually defined as the ability of a person to induce others to in the way which hè or she requires (Bullock and Stallybrass

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