University of Groningen The classroom as context for bullying Rambaran, Johannes Ashwin

(1)

The classroom as context for bullying

Rambaran, Johannes Ashwin

DOI:

10.33612/diss.96793146

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from

it. Please check the document version below.

Document Version

Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Publication date:

2019

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

Rambaran, J. A. (2019). The classroom as context for bullying: a social network approach. University of

Groningen. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.96793146

Copyright

Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).

Take-down policy

If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.

(2)

S2.1 Results of the goodness of fit statistics

(3)

S2.1.1 Overview of goodness of fit (t) statistics for each classroom victimization network model

seperately included in this study.

Classroom 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Network effects Arc 0.00 0.06 -0.02 -0.08 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.00 -0.20 0.02 -0.02 -0.05 -0.03 Reciprocity -0.08 1.38 2.03 -0.43 0.72 2.01 0.54 1.00 -0.63 -0.12 -0.24 0.14 -0.09 2-In-Star 0.36 0.11 0.18 -0.15 0.22 0.08 0.06 -0.11 -0.16 0.67 -0.16 -0.12 -0.12 2-Out-Star -0.29 0.07 -0.09 0.16 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.02 -0.14 -0.25 -0.04 -0.10 -0.05 3-In-Star -0.17 0.15 0.37 -0.27 0.61 -0.02 0.21 -0.39 -0.36 -0.13 -0.37 -0.22 -0.26 3-Out-Star -0.45 -0.03 -0.23 0.50 -0.15 0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -0.24 -0.42 -0.13 -0.19 -0.16 Mixed-2-Star -0.49 -0.01 -0.04 -0.13 -0.01 0.10 0.02 -0.03 -0.18 -0.54 -0.05 -0.09 -0.30 030T -0.10 0.63 0.18 1.04 -0.49 0.70 0.35 -0.01 0.73 -0.23 -0.50 -0.18 -0.24 030C -0.05 -0.23 -0.21 -0.13 -0.03 0.75 -0.39 0.40 -0.10 -0.03 -0.06 -0.28 -0.05 Sink -0.03 0.03 -0.05 -0.13 0.01 0.01 0.02 -0.06 -0.19 -0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01 Source 0.28 0.10 -0.23 0.13 -0.57 -0.06 -0.21 0.65 -0.02 0.43 0.11 0.24 0.24

S2.1 Results of goodness of fit statistics.

The results of the goodness of fit (GoF) statistics for each classroom victimization network

model is presented in S2.1.1 and summarized in S2.1.2. The majority of the classroom

victimization networks were adequately modeled by the effects reported in Table 2.4. This

means no additional network or individual effects in the model were needed to capture

the relational patterns in these victimization networks, most likely because victimization

networks are sparse networks. Accordingly, a small set of network effects suffices (referring

to density, sinks, isolates, in-ties spread, multiple two-paths, and shared in-ties; see Huitsing

et al., 2012; see also Huitsing & Veenstra, 2012).

In one classroom (3), the GoF statistics indicated that reciprocity was not captured

adequately. In addition, in almost half of the classrooms (1, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 18, 20, 23, 24,

26) the GoF statistics indicated that reciprocity with regard to age (in various forms, referring

to sum, difference, product) was not modeled adequately. However, these configurations

were only present in four of these classrooms (7, 8, 12, 23). Such configurations were not

related to one particular effect, and because we already included non-reciprocal age-related

effects to test our hypothesis, we decided not to include these extra effects.

(4)

Supplemen

ts

Classroom 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Isolates 0.02 -0.04 0.02 0.12 0.01 -0.09 -0.05 0.04 0.22 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 K-In-Star 0.44 0.08 0.02 -0.06 -0.01 0.12 0.01 0.00 -0.15 0.74 -0.03 -0.05 -0.03 K-Out-Star -0.18 0.09 -0.06 -0.01 0.06 0.10 0.04 0.01 -0.12 -0.13 -0.01 -0.05 -0.01 K-L-Star -0.53 -0.01 0.00 -0.26 0.14 0.28 0.06 -0.20 -0.13 -0.60 -0.10 -0.07 -0.46 K-1-Star -0.49 0.27 -0.19 -0.59 0.04 0.14 0.23 0.02 -0.26 -0.55 -0.04 -0.06 -0.38 1-L-Star -0.53 -0.25 0.16 0.36 0.08 0.26 -0.14 -0.26 0.01 -0.58 -0.04 -0.05 -0.36 TK-Triangle -0.10 0.72 0.20 1.19 -0.49 0.73 0.28 0.08 0.75 -0.23 -0.50 -0.15 -0.26 CK-Triangle -0.05 -0.23 -0.21 -0.13 -0.03 0.90 -0.40 0.40 -0.10 -0.03 -0.06 -0.29 -0.05 DK-Triangle -0.10 0.78 0.23 0.19 -0.49 0.66 0.38 0.12 0.73 -0.23 -0.47 -0.14 -0.28 UK-Triangle -0.10 0.41 0.20 1.41 -0.49 0.76 0.37 -0.03 0.65 -0.23 -0.49 -0.15 -0.28 TK-2-Paths -0.49 0.03 -0.03 -0.09 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.01 -0.14 -0.54 -0.02 -0.05 -0.31 DK-2-Paths -0.29 0.07 -0.04 -0.09 0.04 0.11 0.01 0.00 -0.13 -0.24 0.00 -0.05 -0.02 UK-2-Paths 0.37 0.11 0.22 -0.35 0.29 0.10 -0.04 -0.12 -0.16 0.68 -0.15 -0.08 -0.08 Age effects Sender -0.05 0.03 -0.03 -0.09 -0.02 0.06 -0.10 0.01 0.19 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.03 Receiver 0.00 -0.07 0.04 0.02 -0.02 0.14 0.05 -0.04 0.07 -0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 Single-Sum -0.03 -0.04 0.00 -0.06 -0.04 0.12 -0.08 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.12 0.04 0.04 Single-Difference -0.01 -0.08 0.82 0.19 -0.10 0.31 -0.42 0.12 -0.40 -0.32 0.39 -0.14 -0.18 Single-Product -0.72 -0.04 -2.13 -0.25 -0.57 0.69 0.40 -0.67 -0.40 0.98 -0.52 -0.19 0.02 Mutual-Sum 1.45 -0.39 -0.08 0.10 -1.46 -1.21 -1.31 1.35 1.64 -2.33 -0.81 -0.96 -1.42 Mutual-Difference 1.51 -1.75 -1.98 -1.67 -2.54 -1.55 -0.18 -0.17 -1.49 -1.67 -1.47 2.28 -1.54 Mutual-Product -1.41 1.75 3.41 1.60 1.87 1.06 -1.15 1.06 0.85 0.20 -0.58 -1.41 1.78 Relative Difference -0.03 0.06 -0.05 -0.10 0.00 -0.12 -0.11 0.03 0.16 0.04 0.01 -0.07 0.00 Gender effects Boy-Boy 0.88 1.27 1.93 4.00 0.02 1.13 0.50 -0.03 6.39 1.32 0.25 1.13 0.03 Girl-Girl 0.03 -0.05 0.02 -1.26 0.05 0.10 -0.85 0.00 -1.51 -0.01 -0.92 -0.99 -0.04 Girl-Boy 0.00 0.08 -0.02 -0.06 -0.02 0.12 0.04 0.00 -0.20 -1.09 -0.01 -0.06 -0.01 Boy-Girl -0.79 -1.42 -1.63 -0.52 -0.05 -1.39 0.00 0.02 -0.84 0.01 0.00 -0.08 -0.03 Grade effects Low-Low -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -0.05 0.73 High-High -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -0.07 -0.06 Low-High -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -0.04 -0.54 High-Low -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.01 0.02 S2.1.1 Continued.

(5)

Classroom 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Network effects Arc -0.05 -0.02 0.00 0.05 0.05 -0.18 0.03 -0.08 -0.01 -0.04 0.01 0.04 0.00 Reciprocity 1.22 -0.75 -0.40 0.06 -0.27 0.06 -0.68 -0.38 -0.08 0.59 -0.25 -0.25 -0.03 2-In-Star 0.05 -0.05 -0.19 0.11 0.03 -0.22 -0.14 -0.10 -0.18 0.16 0.36 -0.01 -0.02 2-Out-Star 0.01 0.03 0.40 0.06 -0.02 -0.20 0.05 -0.09 -0.35 0.12 -0.05 -0.02 0.21 3-In-Star 0.36 -0.15 -0.51 0.24 0.07 -0.35 -0.48 -0.12 -0.43 0.56 -0.28 -0.09 -0.19 3-Out-Star -0.20 -0.04 0.53 -0.08 -0.11 -0.33 -0.03 -0.16 -0.47 0.09 -0.29 -0.13 0.17 Mixed-2-Star -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.05 -0.02 -0.22 -0.01 -0.10 -0.56 -0.11 -0.76 0.00 -0.30 030T 0.51 -0.06 -0.77 0.15 -0.21 -0.49 0.19 -0.05 -0.31 0.45 -0.24 0.14 -0.19 030C -0.48 -0.47 -0.10 -0.35 -0.05 -0.55 -0.33 -0.30 -1.00 -0.42 -0.08 -0.18 -1.00 Sink 0.03 0.01 -0.05 0.03 0.05 -0.05 0.04 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.07 -0.03 Source -0.09 -0.15 0.37 -0.15 0.06 -0.38 0.59 -0.22 0.31 -0.20 0.61 0.00 0.01 Isolates 0.03 0.04 0.02 -0.05 -0.04 0.18 -0.02 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.01 -0.06 0.07 K-In-Star -0.05 -0.02 0.00 0.04 0.01 -0.17 0.02 -0.10 -0.01 -0.05 0.55 0.03 0.08 K-Out-Star 0.15 0.03 0.25 0.11 0.04 -0.13 0.07 -0.02 -0.22 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.19 K-L-Star -0.09 -0.12 -0.18 0.16 0.08 -0.36 -0.03 0.01 -0.63 -0.16 -0.83 0.20 -0.38 K-1-Star -0.16 0.10 -0.39 0.11 -0.06 -0.17 -0.17 0.05 -0.59 0.13 -0.79 0.17 -0.35 1-L-Star 0.01 -0.23 0.38 0.34 0.10 -0.26 0.17 0.01 -0.59 -0.42 -0.79 0.03 -0.33 TK-Triangle 0.48 -0.11 -0.79 0.23 -0.19 -0.49 0.24 -0.02 -0.31 0.65 -0.24 0.19 -0.19 CK-Triangle -0.49 -0.49 -0.10 -0.38 -0.05 -0.57 -0.33 -0.31 -1.00 -0.43 -0.08 -0.19 -1.00 DK-Triangle 0.47 -0.02 -0.79 0.14 -0.17 -0.49 0.24 -0.07 -0.31 0.40 -0.24 0.28 -0.20 UK-Triangle 0.55 -0.17 -0.79 0.13 -0.19 -0.51 0.06 0.05 -0.31 0.22 -0.24 0.21 -0.19 TK-2-Paths -0.05 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.02 -0.19 0.04 -0.09 -0.57 -0.01 -0.76 0.01 -0.30 DK-2-Paths -0.07 -0.01 -0.01 0.07 0.07 -0.19 0.06 -0.08 -0.34 -0.04 -0.04 0.04 0.25 UK-2-Paths -0.17 -0.11 -0.55 0.18 0.15 -0.22 -0.14 -0.08 -0.16 -0.01 0.38 0.05 -0.01 Age effects Sender 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -0.04 0.08 -0.01 0.14 -0.01 0.02 -0.07 -0.03 -0.01 Receiver 0.08 0.04 -0.01 -0.06 0.05 0.16 -0.05 0.05 -0.01 0.01 0.10 0.07 0.01 Single-Sum 0.04 0.02 -0.02 -0.05 -0.01 0.13 -0.02 0.11 -0.02 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00 Single-Difference -0.64 -0.51 -0.16 -0.30 -0.15 -0.46 0.24 -0.41 -0.47 -0.60 -0.85 0.22 -0.43 Single-Product 0.10 0.21 -0.13 0.17 0.66 0.12 -0.04 0.09 0.36 0.15 0.91 -0.24 -0.01 Mutual-Sum 1.74 0.82 0.65 1.03 -0.90 -1.63 0.87 2.62 -1.16 1.82 -0.01 -0.73 -2.27 Mutual-Difference -0.32 -0.16 -1.09 -0.46 0.32 0.68 1.32 2.43 -2.76 -1.66 -0.59 1.29 -2.68 Mutual-Product -1.75 -1.19 0.48 -0.91 0.45 -0.56 -0.14 -2.45 2.45 0.07 0.26 0.74 3.09 Relative Difference -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 0.06 -0.08 -0.09 0.04 0.12 0.00 0.01 -0.11 -0.07 -0.02

(6)

Supplemen

ts

S2.1.1 Continued.

S2.1.2 Summary of goodness of fit results.

11 Regular single-grade

classrooms 9 Administrative multigrade classrooms 6 Pedagogical multigrade classrooms Summary/conclusion

9 classrooms showed

good fit statistics.a 8 classrooms showed _{good fit statistics.}a 5 classrooms showed _{good fit statistics.}a The majority of _{victimization networks}

were adequately modeled by included effects. 2 classrooms (3 and

6) showed poor fit on reciprocity effect.

Reciprocity (i↔j) was not adequately modeled in two classrooms. Because there are a few of such ties in these classrooms, it was not modeled explicitly. 3 classrooms (3, 5, and 10)

showed poor fit on the mutual age-sum/product effect.

1 classroom (12) showed poor fit on the mutual age sum/difference effect.

3 classrooms (21, 22, and 26) showed poor fit on the mutual age sum/ product effect.

Reciprocity with regard to age effects was not adequately modeled in several classrooms. Because we already included non-reciprocal age effects, and it was not related to one particular age effect, no additional age effects were included.

Notes. a_{Good/acceptable fit is indicated by t-statistics lower than 2 in absolute terms for effects not included in the}

model. Classroom 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Gender effects Boy-Boy 0.00 0.43 0.99 0.04 1.22 -0.20 -0.01 -0.08 -0.01 -0.05 1.29 0.02 1.71 Girl-Girl -0.06 -1.26 0.04 0.03 0.02 -0.08 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.03 -0.67 0.04 0.09 Girl-Boy -0.04 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.03 -0.12 0.05 -0.06 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.04 -0.04 Boy-Girl -0.01 0.01 -0.98 0.05 -1.36 -0.18 0.06 -0.07 -0.01 -0.02 -0.91 0.02 -1.12 Grade effects Low-Low -0.04 0.03 1.39 0.02 0.01 0.89 0.02 -0.09 1.25 1.63 0.04 0.03 1.60 High-High 0.04 0.00 -0.02 0.08 0.03 -0.82 0.02 0.00 -0.64 -0.01 -0.12 0.02 0.04 Low-High -0.06 -0.08 0.03 0.06 0.00 -0.17 0.00 -0.10 -0.03 -1.37 -0.04 0.05 0.03 High-Low 0.00 0.02 -0.81 0.02 0.05 -0.18 0.02 -0.02 -0.76 -0.02 0.05 0.03 -1.01

Notes. The table shows the t-statistics for assessment of goodness of fit for each effect included and not included in the model. The t-statistic is calculated with (observation - sample mean) / standard deviation.

(7)

S2 .2 F ore st p lo ts of r esu lts of th e se pa ra te c lassr oo m ER GM an aly sis. O ver al l −8 −4 −1 0 1 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 −6 .4 2 [ −9 .2 0, −3 .63 ] −4 .5 9 [ −7 .2 0, −1 .99 ] −5 .4 0 [ −7 .9 2, −2 .87 ] −0 .8 8 [ −3 .3 6, 1 .6 0] −6 .2 6 [ −8 .8 9, −3 .62 ] −2 .5 3 [ −4 .4 1, −0 .65 ] −0 .1 9 [ −2 .6 4, 2 .2 6] −3 .9 8 [ −6 .0 4, −1 .92 ] −5 .9 2 [ −8 .5 5, −3 .30 ] −3 .5 3 [ −5 .3 3, −1 .73 ] −2 .4 3 [ −5 .4 6, 0 .6 1] −3 .4 9 [ −5 .4 7, −1 .51 ] 0 .3 5 [ −2 .0 0, 2 .7 0] −5 .4 7 [ −8 .5 0, −2 .43 ] −4 .3 4 [ −6 .4 0, −2 .29 ] −3 .9 9 [ −6 .2 1, −1 .76 ] −2 .7 4 [ −4 .9 1, −0 .57 ] 5 .0 7 [ 2 .6 9, 7 .4 5] −2 .8 8 [ −4 .7 7, −0 .99 ] −2 .5 6 [ −4 .8 4, −0 .28 ] −3 .3 9 [ −5 .5 0, −1 .28 ] −0 .7 9 [ −3 .1 8, 1 .6 0] −1 .0 4 [ −3 .8 9, 1 .8 1] −3 .6 0 [ −6 .3 0, −0 .91 ] −2 .1 0 [ −4 .4 9, 0 .2 9] −5 .4 6 [ −7 .9 5, −2 .97 ] −3 .0 0 [ −3 .9 4, −2 .06 ] Dens ity R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] −3 .2 1 [ −4 .5 5, −1 .86 ] −2 .1 5 [ −3 .7 5, −0 .55 ] −4 .2 5 [ −6 .0 2, −2 .48 ] (Q = 23 .0 0, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 50 .0 2, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 15 .5 3, p = 0 .0 1) (Q = 97 .8 3, p = 0 .0 0) O ver al l −3 0 1 3 6 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 .2 7 [ −0 .6 5, 5 1 .7 8 [ −0 .9 2, 4 −0 .9 5 [ −3 .5 3, 1 1 .4 5 [ −0 .7 0, 3 1 .0 3 [ −1 .5 2, 3 2 .3 0 [ 0 .3 1, 2 .0 8 [ −0 .3 8, 4 1 .8 1 [ −0 .3 7, 4 −1 .8 2 [ −4 .2 9, 0 −0 .7 6 [ −2 .8 2, 1 1 .5 0 [ −1 .2 8, 4 −0 .0 2 [ −2 .0 2, 1 1 .2 7 [ −0 .6 2, 3 4 .5 1 [ 1 .6 3, 2 .1 6 [ −0 .1 7, 4 0 .1 6 [ −2 .1 9, 2 1 .8 9 [ −0 .6 1, 4 1 .3 2 [ −0 .8 5, 3 1 .4 5 [ −0 .4 5, 3 2 .8 7 [ 0 .6 0, 2 .8 3 [ 0 .4 5, −1 .3 3 [ −3 .6 2, 0 0 .9 9 [ −1 .8 9, 3 0 .1 9 [ −2 .4 8, 2 1 .6 3 [ −0 .6 5, 3 1 .1 5 [ −1 .4 1, 3 1 .1 8 [ 0 .6 7, Sinks R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] 1.0 9 [ −0 .0 3, 2 .2 1] 1.2 3 [ 0.5 0, 1.9 5] 1.3 9 [ 0.4 0, 2.3 7] (Q = 16 .9 8, p = 0 .0 (Q = 10 .3 9, p = 0 .4 (Q = 4 .45, p = 0 .49) (Q = 32 .2 4, p = 0 .1 S2.2 F or est plots of r

esults of the separat

e classr

oom ER

GM analysis

(8)

Supplemen

ts

O ver al l −2 0 1 3 7 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 .5 3 [ −1 .6 3, 2 .7 0] 1 .3 9 [ −1 .1 1, 3 .8 8] −0 .1 2 [ −2 .4 9, 2 .2 6] 2 .7 1 [ 0 .3 9, 5 .0 3] 0 .9 3 [ −1 .1 5, 3 .0 2] 2 .5 5 [ 0 .6 1, 4 .4 8] 3 .6 6 [ 1 .1 5, 6 .1 7] 1 .1 7 [ −0 .8 7, 3 .2 2] −0 .9 6 [ −3 .0 1, 1 .1 0] −1 .2 7 [ −3 .1 6, 0 .6 1] 2 .9 1 [ 0 .3 4, 5 .4 9] 0 .7 0 [ −1 .2 5, 2 .6 5] 3 .5 0 [ 1 .1 1, 5 .9 0] 2 .5 4 [ −0 .0 1, 5 .0 9] 0 .1 5 [ −1 .9 5, 2 .2 5] 1 .0 4 [ −0 .8 6, 2 .9 3] 1 .6 0 [ −0 .6 4, 3 .8 3] 9 .8 3 [ 7 .4 6, 12 .21 ] 1 .9 9 [ −0 .1 6, 4 .1 3] 2 .2 3 [ −0 .2 7, 4 .7 2] 2 .3 4 [ −0 .0 4, 4 .7 2] 0 .8 5 [ −1 .4 2, 3 .1 1] 4 .9 5 [ 2 .3 7, 7 .5 3] 0 .8 0 [ −1 .7 7, 3 .3 7] 2 .6 4 [ 0 .4 4, 4 .8 5] 0 .5 5 [ −1 .6 0, 2 .7 0] 1 .8 4 [ 1 .0 2, 2 .6 6] Isolat es R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] 1.2 5 [ 0.0 3, 2.4 7] 2.5 9 [ 1.0 2, 4.1 7] 1.3 9 [ 0.4 8, 2.3 0] (Q = 21 .8 2, p = 0 .0 1) (Q = 50 .2 8, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 4 .95, p = 0 .42) (Q = 85 .5 6, p = 0 .0 0) O ver al l −5 −1 −0 .2 5 0.5 1.5 3 26 25 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 .4 5 [ 0 .1 6, 4 .7 0 .6 2 [ −1 .2 4, 2 .4 −0 .4 3 [ −2 .1 7, 1 .3 0 .7 8 [ −1 .4 1, 2 .9 −0 .0 7 [ −1 .6 8, 1 .5 −0 .1 8 [ −1 .8 9, 1 .5 0 .2 6 [ −1 .4 2, 1 .9 1 .4 3 [ −0 .1 8, 3 .0 1 .7 1 [ 0 .4 1, 3 .0 −0 .4 5 [ −2 .5 8, 1 .6 1 .4 1 [ 0 .1 3, 2 .6 −0 .9 2 [ −2 .6 4, 0 .7 1 .9 6 [ −0 .1 2, 4 .0 1 .1 3 [ −0 .4 8, 2 .7 1 .5 3 [ 0 .0 3, 3 .0 −6 .9 6 [ −9 .2 7, −4 .65 0 .2 2 [ −1 .2 9, 1 .7 −0 .1 7 [ −2 .3 1, 1 .9 1 .2 9 [ −0 .0 4, 2 .6 −1 .9 1 [ −3 .7 6, −0 .07 −0 .3 4 [ −2 .1 5, 1 .4 1 .2 6 [ −0 .3 2, 2 .8 0 .9 5 [ −0 .4 9, 2 .4 0 .3 2 [ −0 .3 6, 0 .9 In− ties spread R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] 0.8 0 [ 0.1 5, 1.4 5] −0 .3 7 [ −2 .0 0, 1 .2 7] 0.4 6 [ −0 .3 8, 1 .3 1] (Q = 11 .5 2, p = 0 .1 7) (Q = 50 .7 3, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 4 .41, p = 0 .35) (Q = 69 .9 5, p = 0 .0 0) S2.2 C ontinued .

(9)

O ver al l −1 .5 −1 −0 .2 5 0 0.2 5 1 25 23 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 12 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 .6 4 [ −0 .4 8, 1 .7 6] −0 .1 4 [ −1 .0 4, 0 .7 5] 0 .1 3 [ −0 .6 3, 0 .8 9] −0 .2 1 [ −1 .2 4, 0 .8 3] 0 .3 0 [ −0 .4 1, 1 .0 0] −0 .4 8 [ −2 .0 0, 1 .0 4] 0 .0 4 [ −0 .5 6, 0 .6 3] −0 .7 5 [ −2 .4 9, 1 .0 0] −0 .1 0 [ −0 .8 2, 0 .6 2] −0 .3 3 [ −1 .2 1, 0 .5 6] 0 .4 4 [ −0 .4 9, 1 .3 7] −0 .4 2 [ −1 .5 5, 0 .7 2] −1 .0 6 [ −2 .2 7, 0 .1 4] 0 .1 0 [ −0 .5 0, 0 .7 0] 0 .0 7 [ −0 .6 8, 0 .8 1] 0 .1 2 [ −0 .5 3, 0 .7 6] −1 .9 9 [ −3 .7 6, −0 .21 ] −0 .4 3 [ −1 .6 0, 0 .7 4] −0 .0 3 [ −1 .2 4, 1 .1 8] −0 .2 7 [ −1 .2 5, 0 .7 0] −0 .0 4 [ −0 .2 4, 0 .1 5] M ul tipl e tw o−pat hs R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] −0 .0 1 [ −0 .3 1, 0 .3 0] −0 .1 4 [ −0 .4 4, 0 .1 5] 0.1 5 [ −0 .3 7, 0 .6 6] (Q = 3 .37, p = 0 .85) (Q = 8 .45, p = 0 .39) (Q = 1 .16, p = 0 .56) (Q = 14 .0 0, p = 0 .7 8) O ver al l −2 −1 −0 .2 5 0 0.2 5 1.5 25 23 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 −0 .6 1 [ −2 .3 1, 1 0 .0 9 [ −0 .7 9, 0 0 .2 1 [ −0 .3 9, 0 −0 .1 9 [ −1 .3 5, 0 0 .1 9 [ −0 .5 7, 0 0 .2 2 [ −0 .6 4, 1 0 .2 9 [ −0 .2 6, 0 −0 .1 8 [ −1 .6 6, 1 0 .2 3 [ −0 .6 1, 1 0 .1 3 [ −0 .4 0, 0 0 .0 8 [ −0 .9 8, 1 −0 .1 2 [ −1 .4 1, 1 0 .1 4 [ −0 .7 6, 1 0 .1 6 [ −0 .2 5, 0 0 .2 6 [ −0 .2 0, 0 0 .2 6 [ −0 .2 1, 0 −0 .2 9 [ −1 .4 6, 0 −0 .0 5 [ −1 .3 5, 1 −0 .1 8 [ −1 .3 6, 1 −0 .2 5 [ −2 .1 7, 1 −0 .4 7 [ −1 .8 6, 0 0 .1 5 [ −0 .0 2, 0 Sh ar ed i n−t ies R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] 0.1 5 [ −0 .1 1, 0 .4 2] 0.1 5 [ −0 .0 8, 0 .3 7] 0.1 1 [ −0 .3 6, 0 .5 8] (Q = 1 .04, p = 1 .00) (Q = 2 .32, p = 0 .97) (Q = 0 .80, p = 0 .67) (Q = 4 .18, p = 1 .00) S2.2 C ontinued .

(10)

Supplemen

ts

O ver al l −3 −1 −0 .2 5 0.5 3 26 25 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 14 13 10 8 6 5 3 2 1 1 .1 5 [ −0 .9 9, 3 .3 0] 1 .4 6 [ −0 .6 5, 3 .5 7] −2 .4 0 [ −4 .2 8, −0 .52 ] 0 .3 9 [ −1 .7 9, 2 .5 8] −1 .5 5 [ −3 .3 6, 0 .2 6] 0 .1 4 [ −1 .2 9, 1 .5 7] −1 .1 3 [ −3 .1 7, 0 .9 1] 0 .8 9 [ −1 .0 8, 2 .8 6] −0 .7 9 [ −2 .4 8, 0 .9 0] 1 .0 5 [ −0 .6 0, 2 .7 0] −0 .6 3 [ −2 .0 3, 0 .7 7] 0 .9 5 [ −1 .2 7, 3 .1 8] −0 .8 1 [ −2 .9 3, 1 .3 1] −0 .2 5 [ −1 .6 3, 1 .1 2] −0 .9 0 [ −2 .5 7, 0 .7 7] 1 .1 6 [ −0 .6 5, 2 .9 7] −0 .7 9 [ −2 .5 8, 1 .0 0] −0 .4 8 [ −1 .9 8, 1 .0 2] 0 .5 8 [ −1 .8 8, 3 .0 3] −0 .1 8 [ −0 .6 2, 0 .2 6] G irl −gi rl R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] 0.0 0 [ −0 .6 4, 0 .6 4] −0 .2 8 [ −0 .9 3, 0 .3 8] −0 .2 6 [ −1 .7 8, 1 .2 6] (Q = 5 .88, p = 0 .44) (Q = 4 .05, p = 0 .67) (Q = 11 .3 8, p = 0 .0 2) (Q = 21 .9 2, p = 0 .2 4) O ver al l −2 .5 −1 −0 .2 5 0.5 1 3.5 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 .0 9 [ −1 .1 5, 3 .3 2 .3 6 [ 0 .1 9, 4.5 1 .8 4 [ −0 .2 3, 3 .9 −0 .3 1 [ −1 .6 7, 1 .0 0 .6 1 [ −1 .3 9, 2 .6 0 .4 6 [ −0 .8 7, 1 .8 −0 .0 9 [ −1 .5 8, 1 .4 0 .8 2 [ −0 .7 6, 2 .4 1 .6 3 [ −0 .1 5, 3 .4 −1 .4 8 [ −3 .1 4, 0 .1 −0 .3 9 [ −2 .2 3, 1 .4 0 .0 7 [ −1 .2 0, 1 .3 −0 .7 2 [ −1 .9 7, 0 .5 1 .2 7 [ −0 .8 2, 3 .3 −0 .1 3 [ −1 .9 9, 1 .7 0 .5 8 [ −0 .7 2, 1 .8 1 .8 3 [ 0 .1 9, 3.4 0 .3 9 [ −0 .9 3, 1 .7 −0 .1 4 [ −1 .6 0, 1 .3 0 .3 8 [ −0 .9 4, 1 .6 0 .1 0 [ −1 .4 4, 1 .6 2 .2 0 [ 0 .2 1, 4.1 −0 .6 2 [ −2 .3 4, 1 .1 0 .1 4 [ −1 .0 7, 1 .3 2 .2 9 [ 0 .1 5, 4.4 0 .3 9 [ 0 .0 6, 0.7 G irl −boy R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] 0.0 2 [ −0 .5 7, 0 .6 0] 0.5 3 [ 0.0 6, 1.0 0] 0.7 6 [ −0 .0 4, 1 .5 5] (Q = 10 .2 0, p = 0 .2 5) (Q = 10 .9 8, p = 0 .2 8) (Q = 5 .77, p = 0 .33) (Q = 30 .1 4, p = 0 .1 8) S2.2 C ontinued .

(11)

O ver al l −3 .5 −1 −0 .2 5 0.5 1 3.5 25 23 22 21 20 19 17 15 14 13 12 11 10 8 7 5 −1 .4 4 [ −3 .7 9, 0 .9 1] −1 .6 2 [ −3 .5 8, 0 .3 4] 0 .8 9 [ −1 .0 4, 2 .8 2] −1 .3 8 [ −3 .3 0, 0 .5 4] −1 .6 3 [ −3 .8 1, 0 .5 5] 0 .0 2 [ −1 .9 3, 1 .9 8] −1 .0 1 [ −2 .5 9, 0 .5 8] −1 .3 2 [ −3 .3 6, 0 .7 3] −0 .9 0 [ −2 .3 6, 0 .5 6] 1 .6 1 [ −0 .6 8, 3 .9 1] 0 .6 6 [ −0 .9 7, 2 .2 9] −0 .7 8 [ −2 .7 2, 1 .1 6] −0 .7 6 [ −2 .8 2, 1 .3 0] −0 .3 5 [ −2 .0 2, 1 .3 3] −0 .1 6 [ −1 .8 1, 1 .4 9] −0 .7 1 [ −2 .8 3, 1 .4 0] −0 .5 4 [ −1 .0 1, −0 .07 ] B oy− gi rl R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] −0 .4 2 [ −1 .1 7, 0 .3 3] −0 .5 0 [ −1 .3 3, 0 .3 3] −0 .8 5 [ −2 .0 7, 0 .3 7] (Q = 7 .77, p = 0 .26) (Q = 0 .38, p = 0 .98) (Q = 4 .23, p = 0 .24) (Q = 12 .8 1, p = 0 .6 2) O ver al l −2 −1 −0 .2 5 0.5 1 3.5 26 25 23 21 20 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 0 .1 2 [ −1 .9 3, 2 −0 .8 2 [ −2 .9 7, 1 0 .9 2 [ −0 .4 7, 2 0 .6 7 [ −0 .8 6, 2 −0 .5 3 [ −1 .9 6, 0 1 .1 9 [ −0 .4 9, 2 −0 .8 4 [ −2 .2 0, 0 2 .4 7 [ 0 .3 2, 0 .0 0 [ −1 .2 8, 1 0 .0 8 [ −1 .4 6, 1 1 .0 5 [ −0 .7 9, 2 −0 .7 3 [ −2 .6 9, 1 0 .2 3 [ −0 .2 6, 0 H igh− hi gh R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] NA [NA , NA] −0 .5 0 [ −1 .3 3, 0 .3 3] 0.4 4 [ −0 .4 0, 1 .2 9] (Q = 0 .38, p = 0 .98) (Q = 1 .94, p = 0 .58) (Q = 12 .9 4, p = 0 .3 S2.2 C ontinued .

(12)

Supplemen

ts

O ver al l −4 −1 −0 .2 5 0.5 1 3 26 25 24 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 12 0 .8 8 [ −1 .0 9, 2 .8 6] −0 .0 7 [ −1 .8 9, 1 .7 5] 3 .2 7 [ 0 .6 1, 5 .9 4] 2 .4 8 [ 0 .4 9, 4 .4 6] −0 .1 5 [ −1 .8 6, 1 .5 6] −1 .3 6 [ −3 .0 9, 0 .3 7] 1 .0 9 [ −0 .5 6, 2 .7 5] −1 .6 5 [ −3 .7 4, 0 .4 4] −2 .6 4 [ −4 .5 3, −0 .75 ] 0 .7 9 [ −1 .6 3, 3 .2 0] −0 .4 0 [ −1 .6 9, 0 .8 9] −0 .4 2 [ −1 .7 4, 0 .9 0] −0 .4 5 [ −2 .1 6, 1 .2 7] −0 .0 1 [ −0 .7 8, 0 .7 7] Low −hi gh R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] NA [NA , NA] −0 .5 0 [ −1 .3 3, 0 .3 3] 1.1 0 [ −0 .1 6, 2 .3 5] (Q = 0 .38, p = 0 .98) (Q = 7 .99, p = 0 .09) (Q = 27 .7 8, p = 0 .0 1) O ver al l −4 −1 −0 .2 5 0.5 1 3 25 24 23 21 20 19 18 17 15 14 13 12 −0 .0 9 [ −1 .9 6, 1 .7 1 .3 0 [ −1 .2 3, 3 .8 0 .0 9 [ −1 .4 7, 1 .6 −0 .5 3 [ −1 .9 0, 0 .8 −0 .4 8 [ −1 .8 5, 0 .9 0 .7 7 [ −0 .8 1, 2 .3 0 .2 1 [ −1 .7 0, 2 .1 −2 .9 9 [ −4 .8 1, −1 .17 −0 .9 9 [ −2 .6 4, 0 .6 −1 .6 8 [ −3 .6 4, 0 .2 0 .6 9 [ −1 .1 8, 2 .5 −0 .8 1 [ −2 .6 6, 1 .0 −0 .4 1 [ −1 .0 0, 0 .1 H igh− low R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] NA [NA , NA] −0 .5 0 [ −1 .3 3, 0 .3 3] −0 .0 5 [ −0 .9 0, 0 .8 0] (Q = 0 .38, p = 0 .98) (Q = 1 .60, p = 0 .66) (Q = 16 .2 0, p = 0 .1 3) S2.2 C ontinued .

(13)

O ver al l −0 .7 5 −0 .1 0 0.1 0.3 0.7 5 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 .0 2 [ −0 .6 7, 0 .7 1] −0 .0 8 [ −0 .7 6, 0 .6 0] 0 .2 2 [ −0 .5 3, 0 .9 7] 0 .0 1 [ −0 .5 3, 0 .5 6] −0 .0 7 [ −0 .7 5, 0 .6 0] −0 .0 0 [ −0 .4 6, 0 .4 5] −0 .0 0 [ −0 .3 5, 0 .3 5] 0 .0 4 [ −0 .3 2, 0 .4 1] −0 .0 5 [ −0 .6 0, 0 .4 9] 0 .0 0 [ −0 .4 4, 0 .4 5] 0 .1 3 [ −0 .3 9, 0 .6 6] 0 .0 2 [ −0 .4 3, 0 .4 7] 0 .0 2 [ −0 .4 4, 0 .4 8] 0 .0 9 [ −0 .6 1, 0 .7 8] 0 .0 0 [ −0 .3 9, 0 .4 0] 0 .0 8 [ −0 .3 5, 0 .5 0] 0 .0 4 [ −0 .7 0, 0 .7 7] 0 .0 3 [ −0 .5 3, 0 .5 8] 0 .0 0 [ −0 .3 6, 0 .3 6] 0 .0 5 [ −0 .4 3, 0 .5 3] 0 .0 9 [ −0 .4 8, 0 .6 5] 0 .1 8 [ −0 .3 8, 0 .7 4] −0 .0 0 [ −0 .4 8, 0 .4 8] 0 .0 8 [ −0 .4 5, 0 .6 2] −0 .0 7 [ −0 .5 9, 0 .4 5] −0 .0 4 [ −0 .7 6, 0 .6 8] 0 .0 3 [ −0 .0 7, 0 .1 2] A ge− receiver R eg ul ar S ingl e− G rade Admi ni strati ve M ul ti−G ra de Ped ag ogi ca l M ul ti−Gr ade Es t. [9 5% CI] 0.0 2 [ −0 .1 2, 0 .1 7] 0.0 4 [ −0 .1 2, 0 .1 9] 0.0 1 [ −0 .2 4, 0 .2 5] (Q = 0 .33, p = 1 .00) (Q = 0 .61, p = 1 .00) (Q = 0 .43, p = 0 .99) (Q = 1 .41, p = 1 .00) S2.2 C ontinued .

(14)

S3.1 Visualization of the goodness of fit for each school

S3.2 Overview of the descriptive statistics for each school summarized in Table 3.1

S3.3 Meta-analysis of school-wide victimization networks without controlling for school size

S3.4 Forest plots of results summarized for all schools and for three school types

S3.5 Meta-analysis of school-wide victimization networks with the same model specification

S3.6 Relative contribution of effects contributing to peer victimization

(15)

S3 .1 R es ul ts of g oo dn ess of fi t st ati sti cs fo r e ac h sc ho ol n etw or k mo de l. Sc ho ol Outde gr ee d istr ib ut io n Ind egr ee d ist rib ut io n Ge ode sic d ista nc e Tr iad ce ns us 1 2 Fit on Out−Deg S1 Sttistic ● 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 p: 0.63 ● ● 157 ● 10 ●2 ●5 ● ● 0 Fit on In−Deg S1 Statistic ● 3 ● 0 1 2 3 4 5 p: 0.203 ●140 27 ●9 ●2 ● 1 Fit on Geo−Dis S1 3 p: 0.318 Statistic 1 2 4 5 ● ● ● ●● ● ●262 ● 196 ●172 140 154 Fit on T ri−Ce n S1 Statistic (centered and s caled) ● ● ● ●23 6 ●919 003 012 102 021 D 021 U 021 C 111 D 111 U 030 T 03 0C 201 120 D 120 U 120 C 210 p: 0.592 300 ●●3 ● ● 5875 0 ● ● 11 4●48 ● 11 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fit on Out−Deg S2 Statistic ● ● ● ● 123 0 1 2 3 4 5 p: 0.199 ● 8 ● 3 ●7 ●6 35 Fit on In−Deg S2 Statistic ● ● ● ● 111 ● 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 p: 0.528 ●21 ● 12 ● 3 35 Fit on Geo−Dis S2 3 p: 0.069 Statistic 1 2 4 5 ● ● ● ● 298 ●806 ● 1034 ●1008 ● 976 Fit on T ri−Ce n S2 Statistic (centered and s caled) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 24 6 ●●50 1 62 1 ● 01 003 012 102 021 D 021 U 021 C 111 D 111 U 030 T 03 0C 201 120 D 120 U 120 C 210 p: 0.869 300 ●0 ●1 ● ● ● 41 7●228 ●138 ●83 ● 5 ● 28 ●22 ● 0 ● 3 ●0 ●0 ●0 S3 .1 R es ul ts of g oo dn ess of fi t st ati sti cs fo r e ac h sc ho ol n etw or k mo de l. Sc ho ol Outde gr ee d istr ib ut io n Ind egr ee d ist rib ut io n Ge ode sic d ista nc e Tr iad ce ns us 1 2 Fit on Out−Deg S1 Sttistic ● 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 p: 0.63 ● ●157 ●10 ● 2 ● 5 ● ● 0 Fit on In−Deg S1 Statistic ● 3 ● 0 1 2 3 4 5 p: 0.203 ● 140 27 ● 9 ● 2 ●1 Fit on Geo−Dis S1 3 p: 0.318 Statistic 1 2 4 5 ● ● ● ●● ● ●262 ● 196 ● 172 140 154 Fit on T ri−Ce n S1 Statistic (centered and s caled) ● ● ● ●23 6 ●919 003 012 102 021 D 021 U 021 C 111 D 111 U 030 T 03 0C 201 120 D 120 U 120 C 210 p: 0.592 300 ●●3 ● ● 5875 0 ● ● 11 4●48 ●11 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fit on Out−Deg S2 Statistic ● ● ● ●123 0 1 2 3 4 5 p: 0.199 ● 8 ● 3 ● 7 ● 6 35 Fit on In−Deg S2 Statistic ● ● ● ●111 ●0 0 1 2 3 4 5 p: 0.528 ●21 ●12 ● 3 35 Fit on Geo−Dis S2 3 p: 0.069 Statistic 1 2 4 5 ● ● ● ● 298 ● 806 ●1034 ● 1008 ●976 Fit on T ri−Ce n S2 Statistic (centered and s caled) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 24 6 ●●501 621 ● 01 003 012 102 021 D 021 U 021 C 111 D 111 U 030 T 03 0C 201 120 D 120 U 120 C 210 p: 0.869 300 ● 0 ● 1 ● ● ●41 7 ●228 ● 138 ● 83 ●5 ●28 ● 22 ● 0 ● 3 ● 0 ● 0 ● 0 S3.1

Results of goodness of fit statistics f

or each school net

S3.2 O ver vie w of the descr iptiv e statistics summar iz ed in Table 3.2. Stable (schools 1 t o 8) Unstable administr ativ e-gr ade (schools 9 t o 26) School 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total siz e a 91 93 110 118 172 204 206 209 36 38 40 51 53 54 56 64 A v. grade T1 b 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 2.6 4.1 2.9 3.4 3.1 A ge (in y ears) T1 9.7 9.7 9.6 9.8 9.6 9.6 9.8 9.6 9.7 9.4 9.3 8.9 10.3 8.9 9.4 9.4 Bo ys 45% 48% 47% 49% 51% 50% 59% 47% 56% 58% 45% 53% 43% 48% 54% 50% A v. deg ree c T1 1.6 1.5 0.9 2.2 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.7 0.8 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.2 1.1 A v. deg ree c T3 0.6 1.3 0.6 1.1 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.6 0.6 0.9 0.5 1.9 0.6 0.3 A v. deg ree c T5 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.5 2.1 1.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.2 1.4 0.6 Respondents joining school T3 2 1 5 9 5 1 9 8 1 5 3 1 1 0 1 4 joining school T5 2 0 1 2 0 4 9 12 0 6 0 1 0 1 1 1 joining class T3 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 joining class T5 1 0 2 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lea ving school T3 6 3 4 3 4 13 1 12 4 9 8 0 2 8 0 3 lea ving school T5 23 14 22 39 59 51 60 55 12 5 8 6 18 7 17 17 sta ying school T3 81 89 100 104 163 186 187 177 31 18 29 49 50 45 54 56 sta ying school T5 60 76 83 74 109 136 136 130 20 18 24 44 33 38 38 43 Stabilit y rat e d T1-T3 80% 74% 85% 72% 90% 78% 86% 77% 46% 33% 56% 45% 92% 46% 51% 83% Stabilit y rat e d T3-T5 86% 95% 90% 90% 85% 89% 82% 76% 42% 25% 66% 91% 60% 49% 45% 48% O verall stabilit y T1-T5 83% 84% 88% 81% 88% 84% 84% 76% 44% 29% 61% 68% 76% 48% 48% 66%

(27)

Unstable administr ativ e-gr ade (schools 9 t o 26) Unstable pedagog ical multig rade (schools 27 t o 31) School 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Total siz e a 71 74 75 76 78 80 122 144 155 169 63 73 88 115 276 A v. grade T1 b 3.4 3.6 3.5 2.6 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.6 2.3 3.5 3.0 3.6 3.3 A ge (in y ears) T1 9.7 9.2 9.7 8.7 9.5 9.8 9.5 9.7 9.4 9.8 8.7 9.5 9.2 10.1 9.2 Bo ys 63% 61% 39% 42% 53% 46% 51% 56% 51% 47% 46% 37% 55% 48% 48% A v. deg ree c T1 1.5 1.3 2.5 2.3 1.2 0.9 3.5 0.8 1.1 1.7 2.0 0.6 0.9 2.1 1.2 A v. deg ree c T3 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.4 2.0 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.6 0.6 0.9 2.0 1.5 A v. deg ree c T5 0.8 1.2 1.3 3.0 1.3 0.3 1.7 1.0 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.2 1.2 Respondents joining school T3 1 2 4 0 4 0 2 5 4 5 2 5 7 1 6 joining school T5 3 1 6 0 3 2 3 4 7 3 7 8 14 8 9 joining class T3 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 5 2 2 0 0 0 7 9 joining class T5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 9 2 lea ving school T3 8 14 11 2 15 2 0 7 11 2 9 16 19 24 40 lea ving school T5 16 15 13 18 16 21 39 35 34 41 9 15 7 26 54 sta ying school T3 59 57 54 74 56 76 117 128 133 159 45 44 48 82 221 sta ying school T5 44 44 45 56 44 55 80 98 103 123 38 34 48 57 173 Stabilit y rat e d T1-T3 47% 53% 48% 68% 54% 61% 93% 54% 80% 68% 46% 40% 37% 59% 40% Stabilit y rat e d T3-T5 43% 44% 39% 62% 66% 69% 45% 40% 68% 62% 51% 31% 58% 51% 28% O verall stabilit y T1-T5 45% 48% 44% 65% 60% 65% 69% 47% 74% 65% 48% 36% 48% 55% 34% Not es . aTotal siz e contains the t

otal number of students in a par

ticular school acr

oss all thr ee time points ( T1, T3, and T5). This in volv

es all missing cases

, joining , lea ving , and sta ying . bGrade ranged fr om 2 t o 5 at T1 (sa ve ex ceptions due t o combination g roups). cA verage deg ree is the a

verage number of bully nominations sent per student in a

par

ticular school

. T

his is calculat

ed among the students

who w

er

e par

t of the school at the da

y of the data collec

tion and who filled out the questionnair

e. dThe stabilit rat e sho ws the a verage scor

e per school acr

oss all students who w

er

e par

t of the school at the da

y of the data collec

tion (a visual plot is sho

wn in F igur e 3.2 in Chapt er 3). S3.2 Continued .

(28)

Supplemen

ts

S3.3 Meta-analysis of school-wide victimization networks (31 schools, 3,254 students) – results for all

schools and the three different school types without controlling for effects of school sizea

All

schools Intercept (stable) administrative Unstable

multigrade

Unstable pedagogical

multigrade

Est. SE Est. SE Est. SE Est. SE

Rate effects Network rate w1-w3 18.53*** 1.34† _22.10*** _2.38† _-4.14 _2.96 _-7.73* _3.83 Network rate w3-w5 18.37*** 2.35† _22.68*** _4.23† _-8.14 _5.30 _-0.42 _6.87 Network effects Density -3.88*** .29† _-5.38*** _.43† _2.10*** _.52 _2.35** _.73 Isolates -4.06*** .18† _-4.74*** _.31 _.99** _.37 _.65 _.51 Sex effects

Sex(boy) alter .40*** .08 .40** .12 -.06 .17 .19 .26

Sex(boy) ego -.18*** .08 -.16 .12 -.03 .16 -.02 .25

Same sex .28*** .08 .22+ .13 .18 .17 -.19 .26 Individual effects Newcomer ego .16 .11 -.07 .19 .38 .25 32 .37 Grade effects Gradealter .15** .06 .22* .10 -.09 .13 -.10 .17 Grade ego -.15** .05 -.21* .10 .11 .13 .003 .17 Same grade 1.13*** .11† _1.40*** _.17 _-.30 _.22 _-.81** _.28 Classroom effects

Same class now .03 .11 .38* .19 -.57* .24 -.32 .34

Same class before .02 .09 .005 .14 -.02 .19 .19 .28

Number of schools 31 8 18 5

Number of students 3,254 1,203 1,436 615

Notes. +p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. †_{Significant differences between schools. In some (smaller) schools,}

rate parameters were unreasonably high because there were few or no stable ties from one time point to the next.

As a possible solution, the rate parameters were fixed at the observed value (see Ripley et al., 2019). a_{The model}

specification consisted out all the effects reported in Table 3.1 in Chapter 3 (effect of time not reported, which was included to stabilize the estimation process). As can be seen, the results were substantially similar in terms of effect estimates as those reported in Table 3.4 in Chapter 3, but there was an additional effect of school size for the same class now and same class before effects. Apparently, these effects are found more in the larger schools compared to the smaller schools.

(29)

S3 .4 F or est p lo ts of re su lts of se pa ra te sch oo ls su mm ar ize d ac ro ss all sc ho ol s a nd p er sc ho ol ty pe O ver al l 5 10 15 25 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 .21 [1 5.35 , 2 3.0 6] 21 .45 [1 6.92 , 2 5.9 8] 13 .76 [ 8 .78 , 1 8.74 ] 4 .4 5 [ 1 .4 3, 7 .4 7] 13 .51 [ 9 .58 , 1 7.44 ] 29 .18 [2 5.29 , 3 3.0 7] 13 .72 [1 0.15 , 1 7.3 0] 15 .62 [1 1.87 , 1 9.3 6] 20 .65 [1 7.01 , 2 4.2 9] 16 .30 [1 1.00 , 2 1.6 0] 17 .90 [1 3.56 , 2 2.2 4] 34 .30 [2 6.25 , 4 2.3 5] 14 .47 [ 9 .12 , 1 9.81 ] 11 .82 [ 8 .53 , 1 5.11 ] 10 .60 [ 6 .82 , 1 4.38 ] 30 .10 [2 2.93 , 3 7.2 8] 4 .3 0 [ 1 .9 5, 6 .6 5] 10 .59 [ 6 .92 , 1 4.26 ] 25 .00 [1 8.32 , 3 1.6 8] 23 .10 [1 7.00 , 2 9.2 0] 20 .26 [1 6.76 , 2 3.7 6] 25 .23 [2 0.77 , 2 9.6 8] 22 .09 [1 8.36 , 2 5.8 2] 21 .69 [1 8.40 , 2 4.9 8] 25 .18 [2 1.03 , 2 9.3 3] 21 .36 [1 5.71 , 2 7.0 0] 17 .07 [1 3.32 , 2 0.8 3] 24 .21 [1 9.01 , 2 9.4 1] 18 .53 [1 5.90 , 2 1.1 6] Rat e Pe riod 1 Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] 21 .94 [1 9.98 , 2 3.9 0] 18 .12 [1 3.96 , 2 2.2 8] 14 .37 [8 .48 , 2 0.26 ] (Q = 12 .5 3, p = 0 .0 8) (Q = 21 0.6 9, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 54 .2 3, p = 0 .0 0) O ver al l 5 10 15 25 40 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 16 15 14 13 12 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 53 .78 [4 5.11 , 6 2.4 4] 16 .89 [1 1.01 , 2 2.7 7] 16 .24 [1 1.30 , 2 1.1 8] 8 .5 3 [ 3 .9 2, 13 .15 18 .46 [1 2.74 , 2 4.1 8] 31 .99 [2 6.55 , 3 7.4 4] 3 .9 5 [ 2 .0 5, 5 .8 5] 14 .77 [1 0.85 , 1 8.7 0] 22 .67 [1 7.39 , 2 7.9 5] 8 .1 1 [ 4 .3 9, 11 .84 20 .74 [1 5.31 , 2 6.1 7] 39 .47 [3 2.48 , 4 6.4 6] 7 .3 9 [ 4 .2 6, 10 .52 11 .73 [ 6 .50 , 1 6.97 13 .24 [ 6 .47 , 2 0.01 8 .1 6 [ 5 .0 9, 11 .23 7 .2 8 [ 3 .7 5, 10 .82 7 .7 0 [ 2 .3 5, 13 .04 8 .7 8 [ 5 .0 1, 12 .54 13 .35 [1 0.30 , 1 6.3 9] 18 .23 [1 3.98 , 2 2.4 9] 49 .17 [4 1.77 , 5 6.5 8] 28 .54 [2 4.13 , 3 2.9 4] 23 .04 [1 8.41 , 2 7.6 7] 17 .73 [1 2.59 , 2 2.8 6] 10 .72 [ 7 .69 , 1 3.75 22 .64 [1 6.15 , 2 9.1 3] 18 .37 [1 3.77 , 2 2.9 7] Rat e Pe riod 2 Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] 22 .67 [1 4.59 , 3 0.7 5] 14 .48 [9 .14 , 1 9.82 ] 22 .52 [7 .30 , 3 7.74 ] (Q = 12 7.5 5, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 22 2.3 5, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 82 .2 5, p = 0 .0 0) S3 .4 F or est p lo ts of re su lts of se pa ra te sch oo ls su mm ar ize d ac ro ss all sc ho ol s a nd p er sc ho ol ty pe O ver al l 5 10 15 25 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 .21 [1 5.35 , 2 3.0 6] 21 .45 [1 6.92 , 2 5.9 8] 13 .76 [ 8 .78 , 1 8.74 ] 4 .4 5 [ 1 .4 3, 7 .4 7] 13 .51 [ 9 .58 , 1 7.44 ] 29 .18 [2 5.29 , 3 3.0 7] 13 .72 [1 0.15 , 1 7.3 0] 15 .62 [1 1.87 , 1 9.3 6] 20 .65 [1 7.01 , 2 4.2 9] 16 .30 [1 1.00 , 2 1.6 0] 17 .90 [1 3.56 , 2 2.2 4] 34 .30 [2 6.25 , 4 2.3 5] 14 .47 [ 9 .12 , 1 9.81 ] 11 .82 [ 8 .53 , 1 5.11 ] 10 .60 [ 6 .82 , 1 4.38 ] 30 .10 [2 2.93 , 3 7.2 8] 4 .3 0 [ 1 .9 5, 6 .6 5] 10 .59 [ 6 .92 , 1 4.26 ] 25 .00 [1 8.32 , 3 1.6 8] 23 .10 [1 7.00 , 2 9.2 0] 20 .26 [1 6.76 , 2 3.7 6] 25 .23 [2 0.77 , 2 9.6 8] 22 .09 [1 8.36 , 2 5.8 2] 21 .69 [1 8.40 , 2 4.9 8] 25 .18 [2 1.03 , 2 9.3 3] 21 .36 [1 5.71 , 2 7.0 0] 17 .07 [1 3.32 , 2 0.8 3] 24 .21 [1 9.01 , 2 9.4 1] 18 .53 [1 5.90 , 2 1.1 6] Rat e Pe riod 1 Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] 21 .94 [1 9.98 , 2 3.9 0] 18 .12 [1 3.96 , 2 2.2 8] 14 .37 [8 .48 , 2 0.26 ] (Q = 12 .5 3, p = 0 .0 8) (Q = 21 0.6 9, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 54 .2 3, p = 0 .0 0) O ver al l 5 10 15 25 40 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 16 15 14 13 12 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 53 .78 [4 5.11 , 6 2.4 4] 16 .89 [1 1.01 , 2 2.7 7] 16 .24 [1 1.30 , 2 1.1 8] 8 .5 3 [ 3 .9 2, 13 .15 18 .46 [1 2.74 , 2 4.1 8] 31 .99 [2 6.55 , 3 7.4 4] 3 .9 5 [ 2 .0 5, 5 .8 5] 14 .77 [1 0.85 , 1 8.7 0] 22 .67 [1 7.39 , 2 7.9 5] 8 .1 1 [ 4 .3 9, 11 .84 20 .74 [1 5.31 , 2 6.1 7] 39 .47 [3 2.48 , 4 6.4 6] 7 .3 9 [ 4 .2 6, 10 .52 11 .73 [ 6 .50 , 1 6.97 13 .24 [ 6 .47 , 2 0.01 8 .1 6 [ 5 .0 9, 11 .23 7 .2 8 [ 3 .7 5, 10 .82 7 .7 0 [ 2 .3 5, 13 .04 8 .7 8 [ 5 .0 1, 12 .54 13 .35 [1 0.30 , 1 6.3 9] 18 .23 [1 3.98 , 2 2.4 9] 49 .17 [4 1.77 , 5 6.5 8] 28 .54 [2 4.13 , 3 2.9 4] 23 .04 [1 8.41 , 2 7.6 7] 17 .73 [1 2.59 , 2 2.8 6] 10 .72 [ 7 .69 , 1 3.75 22 .64 [1 6.15 , 2 9.1 3] 18 .37 [1 3.77 , 2 2.9 7] Rat e Pe riod 2 Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] 22 .67 [1 4.59 , 3 0.7 5] 14 .48 [9 .14 , 1 9.82 ] 22 .52 [7 .30 , 3 7.74 ] (Q = 12 7.5 5, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 22 2.3 5, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 82 .2 5, p = 0 .0 0) S3.4 F or est plots of r esults of separat e schools summar iz ed acr

oss all schools and per school t

ype

(30)

Supplemen

ts

O ver al l −8 −5 −2 .5 −1 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 −5 .4 4 [ −7 .0 3, −3 .8 5] −4 .0 5 [ −6 .0 4, −2 .0 6] −1 .3 7 [ −2 .5 1, −0 .2 2] −1 .5 4 [ −2 .7 1, −0 .3 6] −4 .9 0 [ −8 .7 0, −1 .1 1] −4 .6 1 [ −5 .7 3, −3 .5 0] −5 .5 9 [ −7 .2 0, −3 .9 9] −2 .9 1 [ −3 .8 6, −1 .9 6] −3 .4 5 [ −4 .4 2, −2 .4 9] −2 .1 8 [ −3 .4 8, −0 .8 7] −2 .2 2 [ −3 .2 6, −1 .1 9] −3 .8 6 [ −5 .1 9, −2 .5 3] −5 .1 0 [ −7 .1 0, −3 .1 0] −3 .6 9 [ −5 .1 3, −2 .2 4] −1 .7 7 [ −2 .8 4, −0 .7 0] −6 .7 7 [ −1 0.7 3, −2.8 0] −3 .0 4 [ −5 .0 0, −1 .0 8] −3 .6 9 [ −5 .1 8, −2 .2 0] −3 .4 9 [ −5 .1 1, −1 .8 7] −3 .7 7 [ −7 .2 4, −0 .3 0] −4 .0 3 [ −7 .7 6, −0 .2 9] −1 .2 5 [ −2 .5 0, 0 .0 0] −2 .1 0 [ −3 .3 5, −0 .8 4] −6 .0 1 [ −7 .2 6, −4 .7 6] −5 .5 0 [ −6 .8 3, −4 .1 7] −5 .3 8 [ −6 .4 3, −4 .3 2] −5 .7 6 [ −6 .8 7, −4 .6 5] −4 .3 9 [ −5 .7 7, −3 .0 1] −5 .8 4 [ −7 .7 4, −3 .9 5] −5 .8 9 [ −7 .5 3, −4 .2 4] −4 .3 1 [ −5 .7 3, −2 .8 9] −3 .8 8 [ −4 .4 5, −3 .3 1] Dens ity Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] −5 .3 9 [ −5 .8 6, −4 .92 ] −3 .2 8 [ −3 .8 7, −2 .68 ] −3 .2 3 [ −5 .0 0, −1 .46 ] (Q = 6 .23, p = 0 .51) (Q = 48 .6 4, p = 0 .0 0) (Q = 23 .2 7, p = 0 .0 0) O ver al l −8 −5 −2 .5 −1 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 −4 .2 3 [ −6 .0 4, −2 .42 ] −3 .2 6 [ −5 .3 1, −1 .21 ] −5 .0 6 [ −6 .5 6, −3 .55 ] −3 .9 5 [ −5 .4 3, −2 .47 ] −3 .5 5 [ −5 .1 9, −1 .90 ] −4 .5 0 [ −5 .8 9, −3 .11 ] −3 .9 1 [ −5 .1 3, −2 .68 ] −3 .7 9 [ −4 .7 8, −2 .79 ] −3 .2 7 [ −4 .3 3, −2 .21 ] −4 .6 8 [ −6 .7 0, −2 .67 ] −4 .1 9 [ −5 .5 1, −2 .86 ] −1 .7 3 [ −3 .2 5, −0 .22 ] −3 .8 1 [ −5 .1 3, −2 .49 ] −2 .4 2 [ −4 .1 0, −0 .74 ] −5 .9 4 [ −8 .5 9, −3 .29 ] −5 .2 0 [ −7 .1 6, −3 .24 ] −3 .6 4 [ −4 .9 8, −2 .30 ] −2 .6 8 [ −4 .4 4, −0 .91 ] −4 .0 6 [ −5 .7 5, −2 .38 ] −3 .4 3 [ −5 .7 2, −1 .14 ] −3 .9 1 [ −5 .8 1, −2 .01 ] −3 .5 2 [ −5 .2 8, −1 .77 ] −4 .6 5 [ −6 .4 3, −2 .88 ] −5 .4 1 [ −6 .8 1, −4 .01 ] −4 .3 3 [ −5 .8 1, −2 .84 ] −5 .6 4 [ −7 .2 4, −4 .04 ] −5 .9 2 [ −7 .6 2, −4 .22 ] −5 .0 3 [ −6 .7 2, −3 .33 ] −4 .5 2 [ −6 .5 0, −2 .53 ] −2 .2 8 [ −3 .9 2, −0 .64 ] −4 .6 7 [ −5 .9 6, −3 .38 ] −4 .0 6 [ −4 .4 0, −3 .71 ] Isolat es Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] −4 .7 3 [ −5 .5 0, −3 .97 ] −3 .7 3 [ −4 .0 9, −3 .38 ] −4 .0 9 [ −4 .8 4, −3 .35 ] (Q = 13 .0 9, p = 0 .0 7) (Q = 19 .9 0, p = 0 .2 8) (Q = 2 .70, p = 0 .61) S3.4 C ontinued .

(31)

O ver al l −1 .5 0 0.5 1.5 3.5 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 .6 3 [ −0 .0 8, 1 .3 4] 0 .5 4 [ −0 .3 0, 1 .3 8] 0 .4 0 [ −0 .7 0, 1 .4 9] 0 .5 9 [ −0 .5 1, 1 .6 8] 3 .3 0 [ −0 .5 1, 7 .1 1] 0 .3 8 [ −0 .1 8, 0 .9 4] 1 .3 0 [ −0 .1 6, 2 .7 5] 0 .5 2 [ −0 .3 2, 1 .3 5] 0 .3 4 [ −0 .3 7, 1 .0 4] 0 .3 8 [ −0 .6 0, 1 .3 5] 1 .0 0 [ −0 .0 2, 2 .0 2] 0 .2 1 [ −0 .4 6, 0 .8 8] 0 .4 1 [ −0 .4 5, 1 .2 6] 0 .0 8 [ −0 .9 3, 1 .1 0] −0 .2 1 [ −0 .9 7, 0 .5 5] 2 .8 2 [ −0 .5 7, 6 .2 2] 0 .0 5 [ −0 .8 2, 0 .9 3] 0 .5 9 [ −0 .5 5, 1 .7 2] 0 .2 9 [ −0 .7 7, 1 .3 4] 2 .7 9 [ −0 .6 8, 6 .2 7] 2 .5 4 [ −1 .2 1, 6 .2 9] −0 .8 6 [ −2 .0 7, 0 .3 6] 1 .0 8 [ −0 .1 4, 2 .3 1] 0 .1 6 [ −0 .4 5, 0 .7 8] 0 .0 9 [ −0 .5 3, 0 .7 0] 0 .6 5 [ 0 .0 5, 1.2 5] 0 .3 2 [ −0 .2 3, 0 .8 8] 0 .2 7 [ −0 .3 4, 0 .8 8] 1 .1 5 [ −0 .0 0, 2 .3 1] 0 .8 4 [ −0 .0 9, 1 .7 7] 0 .6 8 [ −0 .2 4, 1 .6 1] 0 .4 0 [ 0 .2 5, 0.5 5] G end er Al ter Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] 0.4 0 [ 0.1 6, 0.6 5] 0.3 5 [ 0.1 2, 0.5 7] 0.6 0 [ 0.1 6, 1.0 4] (Q = 5 .36, p = 0 .62) (Q = 16 .8 7, p = 0 .4 6) (Q = 2 .08, p = 0 .72) O ver al l −2 .7 5 −1 −0 .5 0 0.5 1.5 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 −0 .3 3 [ −0 .9 5, 0 .3 −0 .0 4 [ −0 .9 4, 0 .8 −0 .1 2 [ −1 .2 5, 1 .0 0 .1 0 [ −0 .9 3, 1 .1 −2 .0 6 [ −5 .7 9, 1 .6 −0 .0 8 [ −0 .5 7, 0 .4 −1 .0 1 [ −2 .4 5, 0 .4 −0 .4 9 [ −1 .3 1, 0 .3 −0 .1 2 [ −0 .8 0, 0 .5 −0 .2 5 [ −1 .1 7, 0 .6 −0 .4 1 [ −1 .3 8, 0 .5 −0 .0 9 [ −0 .7 0, 0 .5 −0 .1 4 [ −0 .9 3, 0 .6 0 .1 9 [ −0 .8 3, 1 .2 −0 .1 0 [ −0 .8 8, 0 .6 −2 .2 5 [ −5 .6 3, 1 .1 −0 .3 8 [ −1 .3 3, 0 .5 −0 .2 3 [ −1 .3 7, 0 .9 −0 .0 7 [ −1 .0 3, 0 .8 −2 .3 4 [ −5 .8 1, 1 .1 −1 .7 0 [ −5 .4 1, 2 .0 0 .2 0 [ −0 .9 1, 1 .3 −0 .3 5 [ −1 .5 6, 0 .8 −0 .1 0 [ −0 .6 6, 0 .4 −0 .0 8 [ −0 .6 7, 0 .5 −0 .1 0 [ −0 .7 0, 0 .5 0 .0 1 [ −0 .5 0, 0 .5 −0 .2 2 [ −0 .7 9, 0 .3 −0 .7 8 [ −1 .9 1, 0 .3 −0 .6 7 [ −1 .6 0, 0 .2 −0 .1 6 [ −1 .0 3, 0 .7 −0 .1 8 [ −0 .3 3, −0 .03 G end er Ego Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] −0 .1 6 [ −0 .3 9, 0 .0 7] −0 .1 9 [ −0 .4 1, 0 .0 2] −0 .1 8 [ −0 .6 1, 0 .2 4] (Q = 2 .90, p = 0 .89) (Q = 7 .20, p = 0 .98) (Q = 1 .58, p = 0 .81) S3.4 C ontinued .

(32)

Supplemen

ts

O ver al l −1 −0 .5 0 0.5 1 2 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 .2 8 [ −0 .4 0, 0 .9 7] 0 .0 9 [ −0 .8 8, 1 .0 5] −0 .5 9 [ −1 .6 9, 0 .5 0] −0 .2 2 [ −1 .3 3, 0 .8 9] 1 .5 7 [ −2 .1 7, 5 .3 1] 0 .2 6 [ −0 .3 1, 0 .8 3] 1 .3 4 [ −0 .1 1, 2 .7 8] 0 .8 9 [ 0 .0 2, 1.7 5] 0 .2 5 [ −0 .3 9, 0 .8 9] 0 .1 3 [ −0 .8 9, 1 .1 4] 0 .7 3 [ −0 .2 9, 1 .7 5] 0 .0 9 [ −0 .6 1, 0 .7 9] 0 .3 0 [ −0 .6 2, 1 .2 2] 0 .3 9 [ −0 .6 9, 1 .4 7] 0 .0 5 [ −0 .7 5, 0 .8 4] 3 .0 5 [ −0 .3 5, 6 .4 5] 0 .5 7 [ −0 .3 7, 1 .5 1] 0 .2 2 [ −0 .9 0, 1 .3 4] 0 .6 7 [ −0 .4 4, 1 .7 7] 2 .1 2 [ −1 .3 5, 5 .5 9] 1 .9 3 [ −1 .7 9, 5 .6 6] 0 .1 8 [ −1 .0 3, 1 .4 0] 1 .0 6 [ −0 .1 7, 2 .2 9] 0 .3 7 [ −0 .2 5, 0 .9 9] 0 .4 1 [ −0 .2 4, 1 .0 5] −0 .0 8 [ −0 .6 7, 0 .5 1] −0 .1 2 [ −0 .6 8, 0 .4 3] 0 .2 6 [ −0 .3 8, 0 .9 1] 1 .0 0 [ −0 .1 3, 2 .1 3] 0 .6 5 [ −0 .2 9, 1 .5 8] 0 .1 7 [ −0 .7 5, 1 .1 0] 0 .2 8 [ 0 .1 3, 0.4 4] Sa m e G end er Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] 0.2 2 [ −0 .0 3, 0 .4 7] 0.4 0 [ 0.1 8, 0.6 3] 0.0 3 [ −0 .4 2, 0 .4 8] (Q = 5 .65, p = 0 .58) (Q = 11 .0 8, p = 0 .8 5) (Q = 2 .65, p = 0 .62) O ver al l −1 −0 .5 0 0.5 1.5 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 .1 2 [ −0 .3 2, 0 .5 7] 0 .1 8 [ −0 .4 4, 0 .7 9] 0 .1 1 [ −0 .5 8, 0 .8 0] −0 .0 7 [ −0 .8 1, 0 .6 7] 0 .1 9 [ −0 .4 0, 0 .7 8] 0 .0 5 [ −0 .3 7, 0 .4 6] 0 .1 3 [ −0 .4 7, 0 .7 2] 0 .2 5 [ −0 .3 2, 0 .8 2] 0 .2 1 [ −0 .2 8, 0 .6 9] −0 .0 4 [ −0 .7 3, 0 .6 5] −0 .1 3 [ −0 .7 8, 0 .5 1] −0 .0 3 [ −0 .4 9, 0 .4 3] 0 .0 9 [ −0 .4 8, 0 .6 6] 0 .0 9 [ −0 .5 5, 0 .7 3] 0 .1 9 [ −0 .3 5, 0 .7 3] 1 .3 5 [ −0 .5 5, 3 .2 6] 0 .1 4 [ −0 .5 2, 0 .8 0] 0 .2 8 [ −0 .4 3, 0 .9 8] 0 .5 8 [ −0 .4 9, 1 .6 5] 0 .5 0 [ −0 .2 7, 1 .2 7] 0 .1 0 [ −0 .7 4, 0 .9 4] 0 .1 5 [ −0 .6 5, 0 .9 5] 0 .0 2 [ −0 .6 7, 0 .7 2] 0 .2 1 [ −0 .3 1, 0 .7 2] 0 .2 0 [ −0 .3 2, 0 .7 2] 0 .1 4 [ −0 .4 5, 0 .7 2] 0 .1 4 [ −0 .3 1, 0 .5 9] 0 .2 0 [ −0 .2 7, 0 .6 7] 0 .5 8 [ −0 .2 1, 1 .3 6] 0 .2 8 [ −0 .4 0, 0 .9 6] 0 .2 6 [ −0 .5 1, 1 .0 4] 0 .1 5 [ 0 .0 4, 0.2 6] G rade Al ter Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] 0.2 2 [ 0.0 2, 0.4 2] 0.1 3 [ −0 .0 2, 0 .2 7] 0.1 2 [ −0 .1 4, 0 .3 8] (Q = 1 .04, p = 0 .99) (Q = 5 .26, p = 1 .00) (Q = 0 .35, p = 0 .99) S3.4 C ontinued .

(33)

O ver al l −1 .5 −0 .5 0 0.5 1 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 −0 .1 4 [ −0 .5 4, 0 .2 6] −0 .4 2 [ −1 .2 2, 0 .3 9] −0 .5 0 [ −1 .3 1, 0 .3 2] −0 .1 7 [ −0 .8 9, 0 .5 5] −0 .0 8 [ −0 .7 3, 0 .5 8] −0 .1 4 [ −0 .5 3, 0 .2 6] −0 .1 2 [ −0 .6 9, 0 .4 5] −0 .2 5 [ −0 .8 5, 0 .3 6] −0 .1 8 [ −0 .6 1, 0 .2 5] −0 .0 3 [ −0 .7 8, 0 .7 3] −0 .0 4 [ −0 .5 8, 0 .4 9] −0 .0 8 [ −0 .4 9, 0 .3 3] −0 .1 9 [ −0 .7 7, 0 .3 8] −0 .0 9 [ −0 .7 5, 0 .5 7] 0 .0 1 [ −0 .5 6, 0 .5 7] −1 .4 5 [ −3 .2 6, 0 .3 6] 0 .0 3 [ −0 .6 3, 0 .6 9] 0 .0 6 [ −0 .7 3, 0 .8 6] −0 .1 9 [ −1 .1 4, 0 .7 5] −0 .0 6 [ −0 .7 3, 0 .6 2] −0 .5 6 [ −1 .6 6, 0 .5 4] 0 .1 8 [ −0 .5 4, 0 .8 9] 0 .0 6 [ −0 .6 4, 0 .7 7] −0 .1 2 [ −0 .6 2, 0 .3 8] −0 .2 3 [ −0 .7 5, 0 .3 0] −0 .1 7 [ −0 .7 5, 0 .4 1] −0 .1 8 [ −0 .6 4, 0 .2 8] −0 .1 9 [ −0 .6 5, 0 .2 8] −0 .4 4 [ −1 .2 3, 0 .3 6] −0 .2 6 [ −0 .9 5, 0 .4 3] −0 .3 2 [ −1 .1 5, 0 .5 1] −0 .1 5 [ −0 .2 5, −0 .04 ] G

rade Ego Sta

bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] −0 .2 1 [ −0 .4 1, −0 .01 ] −0 .1 0 [ −0 .2 4, 0 .0 4] −0 .2 0 [ −0 .4 8, 0 .0 7] (Q = 0 .59, p = 1 .00) (Q = 4 .68, p = 1 .00) (Q = 1 .01, p = 0 .91) O ver al l −1 .5 0 1 2.5 4 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 .5 8 [ −0 .0 8, 1 .2 0 .3 9 [ −0 .5 3, 1 .3 1 .3 3 [ 0 .1 9, 2.4 0 .6 8 [ −0 .6 6, 2 .0 0 .0 6 [ −1 .1 9, 1 .3 0 .7 4 [ 0 .0 7, 1.4 1 .2 8 [ 0 .2 9, 2.2 1 .0 0 [ 0 .2 1, 1.8 1 .1 9 [ 0 .0 3, 2.3 1 .0 5 [ −0 .4 4, 2 .5 0 .7 2 [ −0 .3 8, 1 .8 1 .7 9 [ 0 .5 0, 3.0 1 .4 0 [ 0 .2 9, 2.5 1 .6 0 [ 0 .1 9, 3.0 0 .9 7 [ −0 .3 8, 2 .3 5 .1 9 [ 2 .1 1, 8.2 1 .7 0 [ 0 .4 6, 2.9 2 .8 5 [ 1 .1 8, 4.5 0 .2 8 [ −0 .9 0, 1 .4 1 .6 4 [ 0 .2 0, 3.0 2 .5 4 [ 0 .4 7, 4.6 0 .0 9 [ −1 .2 6, 1 .4 −0 .8 8 [ −2 .5 5, 0 .7 1 .1 3 [ 0 .3 3, 1.9 0 .7 9 [ −0 .0 7, 1 .6 1 .5 8 [ 0 .7 7, 2.4 1 .0 8 [ 0 .3 4, 1.8 1 .2 9 [ 0 .3 0, 2.2 1 .9 8 [ 0 .5 9, 3.3 2 .2 6 [ 1 .1 9, 3.3 2 .5 6 [ 1 .1 8, 3.9 1 .1 3 [ 0 .9 1, 1.3 Sa m e G rade Sta bl e Uns ta bl e Ad m in is tra tiv e M ul ti−Gr ad e Uns ta bl e Pe da go gi ca l M ul ti−G ra de Es t. [9 5% CI] 1.4 2 [ 1.0 6, 1.7 9] 1.1 1 [ 0.8 2, 1.4 0] 0.5 9 [ 0.1 7, 1.0 2] (Q = 9 .18, p = 0 .24) (Q = 27 .3 9, p = 0 .0 5) (Q = 2 .50, p = 0 .65) S3.4 C ontinued .