The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex A Human and economic develop indicators
Annex A
Human and economic develop indicators
Economic indicators 2000 2003 2004
GDP (current US$) 2.6 billion 4.2 billion 4.8 billion
GDP growth (annual %) 1.6 6.5 3.9
GDP per capita (PPP US$) -- 1,1741 1,2002
Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 33.9 31.0 30.8
Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.2 18.9 19.9
Services value added (% of GDP) 49.9 50.1 49.4
Export of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.1 8.5 8.6 Import of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.3 23.4 22.9 Official development assistance and
official aid (current US $) 336.0 million 507.2 million 610.0 million
Human development indicators 2000 2003 2004
Population total 11.3 million 12.4 million 12.8 million.
Population growth (annual %) 2.9 3.2. 3.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national
poverty line (% of population) -- 46.4 --
Life expectancy at birth 46.8 47.7 48.1
Literacy rate, adult total (% of peoples
ages 15 and above) -- -- 21.8
Primary completion rate, total (% of
relevant age group) 25.2 28.2 29.5
School enrolment, primary (% gross) 44.3 48.3 53.0
School enrolment, secondary (% gross) 10.9 12.1 12.1
School enrolment, tertiary (% gross) -- 1.5 --
Surface area (sq. km) 274,000 274,000 274,000
Forest area (sq. km) 69,140 -- 67,940
Agricultural land ( % of land area ) 36.9 39.8 --
Table A1. Economic and human development indicators of Burkina Faso; Source: World development indicators database, Worldbank, April 2006
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex B The co-operative principles
Annex B
The co-operative principles
1st principle: Voluntary and open membership
This principle assumes that co-operative organisations are voluntary organisations and that members are able to use the services provided and are willing to take on the responsibilities of membership. Membership is open in the sense that no discrimination – based on social, racial, political, religious or gender characteristics - of potential members exists.
2nd principle: Democratic member control
This principle defines the way in which members will make decisions. It assumes that members will participate in setting policy and giving broad direction to co-operative activities in which no member has a greater voice than any other member..
3rd principle: Member economic participation
Members of co-operatives are expected to contribute capital equitably and to democratically control the capital of their co-operative. A portion of the co-operative’s capital should be owned collectively by all the members. Surpluses generated by the co-operative should be allocated by members to produce community rather than individual benefits.
4th principle: Autonomy and independence
Co-operatives are autonomous, self-help organisations controlled by their members. If they enter into agreements wit other organisations, including governments, or raise capital from external sources, they do so on terms that ensure democratic control by their members and maintain their co-operative autonomy.
5th principle: Education, training and information
Co-operatives provide education and training for their members, elected representatives, managers, employees so they ca contribute effectively to the development of their co-operatives. They inform the general public about the nature and benefits of co-operation.
6th principle: Co-operation among co-operatives
Co-operatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the co-operative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures.
7th principle: Concern for community
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex C The co-operative law of Burkina Faso
Annex C
The co-operative law of Burkina Faso
FED
FED
UN
UN
GV
GV
CP
CP
CONF
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Figure C1. Producer organizations according to the co-operative law (loi quatorze) of Burkina Faso.
Legenda: P = Producers; GV = Groupement Villageois; CO = Coopérative; UN = Union; FED = Féderation ; CONF = Conféderation ; PO = Producer organization
Producers could be either individual or organized, that is adhered to one or more of the above co-operative organizations.
A groupement and a cooperative are primary co-operative organizations. This means that their direct members are the producers. In the current co-operative law no clear-cut distinction exists between these two co-operative structures. Nevertheless, a general rule of thumb states that most groupements exist on village level and are grouped around one product. Coopératives conversely are more often found in the constructed areas, they are larger in size and scope, that is they are often directed to more than one product or product group. 3
A union is at least a secondary co-operative organisation. That is, a union is not entirely producer-owned and controlled, but also has associated primary co-operatives as institutional members (Thomas, 1982). Unions could have both groupements and coopératives as their members. Unions may exist at the level of departments, provinces, regions or may be national. As a consequence unions as tertiary co-operative organizations may exist as well.
Two or more unions can join together and form a féderation which is at least a tertiary co-operative organisation. On the highest level of co-operation at least two federations form a conféderation.
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex D Sample of mango producers
Annex D Sample of mango producers
Co-operative organisation Interview level Respondent
1. Union UFMB Organisation Mr. Claude Ariste
a. Groupement Dogona Group discussion
(n= 5) Mr. Sanou Dibi Producer (1) Mr. Sanou Kassoum Producer (2) Mr. Konaté Seydou b.Groupement Sangaré Group discussion
(n= 3) Mr. Sangaré c. Coopérative Faso Djigui Organisation Mr. Ouattara
Producer (3) Mr. Barro Sidiki Producer (4) Mme. Coulibaly Sondé Producer (5) Mme. Traoré Coulibaly Producer (6) Mr. Traoré Yssouf Producer (7) Mme. Barro Jeanne Producer (8) Mme. Coulibaly Kadi 2. Association WOUOL Organisation Mr. Traoré Mamadou a. Coopérative SOCABE Organisation/ Group discussion
(n= 4) Mr. Arzen Sorabié Producer (9) Mr. Sombié Brahima Producer (10) Mr. Sombié Diago 3. Féderation FEDAF Organisation Mr. Nana Amadou
a. Union UDPFK Organisation Mr. Nana Amadou
a1. Groupement Djigui
Semen Group discussion (n= 6) Mr. Nana Amidou
Producer (11) Mr. Sanogo Fousseni a2. Groupement Sokourni Group discussion
(n= 3) Mr. Ouattara Drissa
b. Union UAFK Organisation Mr. Barro Seydou
Producer (12) Mr. Sanou Sidi Producer (13) Mr. Issa Traoré 4. Groupement YOUNPIE Organisation/ Group discussion
(n= 12) Mr. Traoré Solo Producer (14) Mr. Traoré Solo Producer (15) Mr. Traoré Moussa Table D1. Sample of organized mango producers
Individual producers Province
1. Mr. Traoré Issa (16) Kénédougou
2. Mr. Sanoudo Ibrahim (17) Houet
3. Mr. Ouattara Lancina (18) Kénédougou
4. Mr. Mamadou Oulegem (19) Comoé
5. Mme. Ouattara (20) Comoé
6. Mr. Sirima B. Laurent (21) Comoé
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex E Questionnaires
Annex E
Questionnaires
E1. Questionnaire for co-operative organisations Part A. Identification
1. Name of the organisation: 2. Name of the contact person: 3. Location:
4. Year and date of establishment: Part B. Management
5. How is the organisation structured? 6. What is the objective of the organisation? 7. What is the strategy/ vision for the future?
8. Who are the partners (clients, donors) of the organisation? 9. How is decision-making taking place?
Part C. Tasks and services
10. Which tasks and services are performed for members?
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex E Questionnaires E2. Questionnaire for producers
Identification of producers 1. Name :
2. Province : 3. Village :
Part A. Producer characteristics 4. Expérience :
How many years experience in mango production do you have? 5. Literacy :
Do you know how to read and write? 6. Household activities :
Besides being a mango producer, what are the other activities in which you and your family participate in ? 7. Land size:
What is the total land size of your family ? 8. Mango plot :
How many hectares of your land are devoted to mango production? 9. Importance of mango income in total income :
Revenues coming from the production and commercialisation of mangoes are:
1 2 3 4
Very important Not important
10. Houehold wealth:
Do you and your family possess some of this agricultural material ? A plough?
Cattle ?
Other agricultural material?
11. Organisational membership :
Are you member of other co-operative organisations, both within and outside the mango market ? 12. Informal co-operation:
Do you co-operate with other mango producers without a formal structure like a co-operative organisation?
Why or why not? 13. Certification :
Are you FLO, Ecocert, or Eurepgap certified ? Related questions to certification:
13a. Why did you became certified ? 13b. Who paid for the certification?
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex E Questionnaires Part B. Mango supply characteristics
14. Varieties:
Which mango varieties do you produce this year? 15. Quantity per variety :
What is the number of hectares per variety produced ? 16. Production volume :
What is the production volume per variety ? 17. Productivity per variety :
When you have one hectare of … (variety), what volume of mangoes can you harvest? Part C. Benefits of commercialisation
18. Markets
On which market – domestic, sub-regional, export – do you comemrcialise the producd varieties ? 19. Output prices:
Can you indicate per variety and per market the output price you received last year?
Variety Individual commercialisation Co-operative commercialisation
Market Output price Market Output price
Amélie Kent Keit Brooks Lippences Autres
NB. Additional information: Can you indicate if you have to arrange the harvest and transport yourself or that harvest and/ or transport are taken over by either the buyer or the co-operative organisation?
20. Commercialisation volume:
Can you indicate per variety and per market the volumes you have sold?
Variety Individual commercialisation Co-operative commercialisation
Market Sales volume Market Sales volume
Amélie Kent Keit Brooks Lippences Autres
Part D. Costs of mango production and trade 21. Rot-percentages:
Which proportion of your total production of mangoes is rotting? Why?
Do differences between varieties exist?
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex E Questionnaires When you are starting in mango production, what activities do you perform and what do they cost?
Costs in the first years : before production takes off
1. Inputs Unit Quantity Price per unit Total costs
Plants Brise vent Engrais Pesticides Fumier .... ....
2. Labour Family labour External labour Price per day Annual costs
Ploughing Weeding Digging holes Irrigation ... ... 23. Costs of production:
When you start commercialising mangoes what are the activities and corresponding costs? Annual costs production costs : maintenance
Inputs Quantity Unit Price per unit Total costs
Engrais Fumier
Pesticides Irrigation Labour Family labour Extrenal labour Price per day Annual costs
Ploughing Pesticides Irrigation Weeding Grafting …. …. 24. Costs of commercialisation:
When the mangoes reach maturity, which activities do you perform and what are the corresponding costs ?
Annual marketing costs
Labour Family labour External labour Price per day Total costs Harvest/selection
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex E Questionnaires Part E1. Benefits and costs linked to the producer organization
25. Expected benefits:
What benefits did you expect when you became a member of ... ( name of organisation)? 26. Perceived benefits:
Are the expectations you had realised?
27. Perceived costs/ difficulties of co-operation
What difficulties did you experience because of the co-operation? 28. Membership costs :
What amount do you pay yearly as membership-fee ? Part E2. Benefits and costs linked to ‘being individual’
29. Why did you decide not to adhere to any producer organization for the trade of mangoes?
30. What are the advantages of trading mangoes individually instead of adhering to a producer organization?
31. What are the problems or difficulties you experience when trading your mangoes individually?
32. What is your opinion about producer organizations in general? (Are they effective, do they act according to the interests of their members, do they share information)
33. How do you organize the following activities? Buying of plants?
Harvesting? Transport? Etc.
Part F. Transaction costs: prepositions 34. Information costs :
a. It is difficult to find the necessary market information
1 2 3 4
Agree Disagree
b. The ... (name of organization) made market information more easily available to her members 1 2 3 4
Agree Disagree
35. Negotiating costs :
a. It is difficult to negotiate contract and prices with potential buyers
1 2 3 4
Agree Disagree
b. The … (name of organization) made the negotiation of contracts more easy for me
1 2 3 4
Agree Disagree
35. Enforcements costs :
a. It is difficult to enforce contracts
1 2 3 4
Agree Disagree
b. The ... ( name of organization) makes contract enforcement more easy for me
1 2 3 4
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex F Mango world production
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex G Mango world exports
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex H Mango world imports
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex I Certification - Fair-trade, biological and Eurepgap conditions
Annex I
Certification - Fair-trade, biological and Eurepgap conditions
Fair-trade conditions
Fair trade is a trading partnership based on dialogue, transparency and respect that seeks greater equity in international trade. The fair trade conditions are introduced to prevent the exploitation of (small) producers and workers and to stimulate their development. The Fair trade Labeling Organization International4 applies different standards to assess whether an organization deserves a Fair Trade
certification and audits trade according to these standards. In brief, the standards and conditions are economical and social in nature and apply mainly to small organized producers and their producer organizations. FLO sets a fair trade price which covers the costs of sustainable production and living and pays a premium allowing producers to invest in development. Fair trade aims at contributing to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of, marginalized producers and workers mainly in the developing world. Fair-trade mangoes were introduced in Burkina Faso in 2003. Fair trade certifications often go along with biological certification.
Biological conditions
Biological or organic certification is set up in order to get rid of chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers used on agricultural products. Legal regulation exists in Europe, US and Japan concerning organic production and certification. The certification is done by an independent, accredited and private organization, which is ECOCERT International in Burkina Faso. The biological conditions stipulate that neither chemical fertilizers nor pesticides may be used. Furthermore, it is prohibited to cultivate certain crops (e.g. maize) at the same plots. Another aspect of organic certification is traceability which relates to post-harvest management. Traceability is an important aspect for obtaining the certification since traceability implies one could more easy check whether or not a producer respects the standards and the origin of the mango can be traced faster in case of problems.5 A biological certificate is valid for one year
and concerns individual producers and his orchards. Certification costs are mostly paid by the exporter and include besides the costs of applying for a certificate, control costs. External control costs have to be incurred since agricultural specialists have to be hired to check whether producers are still meeting requirements. Internal control have to check the administration of producers about the treatments they apply to their mango plot and can act as a barrier for producers (UFMB, 2006).
4 FLO International is the largest fair-trade certifier and uses the Max Havelaar, Fair-Trade and Transfair labels. See
www.fairtrade.net
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex I Certification - Fair-trade, biological and Eurepgap conditions Eurepgap
EurepGAP was developed by the Euro-Retailer Produce working group with the objective to increase food safety, quality and sound agricultural production methods. Its mission was to develop widely accepted standards and procedures for the global certification of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). The standards deal with hygienic requirements, safety requirements, production requirements and environmental requirements. Specific standards have been made for fruit and vegetables. For mangoes there are 236 points on the checklist, dealing with a wide variety of subjects. Examples are traceability, site management, fertilizer usage, crop protection, harvesting, post-harvest treatments, worker health, safety and welfare and environmental issues. EurepGAP partly resembles the biological certification.6
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex J Main production varieties
Annex J
Main production varieties
(a)
Figure J1. Overview of varieties in South West region of Burkina Faso
(b)
Overview of varieties per province
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex K Mango producer and producer organization statistics
Annex K
Mango producer and producer organization statistics
Province Surface (km²) Agricultural producers7
Kénédougou 8,137 171,085 Comoé 15,277 207,210
Houet 11,568 580,428 Léraba 3,129 80,282 Table K1. Agricultural producers as an approximation for the number of mango producers in the South West region
of Burkina Faso; Source: Ministère de l’ administration territoriale et de la décentralisation, 1996
Organization Membership area8
Size of
membership producers in Agricultural membership area
Density9
1. UFMB Comoé, Houet, Kénédougou
(Provinces) < 300 1,039,005 0.03 2. Faso Djigui Orodara and
surroundings
(Villages) 80 50,195
10 0.16 3. WOUOL Comoé (Province) 1000 207,210 0.48 4. SOCABE Banfora and
Bérégadougou (Villages) 30 53,188 11 0.06 5. FEDAF Kénédougou (Province) 350 171,085 0.20 6. UDPFK Kénédougou (Province) 250 171,085 0.15 7. UAFK Kénédougou (Province) 100 171,085 0.06
8. YOUNPIE Toussiana (Village) 28 10,64912 0.26 Table K2. Details on the measurement of the density; Source: own elaboration, Burkina Faso, 2006.
7 The number of agricultural producers is based on the assumption that 86% of the population is working in agriculture, INSD, 1996
8 The membership area is sometimes hard to define: However the practice has shown a rule of thumb which we will use here: primary co-operative organizations are mostly active on village level, where higher level co-operative organizations could attract producers out of the whole province.
9 Density is measured according to equation 3.1; here shown as percentages and rounded off at two decimals 10 Data found on http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9r%C3%A9gadougou_(d%C3%A9partement), 26th June 2006
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex L Producer characteristics
Annex L
Producer characteristics
Characteristics
Organisation Producer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. UFMB (GD) (1) 1 21 1 1.5 Horticulture 0 1.0 1 -- 0
1. UFMB (GD) (2) 0 20 1 3.0 Horticulture 0 2.5 2 FLO,
Ecocert 0
1c. Faso Djigui (3) 1 20 0 8.0 Cereals, green beans 1 6.0 2 Ecocert 1
1c. Faso Djigui (4) 1 10 0 5.0 Cereals, oranges 0 4.0 2 Ecocert 1
1c. Faso Djigui (5) 1 15 1 7.0 Bissap, oranges 0 4.0 2 -- 0
1c. Faso Djigui (6) 0 25 1 10.0 Cereals, bissap,
manioc, oranges 0 7.5 2 -- 1
1c. Faso Djigui (7) 0 6 1 9.0 Cereals, bissap,
oranges 0 5.0 3 -- 1
1c. Faso Djigui (8) 0 6 1 8.0 Cereals, bissap,
oranges 0 5.0 2 -- 1
2a. SOCABE (9) 0 20 0 10.0 Cereals, paid job
(Sosuco), 1 7.0 2 Ecocert 0
2a. SOCABE (10) 0 20 0 15.0 Cereals, peanuts 0 4.0 2 Ecocert 0
3a. UDPFK (11) 1 7 0 8.0 Cereals, peanuts,
cashews, oranges 1 5.0 1 Ecocert FLO, 0
3b. UAFK (12) 0 10 1 8.0 Oranges,
pépignières 0 5.0 2 -- 0
3b. UAFK (13) 1 7 0 5.0 Oranges,
pépignières 0 2.5 2 -- 0
4. YOUNPIE (14) 0 20 0 7.0 Cereals, peanuts 0 3.5 1 Ecocert 1
4. YOUNPIE (15) 0 10 1 8.0 Cereals, cashews 0 4 2 Ecocert 1
Table L1. Producer characteristics: organized producers, Burkina Faso, 2006; Source: own sample. Legend producer characteristics:
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex L Producer characteristics Individual producers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (16) 0 18 1 20 Oranges, cashews 1 20 1 Ecocert 1 (17) 0 30 0 13 Cereals, lemons, oranges 1 13 2 Ecocert 0 (18) 1 6 1 23 Oranges, pépignières 0 23 2 Ecocert 1 (19) 1 20 1 5 Cereals, cashews, palm oil 1 5 1 -- 1 (20) 1 24 0 30 Oranges, cashews 0 30 2 -- 1 (21) 1 21 1 15 Cereals, cashews 0 15 1 Ecocert 1
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex M Weight statistics of mangoes
Annex M Weight statistics of mangoes
Variety Weight (in grams) Average weight
Amélie 300-600 450
Brooks 450-900 675 Lippences 250-400 325
Kent 700-800 750
Keith 500-700 600 Table M1. Weight statistics of mangoes; Source:
Variety Prices begin
season Prices end season
Amélie 3 a 50 CFA 2 a 50 CFA
Brooks 7 a 25 CFA 5 a 25 CFA
Lippences 6 a 25 CFA 3 a 25 CFA
Kent 4 a 100 CFA 3 a 100 CFA
Keith 4 a 100 CFA 3 a 100 CFA
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex N Investments in mango production
Annex N Investments in mango production
1. Investments in preparation and start up of production (a) Year 0: preparation of the soil and plantation
Time Activity Cost per hectare (in FCFA)
February Reclamation of the field (Défrichage) 25,000
March Ploughing (Labourer) 20,000 (boeuf) – 25,000 (tractor) Pulverization (Pulvérisage) 15,000
March Delineation of the plot and of the
trees (Piquêtage) 2,500 March/ April Digging of the holes (Trouaison) 15,000
May Filling holes with fertilizer 4,150 Construction of a windbreaker (brise
vent) n.a.
June Plants13 15,000
Year-round Irrigation of young plants (Arrosage) 32,000
Total 128,650 - 133,650 FCFA
(b) Year 1-4: treatment and maintenance
Time Activity Cost per hectare (in FCFA)
September– March Cleaning and weeding of the land
(Desherbage) 32,000
June/ August Ploughing (labourer) 20,000 (boeuf) – 25,000 (tractor)CFA Fertilizer (Fumier organique) 4,000 CFA
Transport of fumier organique 0.5 tonnes: see transport costs Dry season: November – April Irrigation (Arrosage) 32,000 CFA
Total cost annually 93,000 FCFA
Total cost 4-year period 372,000 FCFA
Total investments in production 500,650 – 505650 FCFA
Table N1. Investments in preparation and production costs in the non-productive years; Source: own sample, with the help of UFMB, Burkina Faso, 2006.
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex N Investments in mango production
2. Investments in certification
3a. Payments done by the producer organization or the exporter
Certification Conditions Costs depend on Hypothetical cost
in FCFA (UFMB 200514)
Fairtrade Socio-economic a. Number of members; b. Level of
co-operation
555,306
Biological Technical a. Number of hectares; b. Number of plots; c. In-between distances; d. Number of control days 3,536,184
Eurepgap Hygienic, security,
traceability a. Number of hectares; b. Number of plots; c. In-between distances
1,056,49915
Total certification costs 5,147,989 FCFA
3b. Investments on producer level
Certification Conditions Costs
Fairtrade Producer must be a co-operative
member Affiliation fee Biological a. Intercalary cultures
(cereals) are no longer allowed to grow under the manguiers;
b. Prohibition of chemicals
a. Giving up cereal production: higher dependency on export mangoes;
b. Lower productivity level
Eurepgap Investments in farm-infrastructure:
toilets, first-aid, equipments, etc. 30,000 FCFA 16
Table N2. Investments in certification; Source: own elaboration and UFMB, Burkina Faso, 2006.
3. Investments to change varieties or rejuvenate orchards (grafting)
Plants Cost per unit Cost per hectare
Amélie 150 (Market Orodara) - 400 CFA
(INERA, Banfora) 15,000- 40,000 CFA Brooks 150 (Market Orodara) - 400 CFA
(INERA, Banfora) 15,000 – 40,000 CFA Lippences 150 (Market Orodara) - 400 CFA
(INERA, Banfora) 15,000 – 40,000 CFA Kent 150 (Market Orodara) - 400 CFA
(INERA, Banfora) 15,000- 40,000 CFA Keith 150 (Market Orodara) - 400 CFA
(INERA, Banfora) 15,000 – 40,000 CFA Grafting technique 50 CFA per branch; 10-20 braches
per tree 50,000 – 100,000 CFA Table N3. Investment to change varieties or rejuvenate trees: new plants versus grafting; Source: own sample and INERA, Burkina Faso, 2006
14 Based on the situation of the UFMB in 2005: 353 affiliated mango producers, 1,412 hectares, and 650 biological certified hectares, UFMB, 2006.
15 Eurepgap certification audit paid by WAFF (West African Fair Fruit).
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex O Costs – Production costs
Annex O Costs – Production costs
Costs – Production costs
Time Activity Cost per hectare
September – April Weeding of the land (Desherbage) 22,000 FCFA September- April Cleaning of the land (Ballage) 15,000 FCFA
June / August Ploughing 20,000 CFA (boeuf) – 25,000 (tractor) FCFA
Disbudding of the trees (Taillage) n.a. Fertilizer (Fumier organique/ fumier
noir) n.a.
Pesticides n.a.
Total annual cost 57,000 – 62,000 FCFA
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex P Costs – Marketing costs
Annex P
Costs – Marketing costs
Fixed permanent employees Payment per month
Employee intern 7,500 FCFA+ food and accommodation Employee extern 12,500 FCFA
Table P1. Fixed labour costs; Source: Own sample, Burkina Faso, 2006.
Labour to execute the
harvest Costs per person Harvest teams: number of persons Cost per 10 tons of mangoes
Harvester (Récolteur) 1000 CFA 10 10,000 FCFA Picker (Ramasseur) 600 CFA 20 12,000 FCFA
Total -- 25,000 FCFA
Table P2. Costs of harvesting for national and sub-regional markets; Source: own elaboration, Burkina Faso, 2006
Means of transport Characteristics Costs per kilometre
Charette 1 tonnes, only for small distances 1,250 FCFA per voyage
Bachette 2 tonnes 500 FCFA
The Role and Commercial Behavior of Mango Producer Organizations in Burkina Faso Annex Q Costs – Affiliation fees
Annex Q Costs – Affiliation fees
Producer organization Adherence fee (a) Yearly fee (b) Additional fee (c)
1. UFMB ? ? 100 FCFA per crate sold 1a. Groupement Dogona 1,000 FCFA -- 100 FCFA per crate sold 1b. Groupement Sangaré 5,000 FCFA 1,200 FCFA 100 FCFA per crate sold 1c. Faso Djigui 25,000 FCFA 100 FCFA per crate sold
2. WOUOL ? ? ?
2a. SOCABE 30,000 FCFA -- 5 percent over trade
3. FEDAF ? ? ?
3a. UDPFK 50,000 FCFA 10,000 FCFA 100 FCFA per crate sold
3aa. Djigui Semen ? ? --
3b. UAFK 25,000 FCFA 10,000 FCFA
4. YOUNPIE -- 2,000 FCFA --
