Annex 1 – Outputs GEM Data

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Annex 1 – Outputs GEM Data

About GEM

The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research program is an annual assessment of the national level of entrepreneurial activity. A partnership between London Business School and Babson College, it was initiated in 1999 with 10 countries, expanded to 21 in the year 2000, with 29 countries in 2001 and 37 countries in 2002. GEM 2006 conducted research in 39 countries.

The research program, based on a harmonized assessment of the level of national entrepreneurial activity for all participating countries, involves exploration of the role of entrepreneurship in national economic growth. Systematic differences continue, with few highly entrepreneurial countries reflecting low economic growth. There is, further, a wealth of national features and characteristics associated with entrepreneurial activity. (http://www.gemconsortium.org).

About the dataset

For this report data of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands from 2002 and 2003 is used. In 2003 the Dutch data contained 3505 samples and the British 14339. The cases were weighed by GEM coordination for those 18-64 years of age to match the age and gender structure as provided by the US Census International Demography program. Some questions were asked to all respondents, whether they were an entrepreneur or not. Other questions were only asked to starters. Considering entrepreneurs GEM distinguishes between nascent entrepreneurs, baby business owners and business owners. For topics concerning entrepreneurs this report used the samples of nascent entrepreneurs and baby business owners. Nascent entrepreneurs have been busy setting up a firm in the last 12 months and baby business owners own a firm younger than 3,5 years.

Figure 0-1: The process of becoming an entrepreneur according to GEM. Source: Reynolds, Bosma, Autio; Small Business Economics, 2005.

Some questions were not answered by all respondents or respondents had no valid answer. These samples were filtered out only in the relating question. The population relating baby business owners and nascent entrepreneurs (from now on referred to as starters or start-up owners) contained

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2 sample size the amount of Dutch respondents is low sometimes (<100). Therefore some results can only be interpreted as indicating.

Additionally, for some questions the masterdata file was used. This file contains an overview of average scores per country on a list variables.

Performed tests

To overview the scores of both countries cross tabulations or scatter plots were printed. To test whether or not scores for both countries were significantly differing Mann-Whitney tests were performed in case the data had an interval measurement level and. If the data had a scale measurement level, an independent samples T test was performed. A significance level of less than 0,05 is used to state whether or not a different outcome is significant.

Correlation tests used were Kendall Tau and Pearson. Kendalls Tau was used if one of the two variables was of an ordinal measurement level. If both variables were of an interval or scale measurement level, Pearson was used.

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Output 1: The amount of TEA

The total entrepreneurial activity is measured by the amount of nascent entrepreneurs and baby business owners. The percentage of people active in nascent entrepreneurship or a baby business for 2003 was 3,6% for the Netherlands and 6,4% for the United Kingdom.

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN * TOTAL ENTRE ACTIVITY INDEX Crosstabulation

TOTAL ENTRE ACTIVITY INDEX Total NO ACTIVITY S-UPS,NF,BOTH COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Netherlands 2612 98 2710 United Kingdom 11322 837 12159 Total 13934 935 14869 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks 2830 7236,65 20479718,00 12016 7467,51 89729563,00 14846 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Netherlands United Kingdom Total TOTAL ENTRE ACTIVITY INDEX

N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Test Statisticsa 16473853 20479718 -6,064 ,000 Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)

TOTAL ENTRE ACTIVITY

INDEX

Grouping Variable: COUNTRY OF ORIGIN a.

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Output 2: The amount of starting entrepreneurs exploiting an innovative

product or service

The innovativeness of start-ups is measured by questioning the owner of the start-up if all, some, or none of his potential customers consider this product or service new and unfamiliar? The answer 1 corresponds with all customers, 2 with some customers and 3 with no customers.

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN * new product or service Crosstabulation

Count

New product or service

Total 1,00 2,00 3,00 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Netherlands 10 14 73 97 United Kingdom 104 209 525 838 Total 114 223 598 935 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks 111 520,13 57734,50 845 473,03 399711,50 956 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Netherlands United Kingdom Total newsu

Test Statisticsa 42276,500 399711,5 -1,995 ,046 Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z

newsu

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Output 3 : Correlation know starter – own expectations to start

To calculate the output here a correlation test was performed (Kendalls Tau). The correlation is weak, probably because of the fact that only two answers are possible for both questions. The correlation is nonetheless significant.

%YES:R EXPECTS START-UP IN 3 YEARS * %YES:PERSONALLY KNOW ENT IN PAST 2 YRS Crosstabulation

Count 5947 1682 7629 357 447 804 6304 2129 8433 NO/NONE YES %YES:R EXPECTS START-UP IN 3 YEARS Total NO/NONE YES %YES:PERSONALLY KNOW ENT IN PAST 2

YRS Total Symmetric Measures ,227 ,013 16,161 ,000 8433 Kendall's tau-b Ordinal by Ordinal N of Valid Cases Value Asymp.

Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.

Not assuming the null hypothesis. a.

Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. b.

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Output 4: Total amount of money needed

The amount of money needed was converted to the currency USD to make the data comparable. For this question several cases were removed from the data set. Setid 44003014582 was removed because the amount of money needed exceeded 1 billion dollar. Setids 31000017003, 44003016632, 44004034246, 44003007519, 44004051534, 44003017021, 44004053109, 44003009984, 44004037200, 44003029320 and 44003016632 were removed because the amount of money supplied by themselves exceeded the amount of money needed. The data was computed into four new categories: 0-49.999 USD (1), 50.000-249.999 USD (2), 250.000-999.999 USD (3) and 1.000.000 USD and up (4).

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN * money Crosstabulation Count 13 6 6 3 28 245 60 24 14 343 258 66 30 17 371 Netherlands United Kingdom COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Total 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 money Total

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Output 5 : Correlation between amount of money needed and supplied by

entrepreneur self

The amount of money needed and supplied by the entrepreneur self was converted to the currency USD to make the data comparable. For this question several cases were removed from the data set. Setid 44003014582 was removed because the amount of money needed exceeded 1 billion dollar. Setids 31000017003, 44003016632, 44004034246, 44003007519, 44004051534, 44003017021, 44004053109, 44003009984, 44004037200, 44003029320 and 44003016632 were removed because the amount of money supplied by themselves exceeded the amount of money needed. Setids 44003004278 and 44003007435 were removed because they were outliers.

Correlations 10.000.000 8.000.000 6.000.000 4.000.000 2.000.000 0

START-UP:PERSONAL MONEY INVESTED -US$ 10.000.000 8.000.000 6.000.000 4.000.000 2.000.000 0 S T A R T -U P :T O T A L M O N E Y R E Q U IR E D -U S $

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8 Descriptive Statistics 225,110.77 893,822.269 368 150,407.68 868,816.842 336 START-UP:TOTAL MONEY REQUIRED -US$ START-UP: PERSONAL MONEY INVESTED -US$ Mean Std. Deviation N Correlations 1 ,982** ,000 368 325 ,982** 1 ,000 325 336 Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N START-UP:TOTAL MONEY REQUIRED -US$ START-UP: PERSONAL MONEY INVESTED -US$ START-UP: TOTAL MONEY REQUIRED -US$ START-UP: PERSONAL MONEY INVESTED -US$

Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). **.

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Output 6: Business angels - Supply of business angel capital

From the masterdata file 2003 came that in the Netherlands 1,29% of the population can be called a business angel. In the United Kingdom this is 1,63%.

The average amount of money invested by business angels is 45.552 USD for the Netherlands and 34.496 USD for the United Kingdom. This makes a total investment per 100 residents of:

- Total amount business angel investment per 100 residents in NL: 1,29 * 45.552 = 58.762 USD

- Total amount business angel investment per 100 residents in UK: 1,63 * 34.496 = 56.228 USD

The answers were computed into four categories: Group 1 = 0-19.999 USD Group 2 = 20.000-49.999 USD Group 3 = 50.000-99.999 USD Group 4 = 100.000 - …… USD Scatterplot 42,5 40 37,5 35 32,5 30 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 600.000 500.000 400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000 0 B U S S A N G E L :I N F O R M A L F U N D S P A S T 3 Y R S -U S $

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bafundus1 * COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Crosstabulation Count 12 97 109 7 28 35 3 12 15 2 15 17 24 152 176 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 bafundus1 Total Netherlands United Kingdom COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Total

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Output 7: skills of starters

86 Out of 96 Dutch entrepreneurs find themselves sufficiently skilled to start a firm (89,5%).

In the United Kingdom this is 728 out of 826 entrepreneurs find themselves sufficiently skilled (88,1%).

%YES:HAS KNOW,SKILL TO DO START-UP * COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Crosstabulation

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Total Netherlands United Kingdom %YES:HAS KNOW,SKILL TO DO START-UP NO/NONE 10 98 108 YES 86 728 814 Total 96 826 922

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Output 8: Growth of start-ups

The variables tested here are the amount of people working for the start-up now, in five years and the growth in terms of employees in five years. Some starters only filled out the amount of employees they have now or they expect to hire in five years. These are filtered out before the growth was tested. The varying sample sizes of the variables explain why the outcome is a little different than one would expect after a mathematical calculation of the growth ratio.

The formula for growth is:

(EMPLOYEES5YEARS - EMPLOYEESNOW) / EMPLOYEESNOW = GROWTHRATIO

Group Statistics 77 5,8038 13,32376 1,51375 583 3,6988 15,09115 ,62522 83 10,3934 27,71724 3,04068 731 10,9250 37,10693 1,37234 53 ,7198 1,87029 ,25719 306 1,6721 3,36247 ,19210 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Netherlands United Kingdom Netherlands United Kingdom Netherlands United Kingdom employeesnow employees5years growth N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Independent Samples Test

2,092 ,149 1,168 658 ,243 2,10499 1,80146 -1,43230 5,64229 1,285 104,388 ,202 2,10499 1,63779 -1,14266 5,35264 ,006 ,937 -,127 812 ,899 -,53161 4,19879 -8,77337 7,71015 -,159 118,390 ,874 -,53161 3,33602 -7,13761 6,07440 3,285 ,071 -2,005 357 ,046 -,95232 ,47493 -1,88634 -,01831 -2,967 119,594 ,004 -,95232 ,32101 -1,58793 -,31672 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed employeesnow employees5years growth F Sig. Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t df Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error

Difference Lower Upper 95% Confidence

Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means

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Output 9: start-up team-size

For this analysis two cases were removed because they were outliers (team sizes above 50). A T-Test was performed to test whether the difference between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom was significant.

The results are:

42,5 40 37,5 35 32,5 30 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 30,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 te a m s iz e

Cases weighted by WGT ADJ:18-64 YRS-MATCH 2003 CENSUS

__ Group Statistics 96 1,9434 2,40644 ,24594 830 1,8119 2,37743 ,08255 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Netherlands United Kingdom teamsize N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Independent Samples Test

,002 ,964 ,512 923 ,609 ,13152 ,25693 -,37272 ,63576 ,507 117,120 ,613 ,13152 ,25942 -,38224 ,64529 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed teamsize F Sig. Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t df Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error

Difference Lower Upper 95% Confidence

Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means

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Output 10: Start-ups exporting

A crosstab was performed to show the varieties in exports among start-ups. The variable TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS was chosen because it created the right sample size. The variable START-UP:%CUST OUT OF COUNTRY contains the same variable, but only forms a subgroup. The Mann-Whitney U test shows Dutch starting firms export more than British and the difference is significant.

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN * TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG Crosstabulation Count 41 39 9 8 97 483 195 89 37 804 524 234 98 45 901 Netherlands United Kingdom COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Total NONE 1- 24% 25- 74% 75-100%

TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG

Total Ranks 56 330,21 18492,00 493 268,73 132483,00 549 109 539,90 58849,50 815 452,15 368500,50 924 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Netherlands United Kingdom Total Netherlands United Kingdom Total

START-UP :%CUST OUT OF COUNTRY:4 CATEG TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG

Test Statisticsa 10712,000 35980,500 132483,000 368500,500 -3,047 -3,646 ,002 ,000 Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z

START-UP :%CUST OUT OF COUNTRY:4 CATEG TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG

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Output 11 - correlation export – degree of innovation, team size, money

needed, amount of employees in 5 years (only Netherlands)

In none of the tests a strong correlation was found, but with this remark that the sample sizes are small. Especially the combinations exports and the amount of money required and the growth calculation have low amounts of valid samples.

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * employees5years 81,803(a) 83,8% 15,801 16,2% 97,604 100,0% TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * START-UP TOTAL MONEY REQUIRED –US$ 27,495(a) 28,2% 70,109 71,8% 97,604 100,0% TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG *

new product service 96,315(a) 98,7% 1,289 1,3% 97,604 100,0%

TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * teamsize 95,108(a) 97,4% 2,496 2,6% 97,604 100,0% TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * employeesnow 77,472(a) 79,4% 20,132 20,6% 97,604 100,0% TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * growth 52,882(a) 54,2% 44,722 45,8% 97,604 100,0%

a Number of valid cases is different from the total count in the crosstabulation table because the cell counts have been rounded.

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16 Symmetric Measures ,251 ,077 3,255 ,001 86 Kendall's tau-b Ordinal by Ordinal N of Valid Cases Value Asymp.

TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * START-UP:TOTAL MONEY REQUIRED -US$

Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Error(a) Approx. T(b) Approx. Sig. Ordinal by Ordinal Kendall's tau-b ,103 ,150 ,690 ,490

N of Valid Cases 32

a Not assuming the null hypothesis.

b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.

TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * new product service

Symmetric Measures ,128 ,089 1,413 ,158 96 Kendall's tau-b Ordinal by Ordinal N of Valid Cases Value Asymp.

TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * teamsize

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TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * employeesnow Symmetric Measures ,235 ,093 2,560 ,010 78 Kendall's tau-b Ordinal by Ordinal N of Valid Cases Value Asymp.

TEA03:% INTERNAT EXPORTS:4 CATEG * growth

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Annex 2 – Interview analysis and curricula

Respresentability of interviewees

The interviewees were selected on their merits in entrepreneurship and diverse backgrounds. Entrepreneurs as well as representatives from key environmental factors were questioned. From each country a professor in entrepreneurship and a policy advisor on entrepreneurship for the national government were interviewed. Also in each country interviews were held with an innovative, high growth entrepreneur and a manager of an innovative start-up stimulation project. From both countries an expert on start-up financing was interviewed. Furthermore one Dutch entrepreneur involved in a UK based start-up registered at the London Stock Exchange was interviewed. In the Netherlands an interview was held with a serial entrepreneur in bio medics who made a career in Silicon Valley and finally a researcher was interviewed who compared British and Dutch starters in earlier research. The goal I had before I started to select the interviewees was to speak to a broad range of people with the highest possible degree of knowledge about innovative start-ups and entrepreneurship. I think this goal was reached quite well, although the sample size could have been bigger and more start-ups could have been included in the sample. Some statements made by them were proven false in the data analysis. Therefore the combination of interviews and data analysis is a valuable one.

Curricula vitae

Nils de Witte

Nils de Witte is founder and co-owner of NeBIB (Dutch Exchange for Investments in Ventures). NeBIB was founded in 1995 and intermediates between informal investors and new innovative companies.

NeBIB is specialized in first round investments and is the biggest independent mediator in Europe for seed capital investments, realising at least 20 deals each year. Besides intermediary services, NeBIB organizes events and workshops to improve entrepreneurial and commercial skills of start-ups en investment skills of investors.

Nils de Witte is also a moderator on HigherLevel.nl (Europe's largest on-line entrepreneurial community), jury member of New Venture (Mc Kinsey's Business Plan contest), initiator of Holland Innovation (Holland’s main annual networking event for starters and investors) and author of the “Gids Startkapitaal”.

Harm ten Hoff

Dr. Ir. Harm ten Hoff is an expert on product and business development in high tech biomedical start-ups. In California (US) he worked for several successful biomedical start-ups as non-executive director Research & Development.

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After repatriation Harm ten Hoff focussed on improving business development and business connections among Dutch biomedical SMEs. Among other appointments he has been executive ad interim of Health Valley, an innovation network for healthcare for East Netherlands and program manager for Netlab Twente, a network platform to stimulate the development of innovative biomedical business in Twente, the Netherlands. He also organises study trips to Silicon Valley and business course opportunities at Stanford University (CA, US) for Dutch biomedical starters.

Jan-Joost Rueb

Jan-Joost Rueb is co-founder and owner of EBuddy Holding. EBuddy holding is an innovative start-up that develops and exploits the eBuddy Messenger. eBuddy messenger is a free web based messenger that enables you to chat with your MSN, Yahoo and AIM buddies.

eBuddy started the first independent web based messenger service in 2003. It is a privately funded company based in the Netherlands currently working with 30 people in Amsterdam. EBuddy recently acquired 5 million euros of capital funding from Lowland Capital Partners.

They claim to have a portfolio of 38 million users world wide and a growth of 60.000-100.000 users a day.

In the past Jan-Joost also founded www.numberportability.com and was involved in the early start-up phase of Arbinet, which is listed on the Nasdaq nowadays.

Jeroen van den Heuvel

Dr. Jeroen van den Heuvel is currently employed as policy advisor and researcher for the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Directorate-General for Enterprise and Innovation. Among other activities he conducts and guides research on subjects within the area of entrepreneurship such as the entrepreneurial climate, international benchmarks and other issues related to entrepreneurship policy. In summer 2006 Jeroen van den Heuvel received his Ph.D. at Hasselt University, Belgium, on the subject of 'Boards and governance in small and medium-sized family businesses'. He has published in European Management Journal, Corporate Governance: an international review, and Journal of Small Business Management.

Hans Wissema

Prof. Dr. Ir. Hans Wissema is emeritus professor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation at the University of Technology in Delft, The Netherlands. He specialised in the creation of new technology-based firms, academic entrepreneurship and coaching of new managers. He wrote several books and articles on these topics, which have been translated in different languages. Among others Technostarters and the third generation university (English, Polish, Bularian; 2006) and The art of strategic

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20 As a consultant Hans Wissema has been involved in the creation of new technology-based firms at universities in East and West Europe and Asia. Professor Wissema taught series of lectures on techno starters. Furthermore Hans Wissema is co-founder of the Amstel Private Equity Club in Amsterdam and chairman of the Network for Young Entrepreneurs in Delft.

Jerry Kanhai

Jerry Kanhai is program manager at TechnoPartner. In this job he coordinates the execution of two main cornerstones of Technopartner: The SKE (Knowledge Exploitation Subsidy Program) and the Seed facility.

Jerry Kanhai has 17 years of experience as policy advisor and project manager of different government programs at Senter, SenterNovem and Syntens to stimulate companies, entrepreneurs and SMEs to develop and use technological and ecological solutions.

Erik Stam

Dr. Erik Stam is AIM Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge and scientific advisor to the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR). He has been Assistant Professor in Economic Geography at Utrecht University, and Research Fellow at the Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy group of the Max Planck Institute of Economics (Jena, Germany), and was Research Fellow at the Rotterdam School of Management.

He has researched entrepreneurship, innovation, firm growth and (regional) economic development, mainly in European countries. He is author of several books and book chapters and he has published in various scientific journals.

Alan Barrell

Alan Barrell has spent almost thirty years in senior executive positions in technology based industries. Subsequently Alan became Managing Director of Domino Printing. In this period Domino grew internationally and was listed on the London Stock Exchange. Today Domino has revenues of £300 million plus a market capitalization approaching £400 million.

From early 1998 until 2002 Alan's business life was spread between non-executive chairmanship of smaller technology companies, engagement with NW Brown Capital Partners in raising a new regional early stage technology venture capital fund of £35 million, “The Cambridge Gateway Fund” and work with charities in which he has special interests.

He has also become closely associated with three Business Angel Groups in Cambridge.

Alan’s most recent appointments have been as Entrepreneur in Residence, University of Cambridge Entrepreneurship Centre, and Visiting Professor of Enterprise, University of Luton School of Graduate Business Studies, Visiting Professor of Entrepreneurship, University of Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, and Senior Enterprise Fellow, University of Essex..

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In July 2005, Alan was presented by the Queen with the Queen’s Award for Enterprise Promotion In April 2006, Alan, with colleagues, founded Dragon Cambridge International Ltd., a company set up to assist companies and other organisations in UK, Europe and in China, connect with each other for good business reasons and to support Chinese businesses starting up in Europe.

Jack Lang

Jack Lang is a serial entrepreneur, business angel and cofounder of Artimi Ltd, which is making the next generation of ultra wide band wireless chips.

Jack was founder of Netchannel Ltd, which was acquired in 1998 by NTL, where he became Chief Technologist. Before that he founded Electronic Share Information Ltd, acquired by E*Trade Inc in 1995. He is author of The High Tech Entrepreneurs Handbook and teaches and examines courses in Business Studies, Entrepreneurship and Ecommerce for the University of Cambridge Computer Science Laboratory. He is Entrepreneur in Residence at the Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning and a ByFellow at Emmanuel College.

Greg Ward

Greg Ward is Head of Enterprise for the South East Economic Development Agency (SEEDA) and is responsible for the development of SEEDA’s award winning incubation program – enterprise hubs and the sister project enterprise gateways. This incubation network specialises in the development of and the commercialisation of new ideas and the development of entrepreneurs. Greg’s team also has overall responsibility for SEEDA’s development of seven key South East sectors: 1) Aerospace and Defence, 2) Bio/Pharma and Health Care, 3) Environmental Technology, 4) Marine, 5) Media, Technology and Telecoms, 6) Construction and 7) Freight and Logistics. The team also facilitates the Women’s Enterprise.

Greg spent the first eight years of his working life running his own media business in the Middle East. In 1988 Greg sold his business and moved to North America working on media related activities in Canada. In 1993, he returned to the UK and has spent the last 14 years working in the area of economic regeneration at town, county and regional level. He has a particular interest in the development of entrepreneurs, small businesses and small business clusters. He is a director of the national UK Business Incubation Organisation. Greg joined SEEDA in 2000 and heads a team that has built up the enterprise hub and gateway network, which has already won two awards - the “One to One” Best for Business Award in 2001, and the European excellence award in 2002. There are now over 2.000 start-up companies in SEEDA’s incubation networks. The sector activity involves working with an additional 11.000 companies across the region.

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Anne Bruinvels

Anne Bruinvels has more than 15 years experience in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Prior to founding Curidium, Anne was Scientific Director, Business Development at Pharmagene (now Asterand), where she contributed to the growth of the organisation from private start-up to publicly listed biotechnology company. Previously, she has led research groups, as Head of Neurogenetics, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (now GlaxoSmithkline) and as Head of Neuroanatomy and co-leader of global schizophrenia research at Wyeth, an American pharmaceutical company. Anne obtained her PhD (neuroscience) from Utrecht University (the Netherlands). She was presented with the London Biotechnology Network “Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award” in 2003. Curidium was founded by Dr. Anne T. Bruinvels and business activities were started in 2001. In june 2006 Curidium was launched on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange.

Ron Downing

An engineer by background, Ron’s career began in Industry working for the Marconi Company and Racal Instruments. Ron joined the UK Civil Service in late 1973 and was transferred to the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in 1985, where he currently remains.

During his time with DTI, Ron’s work has been ‘small business’ focussed. On joining the Department he had responsibility for the awarding of Research and Development grants to SMEs, and then migrated to the development, and running of “Management Best Practice” and consultancy programs. In 2001 the DTI launched its Small Business Service, where Ron led the operation of the UK’s Regional Supply Network, and took responsibility for overseeing the running of the Business Link Network Company. He was also the Chair of the (UK) European Social Fund’s Equal Theme C network, which concentrated on helping disadvantaged people to set up businesses. Ron also assumed the role of the Government’s strategy lead for business start-up.

More recently Ron’s attention has been focussed on developing policies aimed at promoting higher levels of student and graduate entrepreneurship. He is also tasked with drafting proposals for further encouraging older people to start their own businesses.

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Annex 3 – Scoreboard Construction

score 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 totaal winner difference

10% sign

1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2 2,25

Amount of innovative startups nl 1 1,5 UK -150% yes

uk 2,5 3,8

Amount of high growth startups nl 6 12,0 UK -133% yes

uk 14 28,0

Relative growth of the tertiary sector nl

-0,26% -0,09% -0,55% -1% UK -385% yes

uk 0,67% 1,25% 0,79% 3%

Good opportunities to start nl 49,00% 29,00% 105% NL

uk 27,00% 35,00% 86%

Amount of SMEs collaborating on innovation nl 9,6 9,6 12,3 63,7 NL 13% yes

uk 7,7 7,2 12,6 56,2

Firm -university collaboration on innovation nl 7,07 6,66 6,83 25,6 NL 18% yes

uk 6,2 5,83 5,55 21,8

Attitude towards self-employment nl 33 30 35 33 180,8 UK -37% yes

uk 47 48 46 41 247,8

Amount of media attention for startups nl 63 94,5 NL 15% yes

uk 55 82,5

The level of tertiary education nl 24,1 25 27,5 96,6 UK -14% yes

uk 29,7 29,4 29,2 110,3

The level of S&E graduates nl 6,1 6,6 7,3 25,3 UK -198% yes

uk 19,5 19,5 21 75,4

Amount of early stage finance needed 0-250.000 USD nl 2,44 3,7 UK -133% yes

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Amount of early stage finance supplied by business angels nl 58762 88143,0 NL 5% no

uk 56228 84342,0

Amount of early stage venture capital investment nl 0,041 0,043 0,008 0,008 0,002 0,1 UK -171% yes

uk 0,057 0,036 0,039 0,048 0,047 0,3

Earlier experience entrepreneurs nl 2,21 2,13 1,79 7,6 UK -82% yes

uk 4 3,46 3,62 13,8

Valuation of own skills entrepreneurs nl 89 133,5 NL 1% no

uk 88 132,0

Level of entrepreneurship education nl 2,33 2,9 NL 3% no

uk 2,27 2,8

Availability of highly skilled workforce nl 30,2 31,6 34,8 121,9 UK -52% yes

uk 49,2 48,9 50,2 185,6

Difficulty of hiring nl -17 -38,3 UK 55% yes

uk -11 -24,8

Difficulty of firing nl -70 -157,5 UK 600% yes

uk -10 -22,5

Amount of second/third round venture capital investment nl 0,191 0,159 0,093 0,077 0,158 1,0 UK -62% yes

uk 0,132 0,136 0,216 0,183 0,319 1,6

Value of IPOs on stock market nl 1,17 0,24 1,94 6,9 UK -31% yes

uk 0,59 1,47 2,24 9,0

Growth goalsetting of the entrepreneur nl 72 108,0 UK -132% yes

uk 167 250,5

Start-up team size nl 1,94 2,9 NL 7% no

uk 1,81 2,7

Global focus nl 57,7 86,6 NL 44% yes