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University of Groningen Exploring the mechanisms underlying the phenotype of MCAD deficiency with Systems Medicine Martines, Anne-Claire

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(1)University of Groningen. Exploring the mechanisms underlying the phenotype of MCAD deficiency with Systems Medicine Martines, Anne-Claire. IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below.. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record. Publication date: 2019 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database. Citation for published version (APA): Martines, A-C. (2019). Exploring the mechanisms underlying the phenotype of MCAD deficiency with Systems Medicine: from computational model to mice to man. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.. Download date: 28-06-2021.

(2) Appendices. .

(3)

(4) Summary  .

(5)

(6) Summary ‡†‹—Ǧ Šƒ‹ƒ ›ŽǦ‘†‡Š›†”‘‰‡ƒ•‡ȋȌ†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›ȋ

(7) ʹͲͳͶͷͲȌǡƒ†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›‘ˆ ƒ‹•‘‡œ›‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‘ Š‘†”‹ƒŽˆƒ––›ƒ ‹†‘š‹†ƒ–‹‘ȋ Ȍ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›ǡ‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•– ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡–‹„‘”‡””‘”•‘ˆ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹•ȋ

(8) ȌǤ†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›‹•ƒŽ•‘–Š‡‘•– ‘‘

(9)  ‘ˆ –Š‡   ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›Ǥ Š‡  ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡ ‡ ƒ– „‹”–Š ™ƒ• ͳȀͺ͵ͲͲ ‹ –Š‡ ‡–Š‡”Žƒ†• „‡–™‡‡ʹͲͲ͹ƒ†ʹͲͳͷȋŠƒ’–‡”ͳȌǤ ’Žƒ›•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡‹‡‡”‰›Š‘‡‘•–ƒ•‹• †—”‹‰ˆƒ•–‹‰ƒ† ‘†‹–‹‘•‘ˆŠ‹‰ŠǦ‡‡”‰›†‡ƒ†Ǥ†‡”–Š‡•‡ ‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ–Š‡Ž‹˜‡”—•‡• –Š‡ ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›–‘‰‡‡”ƒ–‡‡–‘‡„‘†‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡–Šƒ–‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”de novo ‰Ž— ‘•‡ ’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ Š‡”‡„› –Š‡   ‹• ‘ˆ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ˆ‘” ˆ—‡Ž •—’’Ž› –‘ –Š‡ ’‡”‹’Š‡”ƒŽ –‹••—‡•Ǥ–”‡ƒ–‡†Ǧ†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡–ȋȌ Š‹Ž†”‡”—ƒ•‡˜‡”‡”‹•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡Ǧ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‹‰Ž‘™ „Ž‘‘†‰Ž— ‘•‡ƒ†Ž‘™‡–‘‡„‘†›Ž‡˜‡Ž•ȋŠ›’‘‡–‘–‹ Š›’‘‰Ž› ‡‹ƒȌǤ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡”‡’‘”–‡†–‘–‘Ž‡”ƒ–‡ͳͺǦʹͶŠ‘—”•‘ˆˆƒ•–‹‰Ǥ’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ’”‘Ž‘‰‡†ˆƒ•–‹‰–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Šƒƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ–”‹‰‰‡”ǡ•— Šƒ•ƒ‹”™ƒ›‘”‰ƒ•–”‘‹–‡•–‹ƒŽ ‹ˆ‡ –‹‘• ‘” ‘Ž†‡š’‘•—”‡ǡ ƒ ’—– —–”‡ƒ–‡† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ– ”‹•Ǥ ˜‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ •—„’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‹–ŠƒŠ‘‘œ›‰‘—•Ž‘••Ǧ‘ˆǦˆ— –‹‘ Ǥͻͺͷε —–ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ Ǧ‡ ‘†‹‰ ACADM ‰‡‡ǡ •›’–‘• ƒ ”ƒ‰‡ ˆ”‘ ˆƒ–ƒŽ Š›’‘‡–‘–‹  Š›’‘‰Ž› ‡‹ƒ ‡ƒ”Ž› ‹ Ž‹ˆ‡ –‘ ƒ ‘’Ž‡–‡ Žƒ  ‘ˆ •›’–‘• –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ ‡‡–‹  ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‘†‹ˆ‹‡”• ‘—Ž† ’Žƒ› ƒ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‡‹–› ‹ ˜—Ž‡”ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ ‘” ”‘„—•–‡•• ƒ‰ƒ‹•– ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹ •–”‡••Ǥ ‘™–Š‹•˜—Ž‡”ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘””‘„—•–‡••ƒ”‹•‡•‹•ƒ•›‡–— Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ

(10) ›–Š‡•‹•

(11) Šƒ˜‡–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–ƒ‡ƒ•›•–‡•‡†‹ ‹‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š–‘‰‡–ƒ„‡––‡”‹•‹‰Š–‹–Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š ‡–‹‘Ž‘‰› ‘ˆ Ǥ › ‘˜‡”ƒ” Š‹‰ “—‡•–‹‘ Šƒ• „‡‡ ™Šƒ– ‡Ž‹ ‹–• Š›’‘‡–‘–‹  Š›’‘‰Ž› ‡‹ƒ ‹ •‘‡  ’ƒ–‹‡–• ƒ† ™Šƒ– ’”‘–‡ –• ‘–Š‡”•Ǥ

(12)  ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡† ™Š‹ Š ‘†‹ˆ›‹‰ˆƒ –‘”•™‹–Š‹ƒ†‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡’ƒ–Š™ƒ›ƒ›’—•Š‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹•ˆ”‘ƒƒ’’ƒ”‡–Ž› Š‡ƒŽ–Š› •–ƒ–‡ ‹–‘ –‘™ƒ”†• Š›’‘‡–‘–‹  Š›’‘‰Ž› ‡‹ƒ ƒ† ™Š‹ Š ˆƒ –‘”• ƒ› ‡‡’ –Š‡ ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹ ‡–™‘”•ƒˆ‡Ž›ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‹•†ƒ‰‡”‘—••–ƒ–‡Ǥ

(13) ‘”†‡”–‘ƒ•™‡”–Š‹•“—‡•–‹‘ǡ

(14)  ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†  †‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ › ‹ ƒ ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘†‡Ž ȋi.e. in silicoȌǡ ‹ ‹ ‡ in vivo ƒ† ‹ Š—ƒ ‡ŽŽ•in vitroǤ

(15) ˆ‹”•–‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘†‡Ž‘ˆ‹•‘Žƒ–‡† ‹”ƒ– Ž‹˜‡”ȋŠƒ’–‡”ʹȌǡ•‹ ‡

(16) ‹–‡†‡†–‘—•‡–Š‹•‘†‡Žƒ•ƒ„ƒ•‹•–‘ ‘•–”— –ƒŠ—ƒ‘†‡Ž ˜‡”•‹‘Žƒ–‡”Ǥ

(17) —”ƒ˜‡Ž‡†–Š‡‘”‹‰‹‘ˆ–Š‡•Šƒ”’†‡ Ž‹‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ˆŽ—š–Šƒ–‘ —””‡†‹–Š‡ ‘†‡ŽŠ‹‰Š•—„•–”ƒ–‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‹•ˆŽ—š†‡ Ž‹‡™ƒ• Ž‡ƒ”Ž›”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡’”‘‹• —‹–› ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡œ›‡•ǡi.e.–Š‡ˆƒ – –Šƒ––Š‡›ƒ ‡’–—Ž–‹’Ž‡Š‘‘Ž‘‰‘—••—„•–”ƒ–‡•ǡ™Š‹ Š ‘’‡–‡ˆ‘”„‹†‹‰–‘–Š‡ƒ –‹˜‡•‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡œ›‡Ǥ

(18) ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ˜‹ ‹‘—• › Ž‡ǡ–Šƒ–•–ƒ”–‡† ƒ– ‡†‹—Ǧ Šƒ‹ ‡–‘ƒ ›ŽǦ‘ –Š‹‘Žƒ•‡ ȋȌ ƒ† ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‡ •›•–‡ǡ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰–‘Ž‘™ ˆŽ—šǤ ‡”‡‹ǡ’”‘‹• —‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ•„‘–Š‡ ‡••ƒ”›ƒ†•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡––‘ ‡Ž‹ ‹––Š‡ˆŽ—š†‡ Ž‹‡ǤŠƒ†‹•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ƒ’ƒ ‹–›–‘ ‘’‡™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š•—„•–”ƒ–‡‹ˆŽ—šƒ† ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ ‹–ǯ• ‡–‘ƒ ›ŽǦ‘ •—„•–”ƒ–‡• •–ƒ”–‡† –‘ ƒ ——Žƒ–‡Ǥ Š‹• ƒ ——Žƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ƒ’Ž‹ˆ‹‡† „› –Š‡ ’”‡ ‡†‹‰ ‡œ›‡ǡ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ –‘ ƒ ——Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ —’•–”‡ƒ ‘ ‡•–‡”•ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒ ›ŽǦ‘‡•–‡”•ǡƒ†•‡“—‡•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆˆ”‡‡‘ȋ‘ ȌǤ‹ ‡‘ ‹•ƒ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ ‘ˆƒ –‘”‘ˆƒ†ƒ ›ŽǦ‘‡•–‡”•ƒ”‡’”‘†— –•ǡ‹–•ƒ –‹˜‹–›™ƒ•ˆ—”–Š‡”‹Š‹„‹–‡†Ǥ

(19) ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ‘ ‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ•—„•–”ƒ–‡‘ˆ‘–Š‡”‡œ›‡•‹–Š‡ ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡„›‹–• •‡“—‡•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ž› ‘—‹ ƒ–‡† –Š‡ Ǯ–”ƒˆˆ‹  Œƒǯ ƒ–  –‘ –Š‡ ‡–‹”‡ ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›ǡ —Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž›”‡•—Ž–‹‰‹Ž‘™ ˆŽ—šǤ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ

(20) ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡˜‹ ‹‘—• › Ž‡™ƒ•ƒ‰‰”ƒ˜ƒ–‡† „›ƒŠ‹‰Š  ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡Žƒ––‡” ƒ—•‡•’”‘†— –‹Š‹„‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†–Š‡”‡„› ‡Šƒ ‡•–Š‡ƒ ——Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘‡•–‡”•ƒ†•‡“—‡•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘ Ǥ. ʹͶͷ.

(21) Appendices

(22) Šƒ’–‡”͵ǡ

(23) ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†™Š‹ Š‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹ ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›• ‘–”‹„—–‡–‘–Š‡”‘„—•–‡••‘ˆˆƒ•–‡† Ǧ ‹ ‡ǡ •‹ ‡ ‹ –Š‡•‡ ‹ ‡ Ž‘™ „Ž‘‘† ‰Ž— ‘•‡ ‘” ‡–‘‡ „‘†› ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘• Šƒ† ‡˜‡”„‡‡‘„•‡”˜‡†ǤŠ‡‘ –ƒ‘›ŽǦ‘‘š‹†ƒ–‹‘ ƒ’ƒ ‹–›‘ˆŽ‹˜‡”‹–‘ Š‘†”‹ƒˆ”‘Ǧ ‹ ‡™ƒ•Ž‘™‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ‹ ‡ǤŠ‹•Ž‘™‡” ƒ’ƒ ‹–›™ƒ•‘– ‘’‡•ƒ–‡†ˆ‘”„› Š‹‰Š‡”’”‘–‡‹Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•Š‘”–Ǧƒ†Ž‘‰Ǧ Šƒ‹‹•‘‡œ›‡•ƒ†‹–Š‡Ǧ  ‹ ‡Ǥ ‡ †‹†Š‘™‡˜‡” ‘„•‡”˜‡ •—„–Ž‡ ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘•‹ –Š‡ ‡š’”‡••‹‘ ‘ˆ ‰‡‡• ‡ ‘†‹‰ ‡œ›‡•–Šƒ––ƒ‡‘ ǡȋȌΪ‘”ȋȌ ƒ•ƒ•—„•–”ƒ–‡‘”’”‘†— –ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‡œ›‡• ‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹†‡–‘š‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘•ƒ› ‘–”‹„—–‡–‘–Š‡”‘„—•–‡••‘ˆ–Š‡Ǧ ‹ ‡ƒ†™ƒ””ƒ–ˆ—”–Š‡”‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡•‡”‡•—Ž–• ‘””‘„‘”ƒ–‡–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡‘ˆ ‘ ƒ† ˆ‘” ˆ— –‹‘•Š‘™‹Šƒ’–‡”ʹǤ

(24) Šƒ’–‡”Ͷǡ

(25) ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†–Š‡Š‡’ƒ–‹ ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹•‘ˆ ‘Ž†Ǧ‡š’‘•‡†ǡˆƒ•–‡†Ǧ‹ ‡‹ ”‡•’‘•‡–‘•‡˜‡”‡‡‡”‰‡–‹ •–”‡••Ǥ†‡”–Š‡•‡ ‘†‹–‹‘•–Š‡Ǧ‹ ‡•Š‘™‡†ˆ‘” –Š‡ˆ‹”•––‹‡ǡŽ‘™‡”’Žƒ•ƒ‰Ž— ‘•‡Ž‡˜‡Ž•–Šƒ–Š‡Ǥ

(26) ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡Ǧ‹ ‡Šƒ† Ž‘™‡” Š‡’ƒ–‹  ƒ‹‘ ƒ ‹† Ž‡˜‡Ž• ƒ† Š‹‰Š‡” Ž‹˜‡” ™‡‹‰Š–•ǡ Ž‹˜‡” –‘–ƒŽ –”‹‰Ž› ‡”‹†‡•ǡ Ž‹˜‡” ‡†‹—Ǧ Šƒ‹ –”‹‰Ž› ‡”‹†‡• ƒ† Š‹‰Š‡” ’Žƒ•ƒ ‡†‹—Ǧ Šƒ‹ ƒ ›ŽǦ ƒ”‹–‹‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž•Ǥ

(27)  –Š‡ ‘•–•‡˜‡”‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†Ǧ‹ ‡ǡ™‡ƒŽ•‘‘„•‡”˜‡†Š‡’ƒ–‹ ‹ˆŽƒƒ–‹‘ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•‹ Ž‹‡™‹–Š–Š‡–”‡†–‘™ƒ”†•Ž‹˜‡”‹ˆŽƒƒ–‹‘‘„•‡”˜‡†‹ˆƒ•–‡†Ǧ‹ ‡‹Šƒ’–‡” ͵ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–••—‰‰‡•–ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡‘ˆŽ‹˜‡” ‹‰Ž— ‘•‡Š‘‡‘•–ƒ•‹•†—”‹‰ ‘Ž† •–”‡••‹ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘™‹–Šˆƒ•–‹‰ǤǦ‹ ‡ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†–‘—•‡ƒ‹‘ƒ ‹†•ƒƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ˆ—‡Ž –‘ ‘’‡•ƒ–‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‡ˆ‹ ‹‡–   ‹ –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ǡ ‰Ž— ‘•‡ǡ ƒ† ‡–‘‡ „‘†‹‡•ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ ‡š ‡•• ‡†‹—Ǧ Šƒ‹ ˆƒ––›Ǧƒ ‹† ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡• ™‡”‡ ‡š’‘”–‡† ƒ† ”‡”‘—–‡† †‹”‡ –Ž›‘”‹†‹”‡ –Ž›„› Šƒ‹‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘‹–‘–”‹‰Ž› ‡”‹†‡•Ǥ

(28) Šƒ’–‡”ͷǡ

(29) ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†Š‘™’ƒ–Š™ƒ›••—””‘—†‹‰–Š‡ ǡ‘–ƒ„Ž›–Š‘•‡–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡ – ‘ ǡ‘†—Žƒ–‡–Š‡‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹ ’Š‡‘–›’‡™Š‡‘”‘–Š‡”ƒ ›ŽǦ‘†‡Š›†”‘‰‡ƒ•‡• ƒ”‡†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡–ǤŠ‹••Š‘—Ž†‰‹˜‡‹•‹‰Š–•‹‘†‹ˆ›‹‰ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ–ƒ›’Žƒ›ƒ”‘Ž‡‹–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– †‹•‡ƒ•‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ’ƒ–‹‡–•Ǥ

(30) ˆ‹”•–ƒ†ƒ’–‡†–Š‡ ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘†‡Ž–Šƒ–™ƒ• —•‡† ‹ Šƒ’–‡” ʹ „› ‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ Š—ƒ ‹‡–‹  ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ

(31)  ƒ††‡†ƒ—„‡”‘ˆ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹ƒ ›ŽǦ‘‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹•ǤŠ‡•‡‘†‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘••–ƒ„‹Ž‹œ‡† –Š‡   ƒ† ’”‡˜‡–‡† –Š‡ ˆŽ—š †‡ Ž‹‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† ‹ Šƒ’–‡” ʹǤ ‹—Žƒ–‡† ˆŽ—š‡• ƒ† ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹–‡ ’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡• ”‡ˆŽ‡ –‡† –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ †‹•‡ƒ•‡ •‡˜‡”‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ ǡ ǡ ƒ†  †‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›‹Š—ƒ•Ǥ‡’”‡••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ—–‹Ž‡ › Ž‡‘ˆƒ ›ŽǦ‘Š›†”‘Ž›•‹•ƒ†”‡ƒ –‹˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ „›‘†—Žƒ–‹‰–Š‡•—„•–”ƒ–‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–›‘ˆͳǡ‹’ƒ‹”‡†–Š‡ ˆŽ—š•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡ †‡ˆ‹ ‹‡–‘†‡ŽǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‰‹˜‡ƒˆ‹”•–‹†‹ ƒ–‹‘Š‘™‰‡‡–‹ ‘†‹ˆ‹‡”•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡ •—””‘—†‹‰’ƒ–Š™ƒ›• ‘—Ž†ƒˆˆ‡ – ˆ— –‹‘‹’ƒ–‹‡–•Ǥ

(32)  Šƒ’–‡” ͸ǡ

(33)  ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡† ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹  ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘• ‹ —Ž–—”‡† •‹ ˆ‹„”‘„Žƒ•–•‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•–Šƒ–†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š•›’–‘ƒ–‹ ˆ”‘ƒ•›’–‘ƒ–‹  ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǤŠ‡ˆ‹„”‘„Žƒ•–•‘ˆ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ•›’–‘ƒ–‹ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•”‡•‡„Ž‡†–Š‘•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” •›’–‘ƒ–‹  ‘—–‡”’ƒ”–•Ǥ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ•›’–‘ƒ–‹  Š‹Ž†”‡ ™‡”‡ Š‘™‡˜‡” †‹ƒ‰‘•‡†ƒ–ƒ›‘—‰ƒ‰‡ƒ†‘‡‹‰Š–™‘†‡”‹ˆ–Š‡›™‡”‡ƒ•›’–‘ƒ–‹ „‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ –”‡ƒ–‡– ‘” „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‰‡‡–‹  ƒ‡Ǧ—’Ǥ ‡  ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ™ƒ• †‹ƒ‰‘•‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ͵Ͳ ƒ† ™ƒ• ‰‡—‹‡Ž› ƒ•›’–‘ƒ–‹  –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– Ž‹ˆ‡ǡ ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ› –”‡ƒ–‡–Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹„”‘„Žƒ•–• ‘ˆ –Š‹• ’‡”•‘ •‡ ”‡–‡† ƒ ›ŽǦ ƒ”‹–‹‡• ƒ– ƒ Š‹‰Š‡” ”ƒ–‡ ƒ† Šƒ† Š‹‰Š‡” ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆǤ–Š‡”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’”‘–‡‘‡‘ˆ–Š‹•’‡”•‘ƒ†ƒŽŽ ‘–Š‡”•ǡ ™‡”‡ ‘– ”‡’”‘†— ‹„Ž‡Ǥ

(34)  •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ› „‡ Žƒ”‰‡” ™Š‡ –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ• †‡’‡†‘”‡‘–Š‡ ǡ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ™Š‡–Š‡‰Ž— ‘•‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘‹•Ž‘™‡”‡†ˆ—”–Š‡”Ǥ ʹͶ͸.

(35) Summary Š‹•–Š‡•‹• Šƒ• ƒ††‡† –‘ –Š‡ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ  †‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ › „› —•‹‰ ƒ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ›•–‡•‡†‹ ‹‡–‘‘Ž•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘„–ƒ‹‡†„› ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘†‡Ž‹‰ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡–• ™‹–Š‹ ‡ƒ†’ƒ–‹‡–Ǧ†‡”‹˜‡† ‡ŽŽ•ǡ•—‰‰‡•–ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ––Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‘ ǡ‹–• ‘Œ—‰ƒ–‡† –Š‹‘‡•–‡”•ƒ†ȋȌȋ Ȍ‹ ˆ— –‹‘ƒ††‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›ǤŠ‡Š—ƒ˜‡”•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘†‡ŽȋŠƒ’–‡”ͷȌ™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ––‘‘Ž–‘‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ ˆ”‘Š—ƒ–‹••—‡ƒ†‘„–ƒ‹ƒ„‡––‡”—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›ǤŠ‡‰”‘—†™‘” ƒ††‹• —••‹‘•Žƒ‹†‘—–‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•’”‘˜‹†‡‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•ˆ‘”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ—’•–—†‹‡•–‘—”ƒ˜‡Ž –Š‡‡–‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆŠ‡–‡”‘‰‡‡‘—•’Š‡‘–›’‡•‹†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›Ǥ

(36) Š‘’‡–Šƒ–‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡ǡ–Š‡ ‘„–ƒ‹‡†”‡•—Ž–™‹ŽŽ‡ƒ„Ž‡‘”‡’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹œ‡††‹ƒ‰‘•‡•ǡ’”‘‰‘•‡•ƒ†–”‡ƒ–‡–•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• ˆ‘”†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›Ǥ   . ʹͶ͹.

(37)

(38) . . ^ĂŵĞŶǀĂƚƚŝŶŐ                    .

(39)                  .

(40) Samenvatting ‹††‡Ǧ‡–‡ ƒ ›ŽǦ‘ †‡Š›†”‘‰‡ƒ•‡ ȋȌ †‡ˆ‹ ‹´–‹‡ ȋ

(41)  ʹͲͳͶͷͲȌ ‹• ‡‡ ‡œ›†‡ˆ‡ – ‹ †‡ ‹–‘ Š‘†”‹´Ž‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡”‘—–‡Ǥ Ǧ†‡ˆ‹ ‹´–‹‡ ‹• ‡‡ ˜ƒ †‡ ‡‡•– ˜‘‘”‘‡†‡ ƒƒ‰‡„‘”‡ •–‘ˆ™‹••‡Ž‹‰•œ‹‡–‡•Ǥ ‡–‹•‘‘Š‡– ‡‡•– ˜‘‘”‘‡†‡ ƒƒ‰‡„‘”‡ †‡ˆ‡ – ‹ †‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡Ǥ 

(42)  ‡†‡”Žƒ† ™ƒ• †‡ ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡–‹‡ „‹Œ ‰‡„‘‘”–‡ ͳȀͺ͵ͲͲ–—••‡ʹͲͲ͹‡ʹͲͳͷȋ ‘‘ˆ†•–—ͳȌǤ‡‹–‘ Š‘†”‹´Ž‡˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡•’‡‡Ž–‡‡ „‡Žƒ‰”‹Œ‡”‘Ž‹‘œ‡‡‡”‰‹‡Š—‹•Š‘—†‹‰ǡ‡–ƒ‡–‹Œ†‡•˜ƒ•–‡‘ˆƒŽ•™‡˜‡‡Ž‡‡”‰‹‡ ˜‡”„”—‹‡Ǥ†‡”†‡œ‡‘•–ƒ†‹‰Š‡†‡œ‘”‰–˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡‹†‡Ž‡˜‡”˜‘‘”†‡’”‘†— –‹‡ ˜ƒ‡–‘Ž‹ Šƒ‡‡˜‘‘”†‡†‹‡‘†‹‰‹•‘‹‡—™‡‰Ž— ‘•‡ –‡ƒ‡Ǥ ‹‡”‡‡‹•†‹– ’”‘ ‡•˜ƒ‡••‡–‹‡‡Ž„‡Žƒ‰˜‘‘”†‡„”ƒ†•–‘ˆ˜‘‘”œ‹‡‹‰˜ƒ†‡‘”‰ƒ‡‹Š‡–Ž‹ ŠƒƒǤ Ž•Ǧ†‡ˆ‹ ‹´–‡ȋȌ‹†‡”‡‹‡–™‘”†‡„‡Šƒ†‡Ž†ǡŽ‘’‡œ‡‡‡‡”•–‹‰”‹•‹ ‘ ‘’ Ž‡˜‡•„‡†”‡‹‰‡†‡ Žƒ‰‡ „Ž‘‡†•—‹‡”™ƒƒ”†‡ ‡ Žƒ‰‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡• ˜ƒ ‡–‘Ž‹ Šƒ‡Ǥ ‹–™‘”†–Š›’‘‡–‘–‹• Š‡Š›’‘‰Ž› ‡‹‡‰‡‘‡†Ǥ‘ Š‹•„‡• Š”‡˜‡†ƒ–Ǧ’ƒ–‹´–‡ ͳͺ –‘– ʹͶ ——” —‡ ˜ƒ•–‡Ǥ ‡– ‹• †‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‡ ˜ƒ Žƒ‰†—”‹‰ ˜ƒ•–‡ ‡– ‡‡ ‡š–”ƒ ”‹•‹ ‘ˆƒ –‘”ǡ œ‘ƒŽ• ‡‡ Ž— Š–™‡‰Ǧ ‘ˆ †ƒ”‹ˆ‡ –‹‡ ‘ˆ „Ž‘‘–•–‡ŽŽ‹‰ ƒƒ ‘—ǡ †‹‡ ‰‡˜ƒƒ”Ž‹Œ ‹• ˜‘‘” Œ‘‰‡ Ǧ’ƒ–‹´–‡Ǥ ” ‹• ‡ Š–‡” ‡‡ ‰”‘–‡ Ž‹‹• Š‡ Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‹–‡‹– ‹ †‡œ‡ ’ƒ–‹´–‡‰”‘‡’Ǥ‡Žˆ•„‹‡†‡•—„’‘’—Žƒ–‹‡˜ƒ’ƒ–‹´–‡‡–†‡œ‡Žˆ†‡ ͻͺͷε —–ƒ–‹‡ǡ †‹‡ Š‡– ‡œ› ˜‘ŽŽ‡†‹‰ ‹ƒ –‹˜‡‡”–ǡ —‡ †‡ •›’–‘‡ ˜ƒ”‹´”‡ ˜ƒ ‡‡ ˆƒ–ƒŽ‡ Š›’‘‡–‘–‹• Š‡ Š›’‘‰Ž› ‡‹‡ –‘– ‡‡ Ž‡˜‡•Žƒ‰ ‘–„”‡‡ ˜ƒ ‡‹‰‡ œ‹‡–‡˜‡”• Š‹Œ•‡Ž‡ †‹‡ ‡–  ‹ ˜‡”„ƒ† —‡ ™‘”†‡ ‰‡„”ƒ Š–Ǥ ‡‡–‹• Š‡ ‡ ‘‰‡˜‹‰•ˆƒ –‘”‡ —‡ ‡‡ ”‘Ž •’‡Ž‡ ‹ †‡ Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‹–‡‹– ˜ƒ†‡œ‡ ’ƒ–‹´–‡ ‰”‘‡’Ǥ ƒ– †‡ ‰‡˜‘‡Ž‹‰Š‡‹† ˜ƒ‹†‹˜‹†—‡Ž‡’ƒ–‹´–‡’”‡ ‹‡•„‡’ƒƒŽ–ǡ‹•‡ Š–‡”‹‡–†—‹†‡Ž‹ŒǤ

(43) ‹Œ’”‘‡ˆ• Š”‹ˆ–Š‡„‹ †ƒƒ”‘†‡ƒƒ’ƒ˜ƒ†‡Ǯ•›•–‡‡‰‡‡‡•—†‡ǯ‰‡˜‘Ž‰†‘‡‡„‡–‡”‹œ‹ Š––‡”‹Œ‰‡‹ Š‡–‘–•–ƒƒ˜ƒ•›’–‘‡„‹ŒǤ‹Œ‘˜‡”‘‡’‡Ž‡†‡˜”ƒƒ‰‹•™ƒ–‡”˜‘‘”œ‘”‰–†ƒ– „‹Œ •‘‹‰‡ ’ƒ–‹´–‡ ‡‡ Š›’‘‡–‘–‹• Š‡ Š›’‘‰Ž› ‡‹‡ ‘’–”‡‡†–ǡ –‡”™‹ŒŽ ƒ†‡”‡ Š‹‡”–‡‰‡ „‡• Š‡”† Ž‹Œ‡Ǥ

(44)  Š‡„ ‘†‡”œ‘ Š– ™‡Ž‡ ‘†—Žƒ–‹‡• „‹‡ ‡ „—‹–‡ †‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ǡ †‡ •–‘ˆ™‹••‡Ž‹‰ ˜ƒ—‹– ‡‡ • Š‹Œ„ƒƒ” ‰‡œ‘†‡ –‘‡•–ƒ† ƒƒ” ‡‡ Š›’‘‡–‘–‹• Š‡ Š›’‘‰Ž› ‡‹‡ —‡ †—™‡ǡ ƒƒ” ‘‘ ™‡Ž‡ ˆƒ –‘”‡ Œ—‹•– „‡• Š‡”‹‰ „‹‡†‡ –‡‰‡ †‡œ‡ ‰‡˜ƒƒ”Ž‹Œ‡ –‘‡•–ƒ†Ǥ  †‡œ‡ ˜”ƒ‰‡ –‡ —‡ „‡ƒ–™‘‘”†‡ Š‡„ ‹ Ǧ†‡ˆ‹ ‹´–‹‡ ‘†‡”œ‘ Š– †‘‘” ‹††‡Ž ˜ƒ ‘’—–‡”•‹—Žƒ–‹‡• ‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–‡ ‡– —‹œ‡‡‡•‡Ž‹Œ‡ ‡ŽŽ‡Ǥ

(45)  „‡ „‡‰‘‡ Š‡– ‰‡†”ƒ‰ ˜ƒ ‡‡ ”‡‡†• „‡•–ƒƒ† ‘’—–‡”‘†‡Ž ˜ƒ †‡ ‰‡Ã•‘Ž‡‡”†‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ ‹ ”ƒ––‡Ž‡˜‡” –‡ ‘†‡”œ‘‡‡ ȋ ‘‘ˆ†•–— ʹȌǤ ‹– ‘†‡Ž œ‘— ‹ Žƒ–‡” ‹ ‘‘ˆ†•–— ͷ ‘†‹‰ Š‡„„‡ ƒŽ• „ƒ•‹• ˜‘‘” ‡‡ ‘†‡Ž ˜ƒ †‡ ‡•‡Ž‹Œ‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡Ǥ ‘’—–‡”•‹—Žƒ–‹‡• „”ƒ Š–‡ ‡‡ • Š‡”’‡ †ƒŽ‹‰ ˜ƒ †‡ •‡ŽŠ‡‹† ˜ƒ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ „‹Œ Š‘‰‡ •—„•–”ƒƒ– ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡ ƒƒ Š‡– Ž‹ Š–Ǥ

(46)  Š‡„ Š‡– ‡ Šƒ‹•‡ †ƒ– Š‹‡”˜‘‘” ˜‡”ƒ–™‘‘”†‡Ž‹Œ ‹•ǡ ‘–”ƒˆ‡Ž†Ǥ ‡ †ƒŽ‹‰ ˜ƒ †‡ •‡ŽŠ‡‹† Šƒ† †—‹†‡Ž‹Œ –‡ ƒ‡ ‡– †‡ ’”‘‹• —Ö‡‹–˜ƒ†‡„‡–”‘‡‡œ›‡Ǥ ‹‡”‡‡„‡†‘‡Ž‹†ƒ–†‡‡œ›‡˜‡”• Š‹ŽŽ‡†‡ǡ ‘’‡Žƒƒ”Ž‹Œ‡†‡•—„•–”ƒ–‡ƒ ‡’–‡”‡ǡ™‡Ž‡‘’Š—„‡—”– ‘ —””‡”‡˜‘‘”†‡„‹†‹‰ ƒƒŠ‡–ƒ–ƒŽ›–‹• Š‡ ‡–”—˜ƒŠ‡–‡œ›Ǥ

(47) ™ƒ‡‡˜‹ ‹‡—œ‡ ‹”‡Ž‘’Š‡–•’‘‘”†‹‡ œ‹Œ‘‘”•’”‘‰Šƒ†‹Š‡–‡œ›‹††‡‡–‡‡–‘ƒ ›ŽǦ–Š‹‘Žƒ•‡ȋȌǡœ‹ Š˜‘‘”–’Žƒ––‡ †‘‘” Š‡– ‰‡Š‡Ž‡ •›•–‡‡ ‡ —‹–‡‹†‡Ž‹Œ Ž‡‹††‡ –‘– Š‡– ‹•–‘”–‡ ˜ƒ †‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡•‡ŽŠ‡‹†Ǥ‡’”‘‹• —Ö‡‹–˜ƒ™ƒ•‡‡‘‘†œƒ‡Ž‹Œ‡‡˜‘Ž†‘‡†‡ ˜‘‘”™ƒƒ”†‡˜‘‘”†‹–˜‡”• Š‹Œ•‡ŽǤŠƒ†–‡™‡‹‹‰ƒ–ƒŽ›–‹• Š‡ ƒ’ƒ ‹–‡‹–‘‡‡Š‘‰‡ ‹•–”‘‘˜ƒ˜‡–œ—”‡–‡—‡˜‡”™‡”‡Ǥƒƒ”†‘‘”„‡‰‘‡‡–‘Ǧƒ ›ŽǦ‘‘Ž‡ —Ž‡ǡ †‡ •—„•–”ƒ–‡ ˜ƒ ǡ ‘’ –‡ Š‘’‡Ǥ ‡œ‡ ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹‡–•–ƒ’‡Ž‹‰ ™‡”† ˜‡”•–‡”– †‘‘” ʹͷͳ.

(48) Appendices ’”‘†— –”‡‹‰ ˜ƒ Š‡– ˜‘‘”‰ƒƒ†‡ ‡œ›ǡ œ‘†ƒ– ‘‘ ƒ ›ŽǦ‘ ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹‡–‡ •–”‘‘‘’™ƒƒ”–•„‡‰‘‡‘’–‡Š‘’‡Ǥ†ƒ–†‹–ƒŽŽ‡ƒƒŽ–Š‹‘‡•–‡”•˜ƒ ‘‡œ›œ‹Œǡ Ž‡‹††‡ †‹– –‘– ‡‡ –‡‘”– ƒƒ „‡• Š‹„ƒƒ” ‘‡œ› Ǥ — œ‹Œ †‡ ƒ ›ŽǦ‘ ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹‡–‡ –‡˜‡•’”‘†— –‡˜ƒ‡‹•˜”‹Œ ‘‡œ›‡‡•—„•–”ƒƒ–˜ƒ†‹–‡œ›Ǥ ‡––‡‘”– ƒƒ ‘‡œ›‡†‡‘˜‡”ƒƒ–˜ƒƒ ›ŽǦ‘Šƒ††ƒƒ”†‘‘”‡‡•–‡””‡‡†‡™‡”‹‰‘’ Ǥ ‘‡œ›  ‹• „‘˜‡†‹‡ ‡‡ ‡••‡–‹´Ž‡ ‘ˆƒ –‘” ˜‘‘” ˜‡‡Ž ƒ†‡”‡ ‡œ›‡ ‹ †‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡Ǥ ‡– –‡‘”– ƒƒ ‘‡œ›  ‘—‹ ‡‡”†‡ †‡ ‘–•–ƒ‡ ‘’•–‘’’‹‰ „‹Œ †ƒƒ”†‘‘”•‡Žƒƒ”†‡”‡•–˜ƒŠ‡–•›•–‡‡Ǥ‹–”‡•—Ž–‡‡”†‡—‹–‡‹†‡Ž‹Œ‹‡‡•–‡” ˜‡”Žƒƒ‰†‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡•‡ŽŠ‡‹†Ǥ ‡ •Ž‘––‡ ™ƒ ‹ ‡”ƒ Š–‡” †ƒ– †‡ ˜‹ ‹‡—œ‡ ‹”‡Ž ˜‡”•–‡”–™‡”††‘‘”‡‡Š‘‰‡  ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡Ǥ œ‘”‰–˜‘‘”’”‘†— –”‡‹‰˜ƒ†‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ ‡ ˜‡”‡”‰‡”– †‡ ‘’Š‘’‹‰ ˜ƒ ‡•–‡”• ˜ƒ ‘‡œ›  ‡ †‡ —‹–’—––‹‰ ˜ƒ ˜”‹Œ„‡• Š‹„ƒƒ” ‘‡œ›Ǥ

(49)  ‘‘ˆ†•–—͵Š‡„‹‘†‡”œ‘ Š–™‡Ž‡•–‘ˆ™‹••‡Ž‹‰•’”‘ ‡••‡—‡„‹Œ†”ƒ‰‡ƒƒ†‡ ”‘„——•–Š‡‹† ˜ƒ —‹œ‡ ™ƒƒ”‹ Š‡– ‰‡ †ƒ– ‘†‡‡”– ˜‘‘” ǡ ™ƒ• —‹–‰‡• Šƒ‡Ž†  †‘‘” ‰‡‡–‹• Š‡ ‘†‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‡Ǥ

(50)  †‡œ‡ —‹œ‡ ™ƒ”‡ ‘‰ ‹‡– ‡‡”†‡” Žƒ‰‡ „Ž‘‡†•—‹‡”™ƒƒ”†‡• ‘ˆ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡• ˜ƒ ‡–‘Ž‹ Šƒ‡ ƒƒ‰‡–‘‘† –‹Œ†‡• ˜ƒ•–‡Ǥ ‡ Ž‡˜‡”• ˜ƒ —‹œ‡ œ‘†‡” Šƒ††‡‡‡Žƒ‰‡”‡ƒ–ƒŽ›–‹• Š‡ ƒ’ƒ ‹–‡‹–˜‘‘”†‡‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡˜ƒ‘ –ƒ‘›ŽǦ‘†ƒ†‡ ‹‡–Ǧ‰‡‘†‹ˆ‹ ‡‡”†‡ —‹œ‡Ǥ ‡œ‡ Žƒ‰‡”‡ ƒ’ƒ ‹–‡‹– ™‡”† ‹‡– ‰‡ ‘’‡•‡‡”† †‘‘” ˜‡”Š‘‘‰†‡ ‡‹™‹–‹˜‡ƒ—• ˜ƒ †‡ ‹•‘‡œ›‡ ‘”–‡Ǧ‡–‡Ǧ ‡ Žƒ‰‡Ǧ‡–‡Ǧƒ ›ŽǦ‘ †‡Š›†”‘‰‡ƒ•‡•ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹‡˜‡Ž‹Œ‡Ǥ‡Žƒ‹•—„–‹‡Ž‡ƒƒ’ƒ••‹‰‡™ƒƒ”‹ †‡‡š’”‡••‹‡˜ƒ‰‡‡†‹‡ ‘†‡”‡˜‘‘”‡œ›‡†‹‡ ‘‡œ›ǡȋȌΪ‘ˆȋȌ ƒŽ• •—„•–”ƒƒ–‘ˆ’”‘†— –Š‡„„‡ǡƒŽ•‡†‡‹‡œ›‡†‹‡„‡–”‘‡œ‹Œ„‹Œ‘–‰‹ˆ–‹‰•”‡ƒ –‹‡•Ǥ ‡œ‡ ƒƒ’ƒ••‹‰‡ —‡ ‘‰‡Ž‹Œ‡”™‹Œ• „‹Œ†”ƒ‰‡ ƒƒ †‡ ”‘„——•–Š‡‹† ˜ƒ †‡ —‹œ‡ œ‘†‡”‡œ‹Œ†‡‘‡‹–‡™ƒƒ”†‘˜‡”†‡”–‡‘†‡”œ‘‡‡Ǥ‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡˜‡”•–‡”‡ ‘‘‹Œ‡‡”†‡”‡„‡˜‹†‹‰‡‹ ‘‘ˆ†•–—ʹ†ƒ– ‘‡œ›‡ „‡Žƒ‰”‹Œœ‹Œ˜‘‘” Š‡–ˆ— –‹‘‡”‡˜ƒ†‡˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡Ǥ

(51)  ‘‘ˆ†•–— Ͷ Š‡„ ‹ †‡ Ž‡˜‡”•–‘ˆ™‹••‡Ž‹‰ ‘†‡”œ‘ Š– ™ƒ‡‡” —‹œ‡ œ‘†‡”  ™‡”†‡ „Ž‘‘–‰‡•–‡Ž† ƒƒ ‡‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‡ ˜ƒ ‘—†‡ ‡ ˜ƒ•–‡ǡ ™ƒ– ‡‡ ‰”‘–‡ ‡‡”‰‡–‹• Š‡ —‹–†ƒ‰‹‰ –‡™‡‡‰„”‡‰–Ǥ †‡” †‡œ‡ ‘•–ƒ†‹‰Š‡†‡ ˜‘† ‹ ˜‘‘” Š‡– ‡‡”•– Žƒ‰‡”‡ „Ž‘‡†‰Ž— ‘•‡™ƒƒ”†‡ ‹ —‹œ‡ œ‘†‡”  †ƒ ‹ †‡ ‹‡–Ǧ‰‡‘†‹ˆ‹ ‡‡”†‡ —‹œ‡Ǥ ‘˜‡†‹‡Šƒ††‡†‡—‹œ‡œ‘†‡”Žƒ‰‡”‡ƒ‹‘œ——” ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡•‹†‡Ž‡˜‡”Ǥ‡ Šƒ††‡ ‘‘ ‡‡ œ™ƒƒ”†‡”‡ Ž‡˜‡” ‡ ‡‡ Š‘‰‡”‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡ ˜ƒ –”‹‰Ž› ‡”‹†‡• ‹ †‡ Ž‡˜‡” ȋœ‘™‡Ž †‡ –‘–ƒŽ‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡ ƒŽ• †‹‡ ˜ƒ †‡ ‹††‡Ǧ‡–‡ –”‹‰Ž› ‡”‹†‡•Ȍǡ ‡ Š‘‰‡”‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡•˜ƒ‹††‡Ǧ‡–‡ƒ ›ŽǦ ƒ”‹–‹‡•‹Š‡–„Ž‘‡†Ǥ

(52) †‡—‹•†‹‡Š‡–•–‡”•–™ƒ• ƒƒ‰‡†ƒƒ†‘‘”†‡ƒˆ™‡œ‹‰Š‡‹†˜ƒǡƒ‹‘‘‡‡‘–•–‡‹‰˜ƒ†‡Ž‡˜‡”™ƒƒ”Ǥ‹– ’ƒ•– „‹Œ ‹Œ ™ƒƒ”‡‹‰ ‹ ‘‘ˆ†•–— ͵ †ƒ– †‡ —‹œ‡ œ‘†‡”  ƒŽ –‹Œ†‡• ‰‡™‘‘ ˜ƒ•–‡ ‡‹‰‡ ‡‹‰‹‰ –‘– ‘–•–‡‹‰ ˜ƒ †‡ Ž‡˜‡” Š‡„„‡Ǥ  ‡ ”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡ •—‰‰‡”‡”‡ †ƒ– ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡‹†‡Ž‡˜‡”‡‡„‡Žƒ‰”‹Œ‡”‘Ž•’‡‡Ž–‹†‡Š‘‡‘•–ƒ•‡˜ƒ‰Ž— ‘•‡–‹Œ†‡• ˜ƒ•–‡ ‹ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‡ ‡– ‘—Ǥ —‹œ‡ œ‘†‡”  Ž‡‡ ƒ‹‘œ—”‡ –‡ ‰‡„”—‹‡ ƒŽ• ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹‡˜‡ „”ƒ†•–‘ˆ ‘ –‡ ‘’‡•‡”‡ ˜‘‘” †‡ †‡ˆ‡ –‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ǡ œ‘†ƒ– œ‡ –‘ Š ‡‰Ž— ‘•‡‘†‡ƒ‡Ǥ‡‘˜‡”ƒƒ–˜ƒ‹††‡Ǧ‡–‡˜‡–œ—”‡™‡”††‘‘”†‡Ž‡˜‡” ‰‡´š’‘”–‡‡”†‹ †‡ ˜‘” ˜ƒ ƒ ›ŽǦ ƒ”‹–‹‡•  ‘ˆ ‹‰‡„‘—™† ‹ –”‹‰Ž› ‡”‹†‡•ǡ ƒŽ †ƒ ‹‡– ƒ ˜‡”Ž‡‰‹‰˜ƒ†‡˜‡–œ——”‡–‡•Ǥ

(53)  ‘‘ˆ†•–— ͷ Š‡„ ‹ †‡ ‹˜Ž‘‡† ‘†‡”œ‘ Š– ˜ƒ †‡ •–‘ˆ™‹••‡Ž‹‰•”‘—–‡• †‹‡ ‹ ‘–ƒ – •–ƒƒ‡–†‡˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ǡ‡–ƒ‡†‡‰‡‡™ƒƒ”‹ ‘‡œ›„‡–”‘‡‹•Ǥ

(54) Š‡„Š‡– ʹͷʹ.

(55) Samenvatting ‡ˆˆ‡ – ˜ƒ †‡œ‡ ’”‘ ‡••‡ ‘’ Š‡–  ˆ‡‘–›’‡ „‡•–—†‡‡”† †‘‘” ‹††‡Ž ˜ƒ ‘’—–‡”•‹—Žƒ–‹‡• ˜ƒ †‡ Ž‡˜‡”•–‘ˆ™‹••‡Ž‹‰Ǥ ‹– ƒ ‹œ‹ Š– ‰‡˜‡ ‹™‡Ž‡ ˆƒ –‘”‡ ‡‡ ”‘Ž•’‡Ž‡‹Š‡–œ‹‡–‡„‡‡Ž†˜ƒ‹†‹˜‹†—‡Ž‡’ƒ–‹´–‡Ǥ‡”•–Š‡„‹Š‡– ‘’—–‡”‘†‡Ž—‹– ‘‘ˆ†•–— ʹ ƒƒ‰‡’ƒ•– †‘‘” ‡” †‡ „‡• Š‹„ƒ”‡ ‹‡–‹• Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• ˜‘‘” ‡•‡Ž‹Œ‡ ‡œ›‡‹–‡˜‘‡‰‡Ǥ‡”†‡”Š‡„‹‡‡ƒƒ–ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••‡–‘‡‰‡˜‘‡‰††‹‡„‡–”‘‡œ‹Œ„‹Œ †‡ ‘œ‡––‹‰‡ ˜ƒ ƒ ›ŽǦ‘Ǥ ‡œ‡ ƒƒ’ƒ••‹‰‡ ƒƒ–‡ †‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ •–ƒ„‹‡Ž‡” ‡ ˜‘‘”™ƒ‡ †‡ Š‡– ‹•–‘”–‡ ˜ƒ †‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ˆŽ—š †‹‡ ‹ ‹ ‘‘ˆ†•–— ʹ Šƒ† „‡•–—†‡‡”†Ǥ ‡ ‰‡•‹—Ž‡‡”†‡ •‡ŽŠ‡†‡ ‡ ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹‡–’”‘ˆ‹‡Ž‡ ™‡‡”•’‹‡‰‡Ž†‡ †‡ ‡”•– ˜ƒǦǡǦ‡Ǧ†‡ˆ‹ ‹´–‹‡‹‡•‡Ǥ‘‡‹†‡‹‡–Ǧ’”‘†— –‹‡˜‡ › Ž—•˜ƒ ƒ ›ŽǦ‘Š›†”‘Ž›•‡‡”‡ƒ –‹˜‡”‹‰‘†‡”†”—–‡†‘‘”†‡•—„•–”ƒƒ–•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–‡‹–˜ƒͳ–‡ ˜‡”ƒ†‡”‡ǡ „Ž‡‡ †‹– †‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ ‡– ƒ‡ ‹ Š‡–  ‘†‡Ž –‡ ”‡‡Ǥ ‡ ”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡ ‰‡˜‡ ‡‡ ‡‡”•–‡ ‹†”— Š‘‡ ‰‡‡–‹• Š‡ ˜‡”• Š‹ŽŽ‡ ‡– „‡–”‡‹‰ –‘– †‡ ’”‘ ‡••‡ ”‘†‘ †‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ —‹–‡‹†‡Ž‹Œ †‡ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ œ‡Žˆ —‡ „‡Ã˜Ž‘‡†‡‹Ǧ’ƒ–‹´–‡Ǥ

(56)  ‘‘ˆ†•–—͸Š‡„‹–‡•Ž‘––‡‰‡œ‘ Š–ƒƒ”ƒƒ’ƒ••‹‰‡‹†‡•–‘ˆ™‹••‡Ž‹‰™ƒƒ”‡‡™‡ ‘†‡”• Š‡‹†—‡ƒ‡–—••‡Ǧ’ƒ–‹´–‡‡–‡œ‘†‡”•›’–‘‡Ǥ

(57) Š‡„†‹– ‘†‡”œ‘ Š– ‹ ‰‡™‡‡–‡ ˆ‹„”‘„Žƒ•–‡ ˜ƒ †‡ Š—‹† †‹‡ ™ƒ”‡ ƒˆ‰‡‘‡ ˜ƒ ‹†‹˜‹†—‡Ž‡ Ǧ’ƒ–‹´–‡Ǥ ‡ ˆ‹„”‘„Žƒ•–‡ ˜ƒ •›’–‘ƒ–‹• Š‡ ‡ ƒ•›’–‘ƒ–‹• Š‡ ’ƒ–‹´–‡ Ž‡‡•–‡”‘’‡Žƒƒ”Ǥ‘‹‰‡ƒ•›’–‘ƒ–‹• Š‡’ƒ–‹´–‡Šƒ††‡Š—†‹ƒ‰‘•‡‡ Š–‡”‘’ Œ‘‰‡ Ž‡‡ˆ–‹Œ† ‰‡”‡‰‡ ‡ Œ‡ —– Œ‡ ƒˆ˜”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ œ‡ ƒ•›’–‘ƒ–‹• Š ™ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ™‡‰‡ Š— „‡Šƒ†‡Ž‹‰ ‘ˆ ˜ƒ™‡‰‡ Š— ‰‡‡–‹• Š‡ ƒ Š–‡”‰”‘†Ǥ ± Ǧ’ƒ–‹´– ™ƒ• ‡ Š–‡” ’ƒ• ‰‡†‹ƒ‰‘•–‹ ‡‡”† ‘’ ͵ͲǦŒƒ”‹‰‡ Ž‡‡ˆ–‹Œ† ‡ ™ƒ• ™‡”‡Ž‹Œ Ž‡˜‡•Žƒ‰ ƒ•›’–‘ƒ–‹• Š ‰‡„Ž‡˜‡ǡ œ‘†‡” ‡‹‰‡ „‡Šƒ†‡Ž‹‰Ǥ ‡ ˆ‹„”‘„Žƒ•–‡ ˜ƒ †‡œ‡ ’‡”•‘‘ ˜‡”–‘‘†‡ ‡‡ Š‘‰‡”‡ —‹–• Š‡‹†‹‰ ˜ƒ ƒ ›ŽǦ ƒ”‹–‹‡• ‡‡ Š‘‰‡”‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡ ˜ƒ Ǥ †‡”‡ ˜‡”• Š‹ŽŽ‡ –—••‡ Š‡– ’”‘–‡‘‘ ˜ƒ †‡ ˆ‹„”‘„Žƒ•–‡ ˜ƒ †‡œ‡ ’‡”•‘‘ ‡ †ƒ– ˜ƒ ƒŽŽ‡ ƒ†‡”‡™ƒ”‡‹‡–Š‡”ŠƒƒŽ„ƒƒ”Ǥ

(58) •–‡Ž˜‘‘”†ƒ–†‡˜‡”• Š‹ŽŽ‡‘‰‡Ž‹Œ‰”‘–‡”œ—ŽŽ‡œ‹Œ ƒŽ• †‡ ‡ŽŽ‡ ‡‡” ƒˆŠƒ‡Ž‹Œ ™‘”†‡ ‰‡ƒƒ– ˜ƒ ˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡ǡ „‹Œ˜‘‘”„‡‡Ž† †‘‘” †‡ ‰Ž— ‘•‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‡˜‡”†‡”‘Žƒƒ‰–‡„”‡‰‡Ǥ ‡– ‹Œ ’”‘‡ˆ• Š”‹ˆ– Š‘‘’ ‹ –‡ Š‡„„‡ „‹Œ‰‡†”ƒ‰‡ ƒƒ Š‡– „‡‰”‹’ ˜ƒ  †‘‘” ‰‡„”—‹ –‡ ƒ‡ ˜ƒ ‡–Š‘†‡• —‹– †‡ •›•–‡‡‰‡‡‡•—†‡Ǥ ‡ ”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡ †‹‡ ‹ Š‡„ ˜‡””‡‰‡†‘‘”‹††‡Ž˜ƒ ‘’—–‡”•‹—Žƒ–‹‡•‡‡š’‡”‹‡–‡‡–—‹œ‡‡ ‡ŽŽ‡˜ƒ ’ƒ–‹´–‡ǡ•—‰‰‡”‡”‡†ƒ– ‘‡œ›ǡ‡•–‡”•˜ƒ ‘‡œ›‡ȋȌ ‡‡„‡Žƒ‰”‹Œ‡”‘Ž •’‡Ž‡‹Š‡–ˆ— –‹‘‡”‡˜ƒ†‡˜‡–œ——”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‡™ƒ‡‡”ƒˆ™‡œ‹‰‘ˆ‹ƒ –‹‡ˆ‹•Ǥ‡ ‡•‡Ž‹Œ‡ ˜‡”•‹‡ ˜ƒ Š‡– ‘’—–‡”‘†‡Ž ȋ ‘‘ˆ†•–— ͷȌ ƒ ‡‡ „‡Žƒ‰”‹Œ Š—Ž’‹††‡Ž œ‹Œ ‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡–‡Ž‡ ‰‡‰‡˜‡• —‹– ‡•‡Ž‹Œ‡ ™‡‡ˆ•‡Ž• –‡ ‹–‡‰”‡”‡ ‡ ‘ ‡‡ „‡–‡” „‡‰”‹’ –‡ ”‹Œ‰‡ ˜ƒ ͵Ǥ ‡ „ƒ•‹• †‹‡ ‹ ‹ †‹– ’”‘‡ˆ• Š”‹ˆ– Š‡„ ‰‡Ž‡‰†ǡ „‹‡†– ‘‰‡Ž‹ŒŠ‡†‡ ˜‘‘” ˜‡”˜‘Ž‰•–—†‹‡• ‘ Š‡– Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‡ œ‹‡–‡„‡‡Ž† ˜ƒ  ˜‡”†‡” –‡ ‘–”ƒˆ‡Ž‡Ǥ

(59) Š‘‘’†ƒ–†‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡‹†‡–‘‡‘•–’‡”•‘‘Ž‹Œ‡”‡†‹ƒ‰‘•‡•ǡ’”‘‰‘•‡•‡ „‡Šƒ†‡Ž‹‰‡˜‘‘”Ǧ’ƒ–‹´–‡‘‰‡Ž‹Œœ—ŽŽ‡ƒ‡Ǥ   . ʹͷ͵.

(60)

(61) Acknowledgements  .

(62)

(63) Acknowledgements Š‡›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ›Š™‡”‡ƒ„‹‰ƒ†˜‡–—”‡ǡˆ—ŽŽŠƒ”†™‘”ǡ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰‡˜‡–•ǡˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ •— ‡••‡•ǡˆƒ‹Ž—”‡•ǡƒ†‡™†‹• ‘˜‡”‹‡•Ǥ—”‹‰›Šǡ

(64) ‹–‡”ƒ –‡†™‹–ŠƒŽ‘–‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ ™Š‘ ‘–”‹„—–‡† ‹ –Š‡‹” ‘™ ™ƒ› –‘ ›ŠǤ

(65)  –Š‹• •‡ –‹‘

(66)  ™‘—Ž† Ž‹‡ –‘ –ƒ‡ –Š‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘‡š’”‡••›‰”ƒ–‹–—†‡Ǥ  ƒ”„ƒ”ƒƒ†‹”Ǧ ƒǡƒ•ƒŠ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡™‹–Š›‘—ƒ•’”‘‘–‘”•ǡ

(67) Šƒ˜‡Ž‡ƒ”‡†ƒŽ‘–ǡ‘‹••—‡• ™‹–Š‹ ƒ† ‘—–•‹†‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤ Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ›‘—” ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡• ‘ Š‘™ –‘ Šƒ†Ž‡ ’”‘Œ‡ –•ǡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ†Š‹‰‡‡”ƒŽǤƒ”„ƒ”ƒǡ†—”‹‰›Š’‡”‹‘†‹›‘—”‰”‘—’›‘—‰ƒ˜‡‡–Š‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘‡š’Ž‘”‡•›•–‡•„‹‘Ž‘‰›ǡ•›•–‡•‡†‹ ‹‡ǡ„‹‘‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹ •ǡ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”„‹‘Ž‘‰› ƒ† •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘–Š‡” –‡ Š‹“—‡• –‘ „‡––‡” —†‡”•–ƒ† „‹‘ Š‡‹•–”›ǡ ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹• ƒ† ‹„‘” ‡””‘”•‘ˆ‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹•ȋ

(68) ȌǤ

(69) ™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ƒ„Ž‡–‘™‘”™‹–Š Ž‹‹ ‹ƒ•–‘„‡‡ˆ‹–’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Šƒ

(70) ǤŠƒ›‘—ǤŠƒ›‘—ˆ‘”‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‹‰‡–‘‰‘‘‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ƒ†‹•’‹”‹‰ ‘‰”‡••‡•Ǥ Š‡

(71) ʹͲͳͶ‹‡Ž„‘—”‡ǡ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒǡƒˆ–‡””‡ ‡‹˜‹‰ƒ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘’”‹ ‡ƒ†ƒŽ•‘ƒ–”ƒ˜‡Ž ‰”ƒ–ǡ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡”‡™‡”‡ƒ„— Š‘ˆ‰”‡ƒ–‡˜‡–•ƒˆ–‡”™ƒ”†•ǡ™ƒ•’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›•’‡ ‹ƒŽǤ ‘—ƒŽ•‘†‹†›‘—”„‡•––‘ƒ ‘‘†ƒ–‡ƒŽŽ›‘—”†‹˜‡”•‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‰”‘—’‡„‡”•ƒ†

(72)  ‘—Ž† ˜‘‹ ‡ › •— ‡••‡• ƒ†ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘• –‘ ›‘—Ǥ Š”‘—‰Š ”‡‰—Žƒ” †‹• —••‹‘• ™‡ ƒ†‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ †‹• ‘˜‡”‹‡•ƒ†ƒ”‡‘‘—”™ƒ›–‘’—„Ž‹•Šƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”„”‹‰‹‰•‘‡ ‰”‡ƒ– ƒ† Ž‘˜‡Ž› ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”• ‹–‘ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’Ǥ ‹”Ǧ ƒǡ ›‘—” ‡–Š—•‹ƒ• ƒ† ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ‹ „‹‘ Š‡‹•–”›ǡ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ Š‡‹•–”›ƒ†‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹ †‹•‡ƒ•‡‹•˜‡”›ƒ†‹”ƒ„Ž‡ǤŠƒ–ˆ‹–•˜‡”›™‡ŽŽ ™‹–Š›‘™‡–Š—•‹ƒ•ƒ†‹–‡”‡•–•‹–Š‡•‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•Ǥ‡Šƒ†˜‡”›‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ǡ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‹‰ǡ ‹˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡†‹• —••‹‘•ƒ„‘—–‘–‘Ž›–Š‡•‡–‘’‹ •ǡ›’”‘Œ‡ –•‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘ƒ„‘—– ›’‘–‡–‹ƒŽˆ—–—”‡Š‡”‡‹ǤŽ•‘–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”Ž‡––‹‰‡’‘—”›Š‡ƒ”–‘—––‘›‘—‹ƒ› ‘ ƒ•‹‘•ǤŠƒ›‘—Ǥ 

(73) ™‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘Ž‹‡–‘–Šƒ›ƒ••‡••‡– ‘‹––‡‡ǡ’”‘ˆǤ ”ƒ”—‰‰‡ƒǡ’”‘ˆǤ‡”– ”‘‡ ƒ†’”‘ˆǤ ”ƒ Œƒ˜ƒ’”‘•‡ǡˆ‘”–ƒ‹‰–Š‡–‹‡–‘”‡ƒ†ƒ†ƒ’’”‘˜‡›–Š‡•‹•Ǥ ”ƒǡ

(74)  ƒ†‹”‡ ›‘—” ’ƒ••‹‘ ƒ† ‡š–‡•‹˜‡ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ‹ •›•–‡• „‹‘Ž‘‰›ǡ ‡œ›‡ ‹‡–‹ • ƒ† –Š‡”‘†›ƒ‹ •Ǥ‡”–ǡ›‘—”„”‘ƒ†‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ›‘—”œ‡•–ˆ‘”Ž‹ˆ‡ƒ†ˆ”‹‡†Ž‹‡••Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ™ƒ›• ‹’”‡••‡†‡Ǥ ”ƒ Œƒǡ

(75) ƒ†‹”‡›‘—”‹–‡”‡•–ƒ•ƒ Ž‹‹ ‹ƒ‹•›•–‡•„‹‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ

(76) –‰‹˜‡•‡ ‰”‡ƒ–Œ‘›–‘•‡‡ Ž‹‹ ‹ƒ•‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡•‡–›’‡•‘ˆƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•–‘—†‡”•–ƒ† ƒ†„‡‡ˆ‹––Š‡Š‡ƒŽ–Š‘ˆ’ƒ–‹‡–•ǤŠƒ›‘—ƒŽŽǤ 

(77) ™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡–‘–ŠƒƒŽŽ–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ†ˆ‘”‡”‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”„ƒ”ƒǯ•‰”‘—’ǤŽ„‡”–ǡ›‘— Šƒ˜‡ˆ”‘–Š‡•–ƒ”–„‡‡ƒ‰”‡ƒ–Š‡Ž’ƒ†• ‹‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ†‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ•—’’‘”–ˆ‘”‡–Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‡›‡ƒ”•Ǥ

(78) Šƒ˜‡‰”‡ƒ–‰”ƒ–‹–—†‡ˆ‘”™Šƒ–›‘—†‘ƒ†Š‘™›‘—Šƒ†Ž‡ƒŽŽ‘ˆ—•Ǥ

(79) ˆ‡‡ŽŽ‹‡›‘— ƒ”‡–Š‡‰Ž—‡–Šƒ–‡‡’•—•ƒŽŽ–‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ†‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†–‘‰‘‘‹–Š‡Šƒ”†ŠŽ‹ˆ‡Ǥˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ ‹–ǯ•–‘‘— Š–‘‡–‹‘™Šƒ–›‘—†‹†ˆ‘”ƒ†™‹–Š‡Ǥ ”‘•ƒ’Ž‡’”‡’ǡ•ƒ’Ž‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ ʹ ‘•—’–‹‘•ǡ ‘—•‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–•ǡ ƒ –‹˜‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‡‡–‹‰• ƒ† ƒ†˜‹ ‡ ƒ„‘—– ‡š’‡”‹‡–•ƒ††ƒ–ƒ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡Žƒ„ƒ‰”‡ƒ–ƒ†‡’ƒ–Š‹ ’‡”•‘–‘–ƒŽ –‘ƒ†ƒ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡– ‘‘ǨŠƒ›‘—˜‡”›— ŠǨ ‹Œ•ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”ƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‹‰™‹ŽŽ‹‰–‘ Š‡Ž’–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–›Šǡ‡˜‡™ƒ›ƒˆ–‡”›‘—Ž‡ˆ–‘—”‰”‘—’ǡ›‘—ƒ”‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•“—‹ –‘ƒ•™‡” ƒ›“—‡•–‹‘•

(80) Šƒ˜‡Ǥƒ”‡ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”†‘‹‰–Š‡‰”‘—†™‘”ˆ‘”–Š‡‘†‡Ž‹‰–Šƒ–

(81) †‹† ‹›ŠǤ‘—”‹’—–™ƒ•‹’‘”–ƒ–‹›•–ƒ”–‹‰—’‹‘†‡Ž‹‰ƒ†‹–Š‡Žƒ„ǤŽ•‘–Šƒ ›‘—ˆ‘””‡˜‹‡™‹‰›™‘”‹–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰ƒ†ˆ‘” Š‡ ‹‰›”ƒ–‘†‡ŽƒƒŽ›•‹•”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ —”‰‡ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”–ƒ‹‰ƒ‹–‡”‡•–‹›™‘”ƒ†Šƒ˜‹‰‰”‡ƒ–“—‡•–‹‘•Ȁ ‘‡–• ʹͷ͹.

(82) Appendices †—”‹‰‘—”‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ ‘Ž‹–ƒǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”–‡ƒ Š‹‰‡Š‘™–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ˆ‘”ƒ†ƒƒŽ›œ‡†ƒ–ƒ ˆ”‘”‘„‘”‘•ǡ’”‘–‡‘‹ •ƒ†‘—•‡‡š’‡”‹‡–•Ǥ ‹‘ƒǡ ‡”–Œƒȋƒ† ‘Ž‹–ƒȌǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘” ‰‹˜‹‰‡–Š‡‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘Ž‡ƒ”ƒ†’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ––Š‡‡”‹‡ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–›ǤŠ‘†Šƒ ƒ‘ǡ

(83) Šƒ†ƒ‰‘‘† ‘‡ –‹‘™‹–Š›‘—ˆ”‘–Š‡•–ƒ”–Ǥ‡Šƒ†•— Šƒ‰”‡ƒ––‹‡ƒ––Š‡

(84)  ʹͲͳ͵Ǥš’Ž‘”‹‰–Š‡ ‹–›ǡ Ž‹„‹‰–Š‡–‘™‡”ƒ†Œ—•–„‡‹‰–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”‹–Š‡‰”‘—’ ƒ†„‡‹‰ƒ•Š‘—Ž†‡”–‘ ”›‘ǤŠƒ›‘—ˆ‘”•Šƒ”‹‰›‘—”ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ••‹ŽŽ•ƒ†™‹•‡ƒ† Š‘‡•–™‘”†•™‹–Š‡ǡˆ‘”ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰‡‹–‘›‘—”Š‘‡ǡ’Žƒ›‹‰’‹‰’‘‰ƒ†„‡‹‰ƒ‰‘‘† ˆ”‹‡†Ǥƒ›—ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”Š‡Ž’‹–”›‹‰–‘ˆ‹‰—”‡‘—––Š‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ– ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ  ‘†‡ŽǤŠ”‹•ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”‘—”‰‡œ‡ŽŽ‹‰‡–ƒŽ•‹–Š‡Žƒ„ǡƒ†›‘—”’ƒ–‹‡ ‡™Š‡

(85) ™ƒ• –ƒ‹‰˜‡”›Ž‘‰‹–Š‡Š‘‘†Ǥ‡Žƒ›ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—”Š‡Ž’‘–Š‡ ‡’ ʹ’”‘Œ‡ –ƒ†ˆ‘” ƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‹‰•‘‹ ‡ƒ†ˆ—›Ǩ‡”ƒ”†ǡ

(86) –Š‹›‘—ǯ”‡ƒ‰”‡ƒ–‰—›™‡Šƒ˜‡†‘‡“—‹–‡•‘‡ •Šƒ”‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡›‡ƒ”•ƒ†

(87) ƒŽ™ƒ›•ˆ‹†‹–ƒ„”‡‡œ‡ƒ†–Š‡”ƒ’‡—–‹ ™Š‡

(88) –ƒŽ–‘›‘—Ǥ ‘— ƒ ƒŽ™ƒ›• ‘‡ –‘ ‡ ™‹–Š “—‡•–‹‘•‘” Œ—•– –‘ •Šƒ”‡ Š‘™–Š‹‰•ƒ”‡ ‰‘‹‰Ǥ ‡–ƒ™ǡ –Šƒ›‘—„‡‹‰ƒƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽƒ••‡–‹‘†‡Ž‹‰‹‘—”‰”‘—’Ǥ

(89) –Š‹›‘—ƒ”‡†‘‹‰‹’‘”–ƒ– ™‘”–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†™Šƒ–™‡ƒ”‡‘†‡Ž‹‰‹–Š‡‰”‘—’Ǥ‘–•‘ˆ–Š‘•‡–Š‹‰•

(90) ™‘—Ž†ǯ–Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘†‘–Š‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•›‘—ǨŠ”‹•–‘ˆˆ†‡†ƒƒŽǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”„‡‹‰‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹ ‘–‹—‹‰ ›™‘” ƒ†ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‡–‹ —Ž‘—•Ž› ”‡˜‹‡™‹‰ › Žƒ–‡•– ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘†‡ŽǤ

(91)  –Š‹›‘—™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ‹‰•‘‡‹–‡”‡•–‹‰†‹• ‘˜‡”‹‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›ǤƒŽ‹‡ǡ –Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”„‡‹‰›•‡ ‘†‹–‡”Ǥ

(92) Ž‡ƒ”‡†ƒŽ‘–ƒ•›‘—”•—’‡”˜‹•‘”ƒ†Š‘’‡–‘ƒŽ•‘Šƒ˜‡ ’ƒ••‡† ‘ •‘‡ ‘ˆ › ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ –‘ ›‘—Ǥ Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ‘–‹—‹‰ –‘ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š  †‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›‹‘—”‰”‘—’Ǥƒ”ƒŠƒ†‰‹‡•œƒǡ›ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™–™‹•ǡ–Š‘—‰Š™‡†‹††‹ˆˆ‡”‡–™‘” –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– ‘—” Šǡ ™‡ ™‡”‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ƒ Ž‘– –‘‰‡–Š‡” ƒ† •—’’‘”– ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” ‹ ƒ›™ƒ›•Ǥ

(93) ƒ‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Ž–‘Šƒ˜‡‡–ƒ††‹†›Š™‹–Š„‘–Š‘ˆ›‘—ǤŠƒ›‘—ˆ‘”‘—” †‹• —••‹‘•ƒ„‘—–™‘”ƒ†•—’’‘”–‹‰‡–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–ƒŽŽ–Š‡—’•ƒ††‘™•Ǥ–—†›‹‰‹–Š‡ ‡–Š‡”Žƒ†•Ȁ—”‘’‡ǡ ‹• „› ˆƒ” ‘– –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ƒ• ‰”‘™‹‰ —’ Š‡”‡Ǥ Šƒ• ˆ‘” ‘’‡‹‰ ›‘—” ‹†• ƒ† Š‡ƒ”–• •Šƒ”‹‰ ›‘—” —”‘’‡ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ† ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ™‹–Š ‡Ǥ ‰‹‡•œƒǡ –Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—”Š‡Ž’‹•‹†‡ƒ†‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡Žƒ„ǡ–Š”‘—‰Š›‘—”‡š ‡ŽŽ‡–™‡–ƒ††”›Žƒ„ •‹ŽŽ•ǡ –Šƒ•ˆ‘” ›‘—” ’Žƒ›ˆ—Ž‡••ǡ ›‘—” ‰ƒ‡ ‹‰Š–•ǡ ›‘—” ˆ—› ‡”†› Œ‘‡•ǡ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‡ ƒ„‘—–—”‘’‡ƒŠ‹•–‘”›ƒ†‘Ž‹•Š —Ž–—”‡ǡ‹–”‘†— ‹‰‡–‘–Š‡Š†ƒ› ‘‹––‡‡ƒ†–‘ ‹’”‘˜ǡ ‰—ƒ”†‹‰ ‡ ‘ –Š‡ ‹††› •Ž‘’‡ †—”‹‰ › ˆ‹”•– •‹‹‰ –”‹’ ȋǣǦȌ ƒ† ‘—” ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Š”‘—‰Š ›‘—” Šƒ”† ƒ† ‹’”‡••‹˜‡ ™‘” ‹ ƒ† ‘—–•‹†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ‡˜‹†‡––Šƒ–›‘—ƒ”‡ƒ’‡”•‘–‘„‡ƒ†‹”‡†Ǥƒ”ƒŠǡ•‹‹Žƒ”Ž›™‡•Šƒ”‡†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡• ‹•‹†‡ƒ†‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡Ǥ†‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡˆ‘”ƒŽŽ›‘—”Š‡Ž’™‹–Š‡“†ƒ–ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•‹ ƒ†‘–Š‡”—•‡ˆ—Ž–‘‘Ž•Ǥ

(94) ™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ƒ„Ž‡–‘Šƒ˜‡‰”‡ƒ– ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š›‘—ǡ‡˜‡–ƒŽ•ƒ„‘—– Ž‘˜‡ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ™Š‹ Š

(95) ”‡ƒŽŽ›Ž‹‡Ǥ

(96) ™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡–‘–Šƒ„‘–Š›‘—ƒ†‰‹‡•œƒˆ‘” ‘—”˜‡”›‹ ‡†‹‡”•ƒ†‘˜‹‡‹‰Š–•–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Šƒƒ”–‡ǡ‹‘ǡƒ‹‡Žƒƒ†‘–Š‡”•ǡ‘—” Šƒ‹”‹‰Š–ƒ†ˆ—ƒ– ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡•‡– Ǥ‘™

(97)  ƒƒŽ•‘ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›–ƒ‡ƒ‰‘‘†Ž‹•–‡–‘DzŠ‡”–‘ˆ ‘˜‹‰dzƒ—†‹‘„‘‘›‘—”‡ ‘‡†‡†‡-Ǥƒ” ‡Žǡ›‘— ƒ‡‹–‘›Ž‹ˆ‡‹–Š‡‡†‘ˆʹͲͳͷ ƒ†›Ž‹ˆ‡ Šƒ•‡˜‡” „‡‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ǣǦǤ ‡ Ž‹ ‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‰‡–Ǧ‰‘ ƒ†›‘— †‹†‘– ‘Ž› „‡ ‘‡ƒ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡–‹–‡”ǤŠ”‘—‰ŠŠƒ”†™‘”™‡ƒ†‡ƒǦ ‡ŽŽŽ‹‡ǡ‡š’ƒ†‡†ƒ ‘†‡Žǡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡†‡š’‡”‹‡–•–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ•Šƒ”‡†•‘‡Š‹Žƒ”‹‘—•Œ‘‡•ǡ™‡–‘ƒ™‘”•Š‘’ –‘‰‡–Š‡”‹ƒ”•‡‹ŽŽ‡ǡ•Šƒ”‡†„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž• ‡‡”‹‡•‹ƒ” ‡Ž‘ƒƒ†ƒ”•‡‹ŽŽ‡ȋ‘–—‰‡–ǨȌǡ ™‡––‘‡‘”ƒ„Ž‡‡˜‡–•‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡Žƒ„ǡ‹–”‘†— ‡†‡–‘•‘‡ˆƒ–ƒ•–‹ ’‡‘’Ž‡ȋŽ‹‡‡†”‘ ƒ†ƒ’Šƒ‡ŽȌƒ†™‡•—’’‘”–‡†‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”–Š”‘—‰ŠŽƒ„ƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽ—’•ƒ††‘™•Ǥ‘—” ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’‡ƒ•ƒŽ‘––‘‡ǡƒ†

(98) ™‹•Š›‘—ƒ‰”‡ƒ–ƒ‘—–‘ˆŽ‘˜‡ƒ†•— ‡••‹›‘—”Ž‹ˆ‡Ǩ ʹͷͺ.

(99) Acknowledgements  ‘ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ƒ—–Š‘”•ǡ ‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”•ǡƒ†‹’‘”–ƒ– ‘–”‹„—–‘”•

(100) Šƒ˜‡‘–‡–‹‘‡†›‡–ǡ –Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡•›‘—’Žƒ›‡†‹›’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ‡””›ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”„‡‹‰ƒ‹† ’‡†‹ƒ–”‹ ‹ƒǡ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘ˆ › ’”‘Œ‡ –• –‘ ƒ• Ž‹‹ ƒŽŽ›Ǧ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– “—‡•–‹‘•ǡ ‰‹˜‡ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ‹•‹‰Š–ǡƒ† ‘•–ƒ–Ž›™‘”‹‰‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰ƒ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ Ž‹• „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ Ž‹‹  ƒ† „ƒ•‹  ”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤ ‘„ ‡‹‰ǡ

(101)  ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡† ›‘— ƒ• •— Š ƒ ’Ž‡ƒ•ƒ–ǡ‘’‡ƒ†‹•’‹”‹‰’”‘ˆ‡••‘”Ǥ‘ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ

(102) Šƒ˜‡•‡‡›‘—”–ƒŽƒ†™ƒ•–Š‡”‡ ƒ–›‘—”Ž‡ –—”‡†—”‹‰–Š‡Š†ƒ›‘ˆʹͲͳͷǤ

(103) ™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡–‘•‘‘ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ—’‘—” ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ ‘ –Š‡ ‘Ž†Ǧ‡š’‘•—”‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡– ”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ ƒƒ‹‡ Ǥǡ

(104)  ™ƒ• Šƒ’’› –‘ ™‘” ™‹–Š ›‘— ƒ•

(105)  ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†›‘—ƒ••— Šƒƒ‹ ƒ„Ž‡ǡ„—„„Ž›ǡ‡–Š—•‹ƒ•–‹ ’‡”•‘Ǥ

(106) –™ƒ•‰”‡ƒ––‘™‘”™‹–Š ›‘—‘› ‘Ž†Ǧ‡š’‘•—”‡‡š’‡”‹‡–•ƒ†™‡Šƒ†•‘‡ ƒ†‹†ǡ‹•’‹”‹‰–ƒŽ•‹–Š‡Ǥ Šƒ ›‘—Ǩ ‡š—ƒǡ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ™‘”‹‰ ™‹–Š ‡ ‘ –Š‡ ‘Ž†Ǧ‡š’‘•—”‡ ’”‘Œ‡ – ƒ† ™‘”‹‰ Ž‘•‡ ™‹–Š ƒŽ‹‡ ƒ†

(107)  ‘ –Š‡  ˆ‹„”‘„Žƒ•– ’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ

(108)  ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ›‘— ƒ• ƒ ’‡”•‘–Šƒ–‹•˜‡”›‘’‡ǡƒ‰”‡ƒ–‡š’‡”–‹Ž‹’‹†‘‹ •ǡƒ†‹ ‡–‘™‘”™‹–ŠǤ‡™‹ŽŽ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ —†‘—„–‡†Ž›’—„Ž‹•Š‰”‡ƒ–’ƒ’‡”•–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǤŠƒ›‘—ǤŽƒ‹ƒ†ƒ—”ƒǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—” ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•–‘›’ƒ’‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š›‘—”Š‹•–‘Ž‘‰›™‘”Ǥ ‹Ž†‡ Ǥǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—” ‹ ”‘ƒ””ƒ›†ƒ–ƒƒ†›‘—”Š‡Ž’‹›“—‡•––‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡Ǧ‘—•‡Ǥƒ‹‡”ǡ–Šƒ ›‘—ˆ‘””‡˜‹‡™‹‰› ‘Ž†Ǧ‡š’‘•—”‡ƒ—• ”‹’– ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ›ƒ† ‘–”‹„—–‹‰–‘‘‹ •‡–Š‘†• ‹‰‡‡”ƒŽǤŽƒƒ•”ƒ„ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”•Šƒ”‹‰›‘—”‹•‹‰Š–‹–‘Š‘™–‘ƒƒŽ›œ‡–Š‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‘ˆ –Š‡”ƒ– ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘†‡ŽǤ

(109) ƒ†‡‰‘‘†—•‡‘ˆ›‘—” ƒ—••Ǧ ‘”†ƒŽ‹‹ƒ–‹‘š ‡Žˆ‹Ž‡›‘— ’”‘˜‹†‡†Ǥ ƒ•‡•–‡”Š‘ˆˆǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—”‹–‡”‡•–‹›‘†‡Ž‹‰™‘”ƒ†ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‰”‘—†™‘” ›‘— Žƒ‹† ‘—– ˆ‘” › Š ™‹–Š ›‘—” ‹’‘”–ƒ– ƒ† ‹’ƒ –‹‰ ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‘ ‹‡–‹ •ǡ ‘–”‘Ž ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒ†•›•–‡• „‹‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ ‘— ƒ”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‹•’‹”‹‰ „ƒ•‡†‘ ›‘—” „ƒ•‹ Ǧ ”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǦ–”ƒ• ‡†‹‰ ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ƒ† ’ƒ••‹‘ ‹ ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ •›•–‡• „‹‘Ž‘‰› ƒ† •›•–‡• ‡†‹ ‹‡‹Š‡ƒŽ–Š ƒ”‡ǡƒŽ•‘ƒ‡‡‹–‡”‡•–‘ˆ‹‡Ǥ‰‡Ž‹ƒǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”Š‡Ž’‹‰‡™‹–Š ‘—•‡ –‡”‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ Š‹•–‘Ž‘‰› ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ‹ ”‘• ‘’› –‡ Š‹“—‡•Ǥ ‹”Œƒ Ǥǡ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ›‘—”‹–‡”‡•–‹›Š’”‘‰”‡••ǡƒ†‘ˆ ‘—”•‡–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ–Š‡Š‹•–‘Ž‘‰›™‘”›‘—†‹† ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ

(110)  ™‘—Ž† Ž‹‡ –‘ –Šƒ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹ • †‡’ƒ”–‡– ˆ‘” –Š‡‹”  ‡“—‡ ‹‰ ƒ† „‹‘‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹ •™‘”‘›ˆƒ•–‹‰’”‘Œ‡ –ȋ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ–Šƒ•–‘‹‡–‡”Ǥƒ† ‡”„‡Ȍƒ†‘ ‹†Ž›’”‘˜‹†‹‰ƒ† ‘–”‘Žˆ‹„”‘„Žƒ•–•Ǥƒ”‹‡‡ǡ‹–™ƒ•˜‡”›‹ ‡™‘”‹‰™‹–Š›‘— ‘–Š‡ ‘Ž†Ǧ‡š’‘•—”‡‡š’‡”‹‡–•™Š‡Ž„‡”–™ƒ•‘––Š‡”‡Ǥ‘—‡˜‡‰ƒ˜‡‡•‘‡˜‡”› —•‡ˆ—Ž –‹’•Ǥ Šƒ ›‘—Ǥ ‹ ‘Ž‡––‡ǡ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” „‡‹‰ Š‡Ž’ˆ—Ž ‹ ƒ› ™ƒ›• ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ„Ǥ

(111)  ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡† ›‘—” Š‘‡•–› ƒ† ›‘—” ‰‡—‹‡ ‹–‡”‡•– ‹ –Š‡ Š—ƒ ƒ•’‡ – ‘ˆ Š Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ † –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ›‘—” ƒ –‹˜‡ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡–ǡ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” –‡ Š‹ ‹ƒ•ǡ ‹ ƒ‹‰ ‡˜‡”›‘‡ˆ‡‡Žƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡†™Š‡–Š‡›ƒ””‹˜‡ƒ†™Š‡–Š‡›Ž‡ƒ˜‡–Š‡Žƒ„Ǥ†‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡƒ› –Šƒ• ˆ‘” ›‘—” Š‡Ž’ ƒ† ’ƒ–‹‡ ‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ǧ ‡’ ʹ ‡ŽŽ•ǡ ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ–‹Ž‡•–‘‡‹‘—”‡ˆˆ‘”–•–‘—†‡”•–ƒ††‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›ǤƒŽ‹ƒƒ†‹”‰‹–ǡ–Šƒ• ˆ‘” ‹†Ž› ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ›‘—” š‹‰‡ ‡ ‡“—‹’‡– ƒ† Š‡Ž’‹‰ ™‹–Š › ‡ŽŽ ‰”‘™–Š ‡š’‡”‹‡–•Ǥ†›‹„‘ƒ†ƒ”‹ƒ‡˜ƒ†‡”™ƒƒ‰ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—” ‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘‘‘—” ’—”•—‹––‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‘‡œ›‡‹†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›Ǥ 

(112) ™‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘Ž‹‡–‘–Šƒ–Š‡‡†‹ƒ–”‹ ••–ƒˆˆǤƒƒ‹‡Ǥǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—” ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•ƒ– ‡‡–‹‰•ǡ›‘—”‰‡‡”ƒŽƒ†• ‹‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ†˜‹ ‡–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–›Šǡƒ„‘—–™Šƒ––‘†‘™‹–Š› Ǧ ‹ ‡ ƒ† Š‘™ ›‘— Š‡Ž’‡† ‡ •–ƒ”– —’ › ‘Ž†Ǧ‡š’‘•—”‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–•Ǥ ‡„‡ ƒǡ –Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”‘—”–ƒŽ•ƒ„‘—– Ž‹‹ ƒŽ Š‡‹•–”›ƒ†‘—”‡‡–‹‰•–‘•–—†›†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›ǡ ʹͷͻ.

(113) Appendices Žƒ”›ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”‘—” ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”’”‘˜‹†‹‰—•‡ˆ—Ž‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”› ’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥƒ”‹ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ›‘—”’”‘–‡‘‹ •™‘”‹›’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥƒ”–ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘” ’”‘˜‹†‹‰—•™‹–Š›‘—”‡š’‡”–‹•‡†—”‹‰‘—”‡†‡ƒ˜‘”•–‘ƒ‡–Š‡Ǧ ‡’ ʹ ‡ŽŽŽ‹‡ǡ ƒ†ˆ‘”„‡‹‰ƒ‹ ‡’‡”•‘–‘–ƒŽ–‘Ǥ ‡Œƒǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—”ˆƒ• ‹ƒ–‹‰Ž›‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ “—‡•–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡› ”‡ƒŽŽ› ƒ‡ ‡ –Š‹Ǥ

(114)  ƒŽ•‘ ˆ‘—† ›‘—” –‡ƒ Š‹‰ •‡‹ƒ” ‘ Š‘™ –‘ ”‡ƒ† ’ƒ’‡”•˜‡”›‹•‹‰Š–ˆ—ŽǤ‡„„›ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—”–ƒŽ•ƒ„‘—–ŠŽ‹ˆ‡ƒ†Š•—’‡”˜‹•‹‘ ƒ†Š‘™›‘— ƒƒƒ‰‡Ž‹ˆ‡ƒ•ƒ• ‹‡–‹•–‹‰‡‡”ƒŽǤ ‘Ž‡”–ǡ

(115) ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†›‘—ƒ•ƒ˜‡”›‹† ƒ†ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ„Ž‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”ǡ™‹–Š‡‡‹–‡”‡•–‹–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š–‘’‹ •‘ˆ–Š‡Š•–—†‡–•ǤŠƒ ›‘—ˆ‘”–Šƒ–ǤŽ•‘ǡ–‘ƒŽŽ‘–Š‡”•–ƒˆˆ‡„‡”•ǡƒ”–‡ȋ‹‡‘”‹ƒȌǡƒ–Š”‹ǡƒ”‹–ǡ ‹‰›—ƒǡ ƒ• Ǥǡ ƒ‹‡ǡ—‹ˆǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—”‹•‹‰Š–ˆ—Ž ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•ƒ––Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ  ‘Žˆǡƒ”‹Œ‡ǡ ‹Ž†‡ǡƒ—Žƒǡ˜‡Ž‹‡ǡ–Šƒ›‘—˜‡”›— Šˆ‘”ƒŽŽ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–Š‹‰•›‘— ƒ””ƒ‰‡ˆ‘”—•Š ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•„‡Š‹†–Š‡• ‡‡•ǤŠƒ›‘—ˆ‘”ƒŽ•‘„‡‹‰•‘ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ„Ž‡ ƒ†Šƒ’’›–‘Ž‹•–‡–‘—•Ǥ‡„‡ ƒǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”„‡‹‰‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹Ǧ†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡† ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ† „‡‹‰ ‹–‡”‡•–‡† ‹ •‡––‹‰ —’ ”‡Žƒ–‡† ’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ

(116)  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ‘—” ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘• ƒ„‘—– Ž‹‹ ƒŽ Š‡‹•–”›Ǥ ‹‡‡ǡ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ›‘—” ‹–”‘†— –‹‘ –‘  †‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ › ƒ† ›‘—” ‹’‘”–ƒ– ™‘” ‹ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ƒ† Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹œ‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ’—”‡Ǧ „ƒ ‰”‘—†Ǧ‘—•‡‘†‡ŽǤ 

(117) Šƒ˜‡‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†‘—”ȋŽƒ„Ȍ–‡ Š‹ ‹ƒ•ƒ•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–„ƒ „‘‡‹–Š‡™‘”™‡†‘‹‘—” ŠǤƒ›–Šƒ•–‘ƒŽŽ–Š‡–‡ Š‹ ‹ƒ•™Š‘Šƒ˜‡‹†Ž›Š‡Ž’‡†™‹–Šƒ›“—‡•–‹‘•ƒ†Žƒ„ ‹••—‡•

(118) Šƒ†ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒŽ•‘ƒ –‹˜‡Ž›’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ƒŽ‘–‘ˆ•ƒ’Ž‡’”‡’ƒ†‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•ˆ‘”› ’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ‹ ‡–ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—”‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡–‹”‡˜‹‡™‹‰›ƒ—• ”‹’–•ǡ•‡†‹‰‡ ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‰‹˜‹‰•–ƒ–‹•–‹ •ƒ†˜‹ ‡ƒ†„‡‹‰ƒŽ™ƒ›•‘’‡–‘Š‡Ž’Ǥ‹ ǡ–Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ›‘—” ‹†‡•• ƒ† ›‘—” Š‡Ž’ ƒ– –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ž†Ǧ‡š’‘•—”‡ ’”‘Œ‡ – ƒ† ’”‘„ƒ„Ž› ƒ› ‘”‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ƒ† ’”‘Œ‡ –Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡† –Š‹‰•ǡ ƒ† ‘– –‘ ˆ‘”‰‡– –Š‡ „‹Ž‡ ƒ—Žƒ–‹‘•™‡†‹†ˆ‘”ƒ”‡†Ǩ

(119) ˆ‡Ž–Ž‹‡ƒ–”—‡‹ ”‘•—”‰‡‘-Ǥ‡ƒŽ•‘Šƒ†•‘‡‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‰ ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘•ƒ„‘—–›ŠǤŠƒ›‘—˜‡”›— ŠǤƒ‘ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”‹–”‘†— ‹‰‡–‘ –Š‡ š‹‰‡ ‡ ‡–Š‘† ƒ†ˆ‘” ƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‹‰ ™‹ŽŽ‹‰ –‘ Š‡Ž’Ǥ ‹”‹ƒ ǤǦǤǡ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” Š‡Ž’‹‰–‘ƒ‡ͶŽƒ„”—Ž‹‡ƒ•‘‘–Šƒ Š‹‡ƒ†ˆ‘”„‡‹‰˜‡”›ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ„Ž‡Ǥ‹‡Ž•ǡ –Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—”‡–Š—•‹ƒ•ƒ–™‘”Ǩ

(120) –™ƒ•ƒŽ™ƒ›• ‘–ƒ‰‹‘—•–‘Š‡ƒ”›‘—Žƒ—‰Šˆ”‘–Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‡‡”‘‘ƒŽŽ–Š‡™ƒ›–‘›†‡•‹–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡Ǥ†–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”ƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‹‰ƒ„Ž‡–‘Š‡Ž’ ‡™‹–Š›“—‡•–‹‘•ƒ„‘—–Žƒ„–‡ Š‹“—‡•‘”ƒ›‘–Š‡”‹••—‡•‹–Š‡Žƒ„Ǥ

(121) ƒŽ•‘–Š‘—‰Š–‹–™ƒ• ”‡ƒŽŽ› ‘‘Ž™Š‡

(122)  ‘—Ž†Š‡Ž’›‘—™‹–Š›‘—”Š‹‰ŠǦ•’‡‡†ǡŠ‹‰ŠǦ–Š”‘—‰Š’—–‘—•‡‹•‡‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ †‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡƒŽ•‘–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”Š‡Ž’‹‰‡™‹–Š›‹••—‡•™‹–Š›Ž‘‰‰‡”Ǧ‹’Žƒ–‡†‹ ‡ ™Š‡ƒƒ‹‡ Ǥ™ƒ•‘––Š‡”‡Ǥ› Šƒǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”„‡‹‰Š‡Ž’ˆ—Ž™‹–Šƒ›“—‡•–‹‘•

(123) Šƒ†Ǥ Šƒ•–‘ƒŽŽ‘–Š‡”–‡ Š‹ ‹ƒ•‹‘—”†‡’ƒ”–‡–™Š‘Šƒ˜‡Š‡Ž’‡†‡‹‘‡™ƒ›‘”ƒ‘–Š‡”ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ǡŽ‹‡ǡ ‡ǡƒ” ‡ŽǤǡƒ”–‹Œǡ‹‡Ž•Ǥǡ‡œ‡ǡŠ‡‘˜ƒ‹ŒǡŒƒ••‘ǡƒ††™‹‡Ǥ 

(124) ƒŽ•‘™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡–‘–Šƒ–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡‹ƒ‹‰›‘—•‡‡š’‡”‹‡–•–Š‡”‡’‘••‹„Ž‡Ǥ

(125)  ƒŽ•‘‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡–‘–Šƒ”ƒ†ƒ–ƒ• Šƒˆ‘”–ƒ‹‰•— Š‰‘‘† ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹ ‡ƒ† ƒŽ™ƒ›• „‡‹‰ •‘ ‹ ‡ –‘ –ƒŽ –‘ ƒ„‘—– ƒ›–Š‹‰Ǥ ‹ Š‡Ž ‡‹Œǡ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ‘—” ’Ž‡ƒ•ƒ– ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘• ƒ† ›‘—” Š‡Ž’ ™‹–Š –Š‡

(126) ˜ ’”‘–‘ ‘Ž•Ǥ ‘— ƒŽ•‘ ‰ƒ˜‡ ‡†‡”‹ ‘ ƒ†

(127)  –Š‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ ‘—” Š‡ƒ”–’— –—”‡ –‡ Š‹“—‡•ǡ –Šƒ ˜‡”› — Š ˆ‘” –Šƒ–Ǥ ——Ž ƒ†. ʹ͸Ͳ.

(128) Acknowledgements ‹”‹ƒ˜Ǥ†ǤǦ Ǥǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”›‘—”Š‡Ž’‹–Š‡’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡‡š’‡”‹‡–•Ǥ †ƒŽ•‘ǡ –Šƒ•‹ ‡Ǩ  Šƒ›‘—–‘‡˜‡”›‘‡‹ƒ–Š”‹ǯ•‰”‘—’ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰Ž‡šǡƒ–”‹ ‹ƒǡƒ”–‹ǡ

(129) ‡‡ƒ†Ž”‹‡ǡˆ‘” ›‘—”Š‡Ž’™‹–Š™‡•–‡”„Ž‘––‹‰ǡ‹ ”‘• ‘’›ƒ†ƒ›–Š‹‰‡Ž•‡

(130) ‡‡†‡†‘” ‘—Ž†ǯ–ˆ‹†Ǥ‘— ‰—›• ƒ”‡ •— Š ƒ†‹”ƒ„Ž‡ Šƒ”† ™‘”‡”• ƒ† ’—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ Šƒ ›‘— –‘ ‡˜‡”›‘‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ‡‡–‹ • ‰”‘—’ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –‘‹‡ǡ ‹Ž‹‡ǡ ‘—ǡ ‹„‹ǡ ”‡†ƒǡ ‡Ž‡ǡ ƒ”‡‡„ƒǡ ƒ” ‘ǡ‡Ž‹†‡ǡƒ–ƒŽ‹ƒǡƒ†‡‡–‹ƒǤŠƒ›‘—ˆ‘”‘—” ƒ†‹†ǡ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‰–ƒŽ•ƒ†ƒŽŽ›‘—” Š‡Ž’‹ƒ†‘—–•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ„Ǥƒ”‡†ǡ‹–™ƒ•ƒ’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡Š‡Ž’‹‰›‘—™‹–Š›‘—”‡š’‡”‹‡–•ƒ† ƒŽ•‘•Šƒ”‹‰‘—”‹••—‡•ǡˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†•— ‡••‡•™‹–Š‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ‹ƒ‰Ǥ™‡Šƒ†ƒ•Šƒ”‡† ’ƒ•– †—‡ –‘ ‘—” ‹–‡”•Š‹’•ƒ– ǡ ™Š‹ Š Š‡Ž’‡† —• ‘‡ –Ǥ

(131)  ƒŽ•‘ ƒ†‹”‡†›‘— ˆ‘” ›‘—” ’ƒ––‡” ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ǡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ’”‘‰”ƒ‹‰ •‹ŽŽ•ǡ „—– ‡˜‡ ‘”‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž› ›‘—” ‹†‡••ǡ Ž‹ˆ‡ ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡• ƒ† ‘’‡‡•• –‘ Š‡ƒ”‹‰ ƒ† •—’’‘”–‹‰ ‡ ƒ† ‘–Š‡”• ‹ ƒ›–Š‹‰Ǥ

(132)  ™ƒ• ƒ† ƒ ƒŽ™ƒ›• ˜‡”› Šƒ’’› –‘ Š‡Ž’ ›‘— ™‹–Š ƒ›–Š‹‰ ›‘— ‡‡†Ǥ

(133)  •–‹ŽŽ ”‡‡„‡”–Š‡†‡Ž‹ ‹‘—•–Š‡ ƒ‡›‘—”™‹ˆ‡ƒ†‡ˆ‘”‡ǨŠƒ›‘—Ǩ ‡†‡”‹ ‘ǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•– ’ƒ••‹‘ƒ–‡Š”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”•

(134) ǯ˜‡‡–Ǥ‘—Šƒ†ƒ•–”‘‰™‘”‡–Š‹ ƒ†™‡”‡˜‡”›†‹• ‹’Ž‹‡†Ǥ –‘’‘ˆ–Šƒ–›‘—™‡”‡˜‡”›‹†ƒ†Šƒ†ƒ‹•ƒ–‹ƒ„Ž‡‡–Š—•‹ƒ•ƒ†‘’‡‡••–‘Š‡Ž’‹ –Š‡ Žƒ„ǡ ‘—” ‘—•‡ –‡”‹ƒ–‹‘• –‘‰‡–Š‡” „‘–Š ›‘—”• ƒ† ‹‡ǡ ™‘”‹‰ ‘—– ‘—” ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ‡“ ‹••—‡• –‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ Š‡Ž’ ‡ ™‹–Š ƒ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ –ƒŽ ƒ„‘—– Š Ž‹ˆ‡ǡ ‹••—‡• ‹ ‹– ƒ† ƒ†˜‹ ‡ǤŠƒ›‘—ˆ‘”„‡‹‰–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†•‘ƒ›‘–Š‡”•Ǥ  Šƒ›‘—–‘‡˜‡”›‘‡‡Ž•‡ˆ”‘–Šƒ–

(135) ‡–‹ ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒǡ‹ ›ǡ ƒ ”‡ƒ”ǡ

(136) ”‡‡ǡ ƒ”Ž‡‡Ǥǡ‘”‹ǡ‹”ŒƒǤǡ‡ǡ‹ƒǡƒ†”ƒǡ‡”ƒǡ‹‘Ž‡–ƒǡ‹ǡ‡‹Ž‹ǡ ƒ†ƒ‹ Ǥ—” ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•™‡”‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•’Ž‡ƒ•ƒ––‘‡ǤŽ„‡”–‘Ǥ

(137) ǯŽŽ‡˜‡”ˆ‘”‰‘–Š‘™›‘—ƒ†‡–Š‡•–ƒ”–‘ˆ ›ŠŽ‹ˆ‡Š‡”‡•‘— Šˆ—ǡ•–ƒ”–‹‰™‹–Šƒƒ™‡•‘‡Š‹–”‘†— –‹‘ƒ–ŽŽ‡”•ƒ„‘”‰Ǩ ƒǯ–™ƒ‹–ˆ‘”—•–‘ ƒ– Š—’•‘‘Ǩ 

(138) ™‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘Ž‹‡ –‘–Šƒ–‘•‘‡‘ˆ›’”‡˜‹‘—•‹•’‹”‹‰–‡ƒ Š‡”•ƒ†•—’‡”˜‹•‘”•™Š‘ ’”‘ˆ‘—†Ž›•Šƒ’‡†‡‘–Š‡”‘ƒ†–‘™ƒ”†•›ŠǤ”‘ˆ•Ǥ ‡˜ƒ†‡‡”‰ƒ†‘—‹•˜ƒ †‡” ƒǡ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” „‡‹‰ –Š‡”‡ ‹ › Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ •–—†› ƒ† ˆ‘” „‡‹‰ •— Š ‹•’‹”‹‰ǡ™‡Ž ‘‹‰ǡ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‰ƒ†•—’’‘”–‹˜‡–‡ƒ Š‡”•ƒ†•—’‡”˜‹•‘”•Ǥ”‘ˆǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥȋ ‘ŠƒȌ ‰„‡”•‡ǡ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” „‡Ž‹‡˜‹‰ ‹ ‡ ™Š‡

(139)  ™ƒ–‡† –‘ ‡š’ƒ† › „‹‘ Š‡‹•–”› ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ††‘ƒ•‡ŽˆǦ ‘•–”— –‡†„‹‘ Š‡‹•–”›ƒ––Š‡ƒ†„‘—†‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒŽŽ–Š‡™ƒ›‹ ‹Œ‡‰‡Ǥ‹ Šƒ”†ǡ‡–‡”ƒ† ƒǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”–ƒ‹‰ƒ Šƒ ‡‘‡ǡƒˆ”‡•ŠŽ›‹–‡†  Š‡‹ ƒŽ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ȋi.e.ƒ”‘‘‹‡‹„‹‘ Š‡‹•–”›ƒ†„ƒ•‹ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”Ž‹ˆ‡• ‹‡ ‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ†–‡ Š‹“—‡•Ȍƒ†–‡ƒ Š‹‰‡•‘— Š‹–Š‹•ˆ‹‡Ž†‹ƒ•Š‘”–’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ–‹‡Ǥ ƒǡ

(140) ƒŽ•‘”‡ƒŽŽ›ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–›‘—•Š‘™‡†–Š‡ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‘ˆ‘’Ž‡š

(141) †‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›Ǥ

(142) ƒŽ•‘”‡ƒŽŽ› ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡†‘—”–ƒŽ•ƒ†Šƒ˜‡•‘— Šƒ†‹”ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡ ƒ”‡›‘—–ƒ‡‹›‘—”™‘”ƒ† –Š‡’ƒ••‹‘›‘—Šƒ˜‡‹‹–Ǥ ——•ǡ ƒ”‘Ž†ƒ†‘”‹‡ǡ–Šƒ›‘—ˆ‘”™‡Ž ‘‹‰‡™‹–Š‘’‡ ƒ”•‹›‘—”‰”‘—’ǡƒ ‘‘†ƒ–‹‰›‹–‡”‡•–‹†‘‹‰ Ž‹‹ ƒŽǦ Š‡‹•–”›Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡†”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ†‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰› Ž‹‹ ƒŽ Š‡‹•–”›‘™Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ

(143) ™‹ŽŽƒŽ•‘ƒŽ™ƒ›• Š‡”‹•Š–Šƒ–

(144) ™ƒ•ƒ„Ž‡–‘ ’—„Ž‹•Šƒ„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž”‡˜‹‡™™‹–Š›‘—ƒ†™”‹–‡‰”ƒ–’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•™‹–Š›‘—Ǥ

(145) ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†›‘—” •—’‡”˜‹•‹‘ƒ†‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•‹‰‡‡”ƒŽƒ•ƒ˜‡”›’Ž‡ƒ•ƒ–ƒ†‹•’‹”‹‰ƒ†

(146) Ž‡ƒ”‡†ƒŽ‘–Ǥ Šƒ›‘—Ǥ  ʹ͸ͳ.

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