being a
Thesis presented for the Internal Degree of Doctor
of Philosophy in the Faculty of Laws,
University of London
by
HENRY MATHEW JOKO SMART
B.A. (Durham), LL.M. (Sheffield) of Grajfe Inn, Barrister-at-Law
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ABSTRACT
This thesis concerns Sierra Leone Faintly Law. The law is examined from the viewpoint of the pluralistic system - general, Islamic and customary laws - applicable in the country. The
thesis is divided into three Parts. This being a pioneering
A
work, it is necessary to give first an explanatory outline of the country and its legal system and how family law works within that system. Part One, which contains four chapters, is devoted to this preliminary explanation.
The Second Part deals with non-customary family law. It is mainly an analysis of the general law and Islamic law, but it also considers specific areas in family law in which there are conflicts in the pluralistic legal system . The highlights of this Part are: statutory marriage (Chapter 5); the essentials
j
i of a valid statutory marriage (Chapter 6); matrimonial relations
(Chapters 7 and 8 ); matrimonial property (Chapter 9); raatri-
i
monial reliefs (Chapter 10); termination of marriage (Chapter 11);
the parent-child relationship (Chapter 12); and succession to property under non-customary law (Chapter 13).
Part Three discusses customary family law. The inform
ation contained in this Part is derived partly from previous pub- j lished and unpublished sources, and partly from the personal field investigations of the present writer. The method of exposition of the customary laws is by topics rather than by ethnic groups, though with each topic, ethnic/local variations are indicated where relevant. This Part begins with an introduction showing how the present writer collected his data on customary law.
i
Chapter 14 examines the nature and character of customary-law marriage. Chapters 15 and 16 analyse the formation of a custom
ary-law marriage and the essential requirements for such marriage
ii.
respectively. The husband and wife/wives relationship in the compound/polygamous family is dealt with in Chapter 17. Chapter
18 discusses the termination of a customary-law marriage. The parent-child relationship under customary law is examined in Chapter 19. Finally, Chapter 20, dealing with succession under
customary law, concludes the thesis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work would not have been completed had it not been for the help and encouragement of a number of people and insti
tutions*
First, mention must be made of Professor A.N. Allott, Professor of African Law and Head of the Department of Law,
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, who supervised the work* I benefited much from Professor Allott* s criticisms; and his profound knowledge of African Law was an
inspiration to me throughout the time I spent on the thesis*
Dr* Doreen Hinchcliffe, Lecturer in Islamic law at the j
School of Oriental and African Studies, also deserves mention*
She clarified issues relating to Islamic law generally and, in particular, she gave me a thorough and stimulating insight into Maliki law*
Next, the United Kingdom Scholarship Commission was gener
ous in granting me a Commonwealth Academic Staff Scholarship for the 1972/73 Academic year, which lightened my financial burden*
Acting jointly with the Commission, the Association of Common
wealth Universities and the British Council took especial inter
est in my welfare and that of my family while in Britain*
Professor, the Rev* Canon Dr* H.A.E. Sawyer, Principal of Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, was very keen to see this work completed and he demonstrated it by enabling me,
in the face of many odds, to take a year’s leave of absence from the University of Sierra Leone*
The services of Miss E* Hoffmann of the Area Studies
Centre, School of Oriental and African Studies, and Mrs* M* Baker, of 4 Northwood Gardens, Clayhall, Ilford, Essex, should also be
iv.
put on record. Miss Hoffman assisted with the typing of this thesis in draft, and Mrs* Baker typed part of the thesis in draft and the whole of it in the final form* These ladies were very under standing ,and each was quick to respond within the shortest possible notice* In particular, Mrs* Baker performed a remark
able feat in typing the thesis in its present form within six weeks*
Mention must also be made of Or* E.O. Pratt, Medical Offi
cer, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Dr* G.Stern, Neuro-Physician of University College, London, and Mr* I.McCaul, a Harley-Street Neuro-Surgeon, without whose medical skills this work would have come to a premature and tragic end in 1972 when I was taken ill*
Finally, my wife and family contributed in no small measure to making me comfortable, and they urged me on during moments of depression* Though not a lawyer, Mrs* Daisy Smart even took the trouble to help with the checking of the cases*
To all the above-mentioned persons and institutions> I owe much and I express my sincere thanks and appreciation*
H.M.J.S.
Abstract
Acknowledgements Table of Enactments Table of Cases
Abbreviat ions Maps
Bibliography
PART ONE; THE LEGAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER 1^ THE COUNTRY* THE PEOPLE AND THE CONSTI
TUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT A. THE COUNTRY
(i) Location and physical features (ii) History
B. THE PEOPLE
C. THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 2: THE COURTS AND SOURCES OF LAW
A. THE COURTS
(i) The early Courts in the Colony
(ii) The early Courts in the Protectorate (iii) Appeal Courts outside the Country (iv) Ihe|present Court system
B. THE SOURCES OF LAW (i) The general law (ii) Islamic law (iii) Customary law
(i) (iii) (xvii) (xxxiv) (1) (liv) 719.
2
.
2 • 3.
7.
11
.
15.
15.
16.
18.
19.
23.
23.
34.
37.
vi.
CHAPTER 3; f CONFLICT OF LAWS
A. NOMENCLATURE AND DEFINITION ... 48.
(i) External Conflict of Laws ... 48.
(ii) Internal Conflict of Laws ... 50.
B. EXTERNAL CONFLICT OF LAWS ... 51.
(i) Choice of law ... 51.
(ii) Choice of courts ... 52.
(iii)Recognition and enforcement of foreign marriage, judgment and
decrees ... 52•
(iv) Domicile ... 65.
(a) Domicile of a married woman ... 68.
(b) Domicile of infants ... 72.
C. INTERNAL CONFLICT OF LAWS ... 80.
(i) Choice of law ... 80.
(a) Inter-tribal conflict ... 80.
(b) Conflict between customary law
and the general law ... 84.
(c) Which law applies to whom and
in what part of the country? ... 96.
(ii) Choice of Courts ... 118.
CHAPTER 4; THE FAMILY AND FAMILY LAW
A. THE FAMILY ... 126.
(a) Sociological standpoint ... 126.
(b) Legal standpoint ... 130.
B. FAMILY LAW ... 143.
PART TWO; NON-CUSTOMARY FAMILY LAW INTRODUCTORY NOTE
CHAPTER 5: STATUTORY MARRIAGE
A.^^HISTORY OF STATUTORY MARRIAGE
... 148.
... 149.
... 151.
/ B. PRELIMINARIES OF A STATUTORY MARRIAGE ... 157.
The engagement «•• 157•
(i) Time of engagement • • • 157 • (a) Christian and Civil Marriages ... 157.
(b) Mohammedan marriage ••• 158.
(ii) Procedure ••• 158.
(a) Christian and Civil marriages ... 158.
(b) Mohammedan marriage 159.
(iii) Legal effects of the engagement ... 161.
(iv) Remedies for breach ... 166.
(vj[ Justification for breach ... 167.
(vi) Damages for breach ... 168.
CHAPTER 6 : i^THE ESSENTIALS OF A VALID STATUTORY MARRIAGE
A. MARRIAGE UNDER THE CHRISTIAN AND CIVIL
MARRIAGE ACTS 176.
(i) Preliminary formalities ... 176.
(ii) Capacity ••• 193.
(a) Age .•. 193.
(b) Status ••• 194.
(iii) Consent ... 201.
(iv) Prohibited Gbgrees ••• 205.
(v) Proper names of the Parties ... 211.
(vi) Marriage must be celebrated before
two witnesses ... 213.
^ B. MOHAMMEDAN MARRIAGE ... 213.
(i) Capacity ... 216.
(a) Age ... 216.
(b) Number ... 217.
(c) Difference of religion ... 218.
(d) »Idda ... 218.
• • •
VI11.
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
(ii) Consent
(iii) Prohibited degrees (iv) Witnesses
(v) Proclamation (vi) Dower
7s MATRIMONIAL RELATIONS I A. INTRODUCTION
B. CONSORTIUM C . MAINTENANCE
219.
220
.
221
.
221
.
223.
227.
229.
241.
8 s MATRIMONIAL RELATIONS II A. CONTRACT
B. TORT C . C RIME D. EVIDENCE
E. NATIONALITY OR CITIZENSHIP OF A MARRIED WOMAN
255.
262.
263*
274.
288.
9 s MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY
A. CONFLICT OF LAWS ... 293.
B. THE GENERAL LAW OF MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY ... 298.
1. The Common Law ... 298.
2. Equity ... 299.
3. Statutory reforms ... 300.
4. The present law ... 306.
10 s MATRIMONIAL RELIEFS
A. NULLITY OF MARRIAGE ... 317.
1. Nullity of carriage under the Christiaan
and Civil Marriage Acts ... 317.
2. Nullity of a Mohammedan marriage ... 332.
B. JUDICIAL SEPARATION 339,
C. RESTITUTION OF CONJUGAL RIGHTS ... 342.
D. JACTITATION OF MARRIAGE ... 344.
CHAPTER II: TERMINATION OF MARRIAGE
A. MARRIAGE UNDER THE CHRISTIAN OR CIVIL
MARRIAGE ACTS ... 347.
1. Termination by death or presumption
of death ... 347.
2. Termination by divorce ••• 349.
(a) Historical background ... 349.
(b) Grounds for Divorce ... 352.
(i) Adultery ... 352.
(ii) Cruelty . •• 357.
(iii) Desertion ... 361.
(iv) Rape, sodomy or bestiality ... 366.
(c) Bars to a petition for divorce ... 366.
(a) Restrictive ... 366.
(b) Absolute ... 368.
(i) Connivance ... 369.
(ii) Condonation ... 372.
(iii) Collusion ... 374.
(c) Discretionary ... 375.
(i) Adultery ... 375.
(ii) Unreasonable delay ... 378.
(iii) Cruelty ... 380.
(iv) Desertion or wilful
separation ... 381.
(v) Wilful neglect or conduct
conduc ing ... 382•
(d) Jurisdiction ... 384.
(e) Critique of the divorce law ... 384.
B. TERMINATION OF A MOHAMMEDAN MARRIAGE
BY DIVORCE ... 390.
Procedure ... 391•
X.
(a) Judicial process ... 391.
(b) Mutual agreement ... 391*
(c) Talaq . «• 392#
Practice of Sierra Leone Muslims ... 392.
CHAPTER 12s THE PARENT AND CHILD RELATIONSHIP ... 397,
A. LEGITIMACY ... 398.
Conf1ict of Laws ... 398•
Who is legitimate or illegitimate? ... 406.
Presumption of legitimacy ... 409.
Declaration of legitimacy ... 412.
B. NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP ... 416.
C. MAINTENANCE ... 420.
(i) Legitimate children ... 420.
(ii) Illegitimate children ... 424.
D. CUSTODY ... 428.
(i) Definition ... 428.
(ii) Legitimate children ... 429.
(iii)Illegitimate children 432.
E. OFFENCES AGAINST CHILDREN AND THE VICARIOUS LIABILITY OF PARENTS FOR THE
CONDUCT OF THEIR CHILDREN ... 434.
(i) Offences against children ... 435.
(ii) Vicarious liability of parents and
guardians ... 438.
(a) Liability for torts ... 438.
(b) Liability for contract ... 439.
(c) Liability arising from crime ... 440.
F. LOSS OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AND AUTHORITY ... 441.
(a) Voluntary loss ... 442.
(b) Involuntary loss ... 442.
(i) Conflict in Testate Succession (ii)Conflict in Intestate Succession B. SUCCESSION UNDER THE GENERAL LAW
(i) Testate Succession (ii)Intestate Succuession C. SUCCESSION UNDER ISLAMIC LAW
(i) Testate Succession (ii)Intestate Succession D. CONCLUSION
• 446.
. 450.
. 458.
. 458.
• 466.
. 471.
. 471.
. 472.
. 479.
PART THREE: CUSTOMARY FAMILY LAW
INTRODUCTION 483
CHAPTER 14: THE NATURE AND CHARACTER OF CUSTOMARY- LAW MARRIAGE
A. THE FEATURES OF CUSTOMARY-LAW MARRIAGE B. TYPES OF CUSTOMARY-LAW MARRIAGE
... 491.
... 494#
CHAPTER 15: THE FORMATION OF A CUSTOMARY-LAW MARRIAGE A. INTRODUCTION
B. BETROTHAL
Time of betrothal
Who initiates betrothal?
Procedure Mende
Sherbro, Krim, Gallina Kissi
Temne
503.
505.
506.
507.
508.
508.
509.
509.
509.
xii
Susu • . • 509•
Koranko ... 510*
Kono , 510*
Llmba ... 511*
Loko ••• 511•
Legal Consequences of betrothal • • • 512 * Termination of betrothal ••• 515*
Effect of termination of betrothal on
property ••• 516.
Effect of termination on children ••• 517*
C. INITIATION ... 517.
D. FRIENDSHIP ARRANGEMENT ... 520.
E. CONCLUDING MARRIAGE FORMALITIES AND
CEREMONIES .. . 522.
(i) Marriage beginning with betrothal ... 522.
Mende. Krim, Gallina ... 523.
Sherbro ... 525.
Temne ... 525.
Susu ... 528.
Kissi ... 529.
Koranko ... 529•
Kono ... 531.
Llmba ... 532.
Loko ... 533.
(ii) Marriage by gift ... 534.
(iii) Marriage beginning with a friend
ship arrangement ... 535.
F. CONCLUSION ... 538.
CHAPTER 16: THE ESSENTIAL REQUIAMENTS FOR A VALID CUSTOMARY-LAW MARRIAGE
A. CAPACITY ... 541.
(i) Marital status ... 544.
(ii) Physical and mental development (iii) Prohibited degrees
f
Mende, Krim. Gallina Kissi
Kono Koranko Limba Sherbro Susu Temne B. CONSENT
C. THE MARRIAGE CONSIDERATION Definition
Character of the marriage consideration Time for the payment of the marriage cons iderat ion
Distribution of the marriage consider
ation
Waiver of the marriage consideration Effect of payment of marriage consider
ation
D. THE MARRIAGE FORMALITIES AND REGISTRATION (i) The marriage formalities
(ii) Registration
CHAPTER 17: THE MATRIMONIAL RELATIONSHIP
A. CHOICE OF THE MATRIMONIAL RESIDENCE B. RANKING OF WIVES
C. GUARDIANSHIP OF WIFE D. SEXUAL RIGHTS
E. DUTIES OF A WIFE
F. WIFE’S RIGHT TO MAINTENANCE G. CHASTISEMENT
547.
549.
550.
550.
550.
551.
552.
553.
553.
554.
555.
561.
561.
564.
565.
567.
568.
569.
570.
570.
571.
578.
583.
589.
592.
594.
598.
601.
xiv.
H. MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY ... 603.
I. MATRIMONIAL OFFENCES ... 616.
1. Matrimonial Offences ... 616.
(i) Offences against the husband ... 616.
(a) Seduction ... 616.
(b) Harbouring ... 618.
(c) Adultery ... 621.
(d) Miscellaneous Offences ... 623.
(ii)Sexual Taboos ... 623.
2. Remedies and Sanctions ... 625.
(i) Compensation or fine ... 625.
(ii)Swear ... 627.
(iii) Curse ... 628.
(iv)Expiatory or ritual sacrifices ... 629.
Mende, Sherbro, Gallina, Krim ... 629.
Temne, Limba ... 631.
Kono ... 631.
Koranko.Susu ... 631.
CHAPTER 18: TERMINATION OF A CUSTOMARY-LAW MARRIAGE
A. BY DEATH ... 633.
B. BY DIVORCE ... 640.
Extra-judicial divorce ... 642.
Judicial divorce ... 645.
Reasons for divorce ... 650.
(a) Reasons by husband or wife ... 651.
(i) Persistent disrespect of the
other’s parent ... 651.
(ii) Incurable insanity ... 652.
(iii)Barrenness or sterility ... 652.
(iv) Persistent and unreasonable
refusal of sexual intercourse ... 653.
(v) Sexual intercourse with an affine ... 654.
(vi) Per si st enlT cruelty . .. 654.
(vii)Desertion ... 655.
(viii)Witchcraft ... 655*
(ix) Chronic and infectious disease . .. 656*
(b) Reasons by husband only ... 656*
(i) Persistent adultery ...
(ii) Repeated disobedience and laziness ... 657*
(iii)Slander of husband ... 657*
(iv) Non-co-operation with co-wives ... 657.
(v) Refusal to allow husband to marry
another wife ... 658.
(vi) Subjecting husband to payment of
frequent fines ... 658.
(vii)Non-virgin ... 658.
(viii)Refusal to convert to Islam ... 658.
(c) Reasons by wife only ... 659.
(i) Non-maintenance ... 659.
(ii) Unhelpfulness to wife's parents ... 659.
(iii)Impotence ... 659.
Effect of divorce on marriage payments ... 661.
Mende, Krim, Sherbro, G a H i n a ... 662.
Kono, Koranko, Yalunka ... 662.
Limha ... 662.
Susu ... 663•
Kissi, Loko ... 663.
Temne ... 663•
CHAPTER 19: THE PARENT AND CHILD RELATIONSHIP A. INTRODUCTION
B. LEGITIMACY AND LEGITIMATION ... 670.
(i) Legitimacy ... 670.
(ii) Legitimation ... 673.
C . ADOPTION D. GUARDIANSHIP E. MAINTENANCE
F. OFFENCES AGAINST CHILDREN AND THE
VICARIOUS LIABILITY OF PARENTS FOR THE CONDUCT OF THEIR CHILDREN
CHAPTER 20: SUCCESSION UNDER CUSTOMARY LAW A. TESTATE SUCCESSION
B. INTESTATE SUCCESSION
A. SIERRA LEONE
1. STATUTES
Act to declare the Marriage of Stephen Gabbidon &
Maria Antoinette dissolved, 1829, N o *8 350 Administration of Estates Act, cap.45 97
s.2 466
S.10(l) 466
S.10(2) 466
s *29(1) 468
s.29(4) 469
s.30(l) 469
s *41 454
s. 43 401
s • 43 ( 1) 45/,452,470
s.43(3) 470,471
Administration of Justice Ordinance 1858, No.10 16 Administration of Justice Ordinance 1876, No.4 16 Bastardy Laws (Increase of Payments) Act 1961, No.12 121,426,
427 Children and Young Persons Act, cap.44 22,440
s .2 425
s.17 440
s .20 443
S .23(1) 142,421,422,441
s.23(2) 142,422,441
S .23(3) 142,421,422
s .25 444
s.26 444
s.27(l) 444
s.27(l)(d) 425
s.27(l)(ii) 444
s.27(l)(iii) 441
s .28 442
s.30 441
S .30(3) 422
X V I 11
Chcistian Marriage Act,cap.95 86, 87,109,112, 149,196,399,407
s.4 176,211
s.5(1) 176
s.5(2) 177,184
s.6(1) 177,195
s.6(2) 177,195
s.7(1) 205,207,209,210
s.7(2) 203,204,205
s .7(3) 195,197,198,201
s .8 204
s.9 177,189,191,321
s.10 180,181,185,186,
188,189,319
s.10(c) 211
s.10(d) 213
s.11 178
s.14 213
s.15 177
s.16 195,196
s.17 195,196,213
s.18 212,321
s.22 189,321
s.26 97,117,228,293-
297,401,451,452
s.27 191
s.29 161,166
Christian Marriage (Amendment) (No.2) Act
1965, No.48 38, 54,156,157,
203,320,548
s.l. 55, 91,157,194,
195,197,198,201, 202,204,544
S .2 205
Civil Marriage Act, cap.97 54, 78, 79, 86, 109,112,149,195,
196,399,407
s.l 155,181,295,452
s.3 178
S .4 178,211
s.6 178
s.7(a) 179
s.7(b) 179
s.7(c) 179
s .8 181,319,321
s.9 182
s .10 180
s .15 180,195,197,198,
201,319,322
s.15(b) 205
s.15(c) 211
8.15(d) 213
s .20 212,213,321
Civil Marriage (Amendment) Act 1965, No.12 195
Civil Marriage (Amendment)(No.2) Act, 1965 No. 49
s.l s .2
38,156,194,32©, 451,548
157 179,202,204,205 Constitution (Amendment) (No.2) Act, 1962, N o .12
s.1(3) s.1(4)
Constitution (Consolidation of Amendment) Act, 1965, No.52
s.3
Constitution (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1971, No.9
s.4(1) s .11 s .12 s.15
Constitution of Sierra Leone Act, 1971, No.6 s.9(4)
s.13(1) s .33 s.66(1) s.93(1) s.96
Coroners Inquest Ordinance 1872, No.8
417,418 418 290 290.292
Courts Act 1965, No.31 s.7
s. 11 s.18(1) s.18(2) s .21
s.21(a)(ii) s.53(3) s .68 s.70(1) s.74 s.76 s.76(2) s.76(3)
Courts Act (Amendment) Decree 1967, N o .56 Courts Ordinance 1946, cap.7
s .11 s .13 s.37 s.38 s.39 s.41 s.43
289 21, 23
19 19 182 38,289 266 64 24 16, 19, 21,122
24, 38 289,299
16 16, 38, 43,105 121 15 122 123 115,122 119,124 21 21 21 27, 41, 42, 62,
193,207,274 38, 41,105,106, 113,114,121,638, 669,691
104 83, 86,116 2 2
,
121,12240,114,115,119,123 123 27 38,103,104 40 18 15
Courts of Summary Jurisdiction Ordinance 1866,
No.5 16
Criminal Procedure Act 1965, No.32 97,265£ 75
s .86 277,278,279
s.87 277,278
s.87 proviso (c) 277,278
s.87 proviso (d) 280,281,282
s. 90 278
s.90(a) 277,278,279,280
s.90(b) 279
s.91 277,279
District Council Act, cap.79
s.40 46,638
Evidence (Marital Intercourse) Act, cap.103
s.l 412
s.2 287
Foreign Marriage Act, cap.98 56,149
Foreign Marriage (Recognition) Act 1966, No.29 55,149
s.2 56,182
Illiterate Protection Act, cap.104 464
Imperial Statutes (Criminal Law) Adoption Act,
cap.27 24,270
Imperial Statutes (Law of Property) Adoption Act,
cap.18 97,114,228,236,
261,263 ,300,301<~
306,315,459,461
s.4 256,259,260,304,
461
s.5 30f
Imperial Statutes (Law of Property)Adoption
(Amendment) Act 1949, No.14 261,263
s.2 257
Infanticide Act, cap.28 435
Interpretation Act 1961, No.46
s.3 43
Interpretation Act 1965, No.7
s.2 43
Interpretation Act 1971, No.8
s.3 43
s.3(1) 637
s.4 7, 8 , 23
s.11(1) 32
Interstates Estates Act 1887, No.8 s .50
Intestates Estates (Amendment) Act 1938, No.23 s.7
Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, cap.19 s.3
301,459
301,459 427 428 Local Courts Act 1963, No.20
s.2 s.13 s.13(1) s.l3(1)(c) s.13(2) s.14(2) s.29(7) s.50(1)
Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act, cap.101
Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) (Amendment) Act 1957, No.10
Marriage of British Subjects (Facilities) Act, cap.99 Marriage of Maroons Act, 1808
17, 22, 23, 38, 105,573,689 23, 40, 47,145,
638,669,694 10,115,400,470 103,118,416,451, 452,646,647,691
690 39, 82, 84,103,
104,115,116 81, 82 666 39 57,121 57 149 100-152 Married Women1 s Maintenance Act, cap.100
s .2 s.2 (l) s.4
Married Women’s Property Ordinance 1875,No.7 s.2
s.3 s.5 s .6 s .8 s.9
Matrimonial Causes Ordinance 1858, No.7 s.l
s.8 s.9
Matrimonial Causes Act,1949, cap.102 s.2
s.3(l) s.3(2)
120,244,253,286 245 246 246 228,256 300 300 300 300 258.259 258.259 339,344 344,350 351 350 33, 53, 97,124,339 37,109,115,230,415,
416 323,329 408
xxii
s.4(2) 368
s.5 352
s.5(b) 363
s.5(c) 358
s.7(3 ) 360,368,375,381
382
s.7(2)(i) 369
s.7(2)(ii) 369
s.14(1) 342
s.14(2) 341
s.14(3) 341
s. 14(4) 341
s.l5(l)(b) 247,248
s.16(1) 341
s.16(2) 341
s.17 231,342
s.18 231
s.18(1) 244,248
s.18(2) 342
s.19(1) 412,414,415,416
s.19(2) 415
s.19(6) 415,416
s .20 91,239
s .21 249
s.21(l) 247
s.21(2 ) 247
s.21(3) 247
s.21(4) 231
$.22(1) 252
s.22(2 ) 231,252,342,423
s.23 423
s .24(1) 423,445
s.24(2) 423
S .24(3) 423,424
s.28(1) 283-285,286
s.29(1) 347,348
s.29(2) 348
s.30 70,383,384
Matrimonial Causes (Amendment) Act 1961, N o .16 52
s.2 408
s.4 248,249,423
s.5 62, 70, 71, 72,
331,383,384 Mohammed Marriage Act, cap.96 119,149,253
s.2 34, 37,214
s.3 34
s.5 34,223
s.6(1) 35
s.6(2) 223
s.9 401,472
S .9(1) 450,454,472
s .9(2)(a) 35
s .9(2)(b) 35
s.9(3) 35
s.10 35
Nationality and Citizenship Act 1962, No.10
2(3) 291
3(3) 290,291,292
3(4) 290,291
s.9 292
Native Courts Ordinance, cap.8 38, 39
s.5 39,102
s.7 101
s.7(2)(b)(i) 689
s .23 102
s.24 102
Police Court Ordinance 1810, No.& 15
Prevention of Cruelty to Children Act, cap.31 97,425,440
s.2 422
s.3 435
s.4(1) 42,422,436
s.4(l)(b) 436
s.5 436
s .6 193,436
s.7 193,436
s.9 ' 436
s.10 436
s.11 436
s. 12 436
s.13 436
s.16 438
s.16(1) 441
s.19(1) 443
s.20 421
s.20(2) 441
s.20(3) 441
s.20(5) 441
s.21 421,426,441
s.29 280
Protectorate Act, cap.60
s .6 47
Protectorate (Amendment) Ordinance 1897, No.ll
s.10(2)(b) 689
Protectorate Courts Jurisdiction Ordinance
1903, No.6 17, 18, 38
s .22(2)(a) 689
Protectorate Courts Jurisdiction Ordinance
1932, No.40 17
Protectorate Courts Jurisdiction (Amendment)
Ordinance 1937, No.9 17
xxiv.
Protectorate Lands Act, cap.l22
s.3(3)(e) 465
s.4 465
Protectorate Marriage Ordinance 1903, No* 19 154
s .6 154
s. 10 155
s *13 155
s.30 155
s.38 155
s .39 155
s.40 155
s.44 155
s *48 154
Protectorate Native Law Ordinance 1905, No* 16 17 Protectorate Ordinance 1896, No*20 17, 25, 37, 39,112
s*10(2)(b) 689
Protectorate Ordinance 1901, N o .33 17
s.ll(2)(a) 689
Regulation of Marriages in the Colony of Sierra
Leone Ordinance 1859, No*2 153
Rent Restriction Act, cap 5
s*12(l)(d) 134
Royal West African Frontier Force Act, cap.179
s *99(1) 462
Statute Law (Amendment) Act 1961, No.48 16 , 42 , 43,109 Supreme Court Ordinance 1857, No.96
s .2 26
Supreme Court Ordinance 1862, No.3
s.2 27
Supreme Court Ordinance 1864, N o .8 27
Supreme Court Ordinance 1881, No.9 17,185
s.19 27
Supreme Court Ordinance 1904, N o .14
s .6 29, 30
Tribal Administration (Colony) Act, cap.78
s.12 395
Tribal Authorities Act, cap.61 571
Tribal Authorities (Amendment) Act 1964, No.13 571
s.2 571,572
West African Court of Appeal (Civil Cases)
Ordinance 1929, No.9 18
West African Court of Appeal (Criminal Cases)
Ordinance 1929, No.10 18
Workmen’s Compensation Ordinance, 1939, No*2S
s.3(1) 133
Subsidiary Legislation
Constitution of Sierra Leone 1961, P.N.No.78
S.1(1) 417
s.1(2) 417
s.2 (l) 419
s.4 417
s.4(2)(a) & (b) 420
s.5 417
s .6 417
s.79 19
Defence (Rent Assessment) Regulations 1941, P.N.No.23
reg.12(1)(d) 134
Local Court Procedure Rules 1964, P.N.No.8
r.3(l) 648
r.7 648
r.ll 648
r.20 648
Matrimonial Causes Rules, Vol.6 of Laws of Sierra Leone (1960 revision)
r.28 375,376
Procedure in Appeals to the Supreme Court
Adaptation Order 1971, P.N. N o .34 20
r .2 20
r.17 20
Protectorate Order in Council 1924 12
art.14 79
Supreme Court Rules (Adaptation) Order 1971,
P.N. No.35 20
Supreme THigh] Court Rules, Vol.6 of Laws of
Sierra Leone (1960 revision) 52
Tribal Authorities (Bum Chiefdom Native Marriage
and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.168 571 Tribal Authorities (Bendu-Cha Chief dom Native Marri
age and Divorce) Bye Laws 1962, P.N. No.58 571
xxvi.
Tribal Authorities (Dia Chiefdom, Native Marriage and Divorce)Bye-Laws 1960, P.N. No#163
Tribal Authorities (Gbane Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.61
Tribal Authorities (Gbane Kando Chief dom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.103 Tribal Authorities (Gorama Kono Chief dom Native
Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.102 Tribal Authorities (Jong Chief dom 'Native Marriage and
Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.170
Tribal Authorities (Kaffu Bullom £hiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1963, P.N. No.79
Tribal Authorities (Kamara Chief dom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.120; 1962, P.N. No.106
Tribal Authorities (Kissi Kama Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1960, P.NO. N o .164
Tribal Authorities (Kissi Tongi Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1960, P.N. No.161
Tribal Authorities (Kpanda-Kemo Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.169
Tribal Authorities (Kwamebai Krim Chiefdom Native Marri
age and Divorce ) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.167
Tribal Authorities (Loko Masama Chiefdom Native Marri
age and Divorce) Bye Laws 1963, P.N. No.139
Tribal Authorities . (Luawa Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1960, P.N. N o .162
Tribal Authorities (Mafindo Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.60
Tribal Authorities (Malegohun Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1960, P.N. No.165
Tribal Authorities (Malema Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1963, P.N. N o .134
Tribal Authorities (Mando Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.130; 1963, P.N. No.80
Tribal Authorities (MarCampa Masimera Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1963, P.N. No. 142 Tribal Authorities (Nimi Koro Chiefdom Native Marri
age and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N N o .62
Tribal Authorities (Nimi Yema Chiefdom Native Marri
age and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.104
571 571 571 571 571 571
571 571 571 571 571 571 571 571 571 571
571 571 571 571
Tribal Authorities (Nongoba Bullom Chiefdom Native
Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.211 571
reg.2 572,649
reg.3 572,573
reg.4 645-646
reg.5 649
reg.7 574
Tribal Authorities (Pejewa Chief dom. Native Marriage
and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1963, P.N. No.l 571 Tribal Authorities (Penguia Chiefdom Native Marriage
and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.131 571 Tribal Authorities (Sanda-Magbalonto Chiefdom Native
Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1963, PN. No.45 571 Tribal Authorities (Sitia Chiefdom Native Marriage
and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1962, P.N. No.57 571 Tribal Authorities (Soa Chiefdom Native Marriage and
Divorce) Bye-Laws 1963, P.N. No.116 571 Tribal Authorities (Tankoro Chiefdom Native Marriage
and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1961, P.N. No.63 571 TribaxAuthorit ies (Tunkatupa-Makama-Safroko-Dibia S
Chiefdom Native Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws
1962, P.N. No.98 571
Tribal Authorities (Upper Bambara Chiefdom Native
Marriage and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1962, P.N. N o .122 571 Tribal Authorities (Yawbeko Chiefdom Native Marriage
and Divorce) Bye-Laws 1962, P.N. No.60 571 3. Other Enactments
Legitimacy Bill 1965, dated 3 September 1965
art.2(1) 404
art.2(2) 404
art.4(1) 405
art•6 405
art.7 405
art.8(1) 405
art.9(1) 406
art.9(2) 406
Maintenance of Dependants Bill 1966, dated 15 September, 1966
art.l 253
art.2(1) 254
art.2(2) 254
art.3(2) 2 54
Schedule 254
xxviii.
B. ENACTMENTS OF ENGLAND 1. Statutes
Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 (39 & 40 Viet*
c .59) 32
Bastardy Laws (Amendment) Act 1872 (35 & 36 Viet*
c.65) 121,426
s.3 427
s.4 427
British Nationality Act 1948 (11 & 12 Geo.6,c.56) 413 Colony of Sierra Leone Act 1807 (47 Geo.3, c.44) 6 Conveyancing Act 1881 (44 & 45 Viet., c.41)
s.50 300
Criminal Justice Act 1925 (15 & 16 Geo.5, c.86) 265 Custody of Infants Act 1839 (2 & 3 Viet., c.54)
s.l 430
s.4 430
Custody of Infants Act 1873 (36 & 37 Viet., c.17) 430
s.2 431
Custody of Infants Act 1886 (49 & 50 Viet., c.27) 431 Deceased1s Brothers Widows Marriage Act 1921
(11 & 12 Geo.5, c.24) 206
Deceased's Wife's Sister's Marriage Act 1907
(7 Edw.7, c .47) 206
Divorce Reform Act 1969 (17 & 18 Eliz.2, c.55)
s.l 387
2nd Schedule 374
Evidence (Amendment) Act 1853 (16 & 17 Viet.,c.83) 274
s.l 274
s.3 274,275
Evidence Further Amendment Act 1869 (32 & 33 Viet., c.68)
s.2 283
s.3 285
Family Law Reform Act 1969 (17 & 18 Eliz.2, c.46) 77 Fatal Accidents Acts 1846-1861/.( Itid’3 c• 9?) 428 Fines and Recoveries Act 1833 (3 & 4 W.4, c.74) 302
Foreign Marriage Act 1892 (55 & 56 Viet*, c.23) 149
s.11 56
Forgery Act 1913 (3 & 4 Geo.5, c.27) 24 Guardianship of Infants Act 1925 (15 & 16 Geo.5,
c.45) 431
Infants Relief Act 1874 (37 & 38 Viet., c.62)
s.2 96,163
Judgment Extension Act 1868 (31 & 32 Viet.,c.Sty ) 58 Larceny Act 1916 (6 & 7 Geo.5, c.50) 24,280
s.33 274
s.36(1) 270
s.36(2) 270
Law Reform (Husband & Wife) Act 1962 (10 & 11
Eliz .2, c.48) 263
Law Reform (Married Women & Tortfeasors) Act 1935 (25 & 26 Geo.5, c.30)
S .3 257,262,263
Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1949
(12, 13 & 14 Geo.6, c.100) 61
s.4(1) 408
S .5 244
s.7 288
Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1970 (18 & 19 Eliz.2, c.33)
s.l 172
s.3(l) 172
s.4 232,237
s.5 232,237
Legitimacy Act 1926 (16 & 17 Geo.5, c.60) 406
s.1(2) 406
s.1(3) 406
s.3(3) 406
Marriage Act 1823 (4 Geo.4, c.76)
s .22 186
Marriage Act 1835 (5 & 6 W.4, c.54) 206 Marriage Act 1949 (12, 13 & 14 Geo.6, c.76) 206
s.1(1) 206
Part I, Schedule 1 206
Part II, Schedule 1 206
s.22 213
XXX*
Marriage (Enabling) Act 1960 (8 & 9 Eliz.2, c.25) 206
s.l 206
Schedule 206
Marriage (Prohibited Degrees of Relationship) Act
1931 (21 & 22 Geo.5, c.31) 206
Married Women's Property Act 1870 (34 & 35 Viet.,
c.93) 256
Married Women's Property (Amendment) Act 1874
(37 & 38 Viet., c.50) 256
Married Women's Property Act 1882 (45 & 46 Viet.,
c.75) 236,301
s.17 308
Married Women (Restraint upon Anticipation) Act
1949 (12, 13 & 14 Geo.6, c.78) 302 Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 (20 & 21 Viet., c.85) 341 Matrimonial Causes Act 1923 (13 & 14 Geo.5, c.19) 351 Matrimonial Causes Act 1937 (1 Edw.8 & 1 Geo.6 ,c.57) 351 Matrimonial Causes Act 1950 (14 Geo.6 * c.25)
s.18(1) 384
s.18(1)(a) 59
s .32(1)
s.32(2) 288
s.32(3) 284
Matrimonial Causes Act 1965 (13 & 14 Eliz.2, c.72)
s.11 408
s.40(l)(a) 59
s.40(l)(b) 61, 62
s.43(1) 288
S .43(3) 284
Matrimonial Causes relating to Marriage in Ireland Act 1870 (33 & 34 Viet., c.110)
s .39 189
Matrimonial Proceedings (Polygamous Marriage) Act
1972 (20 & 21 Eliz.2, c.38) 52
s.l 53
Matrimonial Proceedings & Property Act 1970 (18 & 19 Eliz.2, c.45)
s.20 343
s.41 243
Merchant Shipping Act 1894 (57 & 58 Viet., c.60) 24 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 (24 & 25 Viet.,
c .100) 42
s.58 435
s .59________ 435
Perjury Act 1911 (1 & 2 Geo.5, c.6) 24 Places of Religious Worship Registration 1855
(18 & 19 Viet., c.81) 190
Poor Laws Act 1834 (4 & 5 W.4, c.76)
s.57 424,432
s.71 424
Recognition of Divorces and Legal Separations Act 1971 (19 & 20 Eliz.2, c.53)
s .2 62
s. 10(4) 62
Statute of Distributions 1670 ( 22 & 23 Cha.2, c.10) 459,468 Statute of Wills 1542 (34 & 35 Hen.8 , c.5)
s.14 459
Supreme Court (Consolidation) Act 1925 (15 3 16
Geo.5, c.49) 121
Tenures Abolition Act 1660 (12 Cha.2, c.24)
s .8 430
United Kingdom Colonial & Other Territories
(Divorce Jurisdiction) Acts, 1926-1950Ov 2.0) 64 Wills Act 1837 (7 Will.4 & 1 Viet., c.26) 697
s.3 458,465
s.7 464
s.9 448
s.11 464
s.18 458
Wills (Amendment) Act 1852 (15 & 16 Viet., c.24)
s.l 462
Wills (Amendment) Act 1861 (24 & 25 Viet., c.114)
s.l 463
s.2 447,448,449
2. Subsidiary Legislation Marriage Order 1964 S.l. (1964) N o .926
art.19 56
xxxii.
C . ENACTMENTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES AUSTRALIA
Matrimonial Causes Act 1959-1966
s.28 387
GAMBIA
Christian Marriage Act, cap.23 (1966 edition) s. 14
Civil Marriage Act, cap.27 (1966 edition) s. 16
322
322 GHANA
Courts Ordinance, cap.4 (1951 edition) s.17
Marriage Act, cap.127 (1951 edition) s.42
s. 44 s. 48
Matrimonial Causes Act, 1971 s.1(2 )
s.2 (l) s.2(3)
27 28
322,323 544 457
388 388 388 KENYA
Evidence Act, cap.80
s.127(1) 275
NIGERIA
Eastern Region Customary Courts Law 1963, cap.32 s.23(2)
High Court of Lagos Law, cap.80.
s. 16
Interpretation Act, cap.89 (1958 edition Laws of the Federation)
Marriage Act, cap.115 s.ll(l)(a)
s.ll(1)(c) s.33
s.33(1) s.33(3)
83
28 27
179,198 179 210 198 323
s.35 544
s.36(1) 209,457
s.36(l)(t>2 466
Matrimonial Causes Decree 1970
s.12 388
s.13 388
s.15 387
s.17(1) 388
s.17(2) 388
Northern Region Native Courts Law 1963, cap.78
s.20(1) 83
Southern Region Supreme Court Ordinance 1876
s.19 113
NEW ZEALAND
Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1963 3S7
NYASALANP (MALAWI) Marriage Ordinance 1902
s.40(a) 209
ST. HELENA
Marriage Ordinance, 1850, No.l 153
TANGANYIKA Criminal Procedure Code
s.155(1) s.155(2)
ZANZIBAR Evidence Decree, cap.5.
s.120 275
2i>tf.
26 if
xxxiv.
TABLE OF CASES
Note on Sierra Leone^reporting
A great obstacle to anyone embarking on research into a Sierra Leone legal topic is the dearth of reported case-law.
Until 1969 when the African Law Reports (Sierra Leone series) were begun, law reporting in Sierra Leone has been negligible.
Throughout the long period of the country’s legal history, the only law reports have hitherto been (a) M.F.J. McDonnell's Sierra Leone Law Reports, 1912-1924 (one volume); (b) E.S.
Beoku-Bett's Sierra Leone Law Recorder, 1950 (three volumes);
and (c) Sierra Leone Law Reports, 1960-1963 (three volumes) published by Sweet & Maxwell, London. None of these reports contains sufficient material in any one area of Sierra Leone law
in order to kindle enthusiasm for research into that field.
Despite this obstacle, the present writer has tried to supple
ment the few Sierra Leone reported cases with unreported ones which he himself discovered, and he has drawn abundantly on rele
vant case-law from other Commonwealth countries, notably from Britain, from which much has been borrowed by the Sierra Leone Courts themselves.
CASES
A
A. v. B. (1868) L.R.I. P & D 559
A.M.B. Bright (dcd.), In the Estate of, v. Bright 1957-60 ALR S.L. 102
318 303 Abu v. Bundoh, unreported (case No.209/68)
Ackah v. Arinta (1893) Sar. F.L.R. 79 Adadevoh, Re (1951) 13 W.A.C.A. 304
91, 92 398,400,401,404
622
Adegbola v. Folaranmi & Ors. (1921) 3 N.L.R.81 456 Adesubokan v. Yunusa [<972] J.A.L. 82 449,466 Aiyede v. Norman-Williams [i960] L.L.R. 253 96 Akar v. Attorney-General of Sierra Leone 1967-68
A.L.R. S.L. 283 (S.C.); 381 (C.A.); [1970] A.C.
853 (P.C.) 417,419
Akwapin v. Bundu 1931-37 Diir. Ct. 89 92 Alawusa v. Odusote (1941) 7 W.A.C.A. 140 269 Allie (dcd.), In re, 1950-56 A.L.R. S.L. 338 98,446,454,472 Alpha Suliman v. Mballey, unreported (No.
199/43) 38,124
Anoff v. Fo/anah 1967-68 A.L.R. S.L. 357 434 Anstey v. Anstey [1962] 1 All E.R. 741 378 Antoh v. Antoh, unreported (undated) 356,364,371 Antoh v. Crowther, unreported (1949) 238 Apatira Sr.Ors. v. Akanke & Ors. (1944) 17 N.L.R.
149 448,449
Asante v. Gold Coast Drivers Union (1957) 3
W.A.L.R. 5 84
Ashong v. Ashong (1968) C.C.26 30
Asiata v. Goncallo (1900) 1 N.L.R. 42 403
Astle v. Astle [1939] P.415 358
Atchinson v. Baker (1796) Peake Add.Cas.103 173 Athlumney, In re, [1898] 2 Q.B. 547 306 Attorney-General for Alberta v. Cook [1926]
A.C. 444 P.C. 69
B
Baindail v. Baindail [1946] P.122; [1946] 1 All
E.R. 342 54,416
Balfour v. Balfour [1919] 2 K.B. 571 262
Bamgbose v. Daniel [1955] A.C. 107 88
Bangura v. Bangura, unreported (1970) 249 Bangura, (deed.), In re, unreported (1945) 133 Bamkole-Bright v. Bankole-Bright, unreported (/137) 302,306
xxxvi.
Bankole-Bright v. United African Company Ltd*
and Bankole-Bright (1950 ) 3 S.L. Law Recorder 23 261,302 Banks v. Goodfellow (1870) L.R. 5 Q.B. 549 463 Banufe, (dcd)* In re, 1968-69 ALR S.L. 268 476 Bater v. Bater £l950] 2 All E.R. 458 360,361
Baxter v. Baxter [ 1948] A.C. 274 325
Bazeley v. Forder (1868) L.R. 3 Q.B. 559 421,440
Beaumont, In re, [1893] 3 Ch.490 73
Bebee v. Sales (1916) 32 X.L.R. 413 439 Beckley S. Beckley v. Aubee & Faulkner 1968-69
ALR S.L.190 464
Beer v. Beer [1948] P.10 38 2
Bellamy, Re (1884) 25 Ch.D.620 299
Benjamin v. Renner (1950) 3 S.L. Law Recorder 26 134 Benton v. Benton [1957] 3 All E.R. 544 373 Bethell, In re (1888) 38 Ch.D.220 106,109 Berry v. Da Costa (1866) L.R. 1 C.P. 331 168,174 Berthon v. Cartwright (1796) 2 Esp.480 238
Bessela v. Stern (1877) 2 C.P.D. 265 162
Be^t v*1 Samuel Fox & Co. Ltd. [1952] 2 All E.R.394;
[1952] A.C.716 229,233 ,236,237
Bindi v. Carpenter, unreported (case No. 131/68) 622 Bindi v. Janet Luseni, unreported (1967) 620
Blackwell v. Bull (1836) 1 Keen 176 132
Blunt v. Blunt [1943] 2 All E.R. 76 377,378
Bockari Sesay, unreported (1965) 711
Boyle v. Boyle 1964-66 ALR S.L.464 362
Boothroyd v* Boothroyd & Slater £ 3.963] 3 All E.R.
625 285
Bowman v. Bowman [1949] P.353 367
Bracebridge v. Cook (1572) Plowd.416 299
Brend v. Wood (1946) 62 X.L.R. 462 187
Bright, In re, 1957-60 ALR S.L. 102 (S.C.)
Bright v. Bright Executors 1957-60 ALR S.L. 182 (W.A.C.A.)
Bright v. Dalmas, unreported (1939)
Brima Kormor v. Nicholas Coosah & Lamin (1960-1) 1 S.L.L.R. 66
British Railways Board v. Herrington fl972] 1 All E.R. 749, H.L.
Brown v. Brown £ 1968] 2 All E.R. 11 Brown v. Jelaney, unreported (No.363/45) Buck v. Buck, unireported (1924)
Bull v. Bull £1965] 1 All E.R. 1057 Burt v. Hellyar (1872) L.R. 14 Eq.160 Butler v. Butler (1885) 16 Q.B.D. 374
Butterworth v. Butterworth & Englefield £1920]
P.126
C
Casdagli v. Casdagli £1919] A.C. 145
Central London Property Trust Ltd. v. High Trees House Ltd. £ 1947J K.B. 130
Chipchatee v. Chipchase £l94l] 2 All E.R.
£1942] P.37
560;
212 Christian v. Intsiful (1953) 13 W.A.C.A. 347 464
Churchman v. Churchman £1945] P.44 369
Clarke (dcd), In re, unreported (Civ.Cas.No.35/40) 469 Clarke (an Infant) In re, 1964-66, ALR S .L. 270 409,410,434 Gackett v. Cackett £l950] 1 All E.R. 677 325
Cohen v. Sellar £1926] 1 K.B. 536 171
Coker v. Coker, unreported (1970) 362,363
Coker v. Coker (1943) 17 N.L.R. 55 456
Cole v. Cole (1898) 1 N.L.R. 15 88,403,456
Cole v. Macanley, unreported (1940) 171
Coleman v. Shang £1959] G.L.R. 390 87, 90 Cookson v. Cookson, unreported (1954) 357,358 460 304,305,461
302,303 40 687
59 38,124 431 376 130,135 259 239,241
66
31
xxxviii.
Cowley v. Cowley (19013 A.C* 450 345
Coxhead v. Mullis (1878) 3 C.P.D. 439 163
Crown v. Crown, unreported (1948) 340
Cummings v. Cummings 1968-69 ALR S.L.44 326,342,365,382 D
Dalryznple v. Dalrymple (1811) 2 Hag. Con.54 55 Dancer v. Daneef(19483 2 All E.R. 731 212 Davies v. Davies, unreported (No.8/52 ) 355 Davies v. Davies 1964-66 ALR S.L. 83 (S.C.),
187 (C.A.) 357,358
Davis v. Bamford (1860) 6 H & N.245 167
D-E v. A-G (1845) 1 Rob.Eccl.279 324
Debenham v. Mellon (1880) 6 App.Cas.24, H.L. 243 Decker v. Decker 1964-66 ALR S.L.334 376,379 De Manneville v. De Manneville (1804) 10 Ves.
Jun.52 429
Demby v. Bishop (1950 ) 3 S.L. Law Recorder 7 86, 235 Dennis v. Dennis (Spillett cited) (19553 2 All
E.R. 51 353
De Reneville v. De Reneville tl948j P.100; £1948}
1 All E.R. 56 69,318,332
Ditcham v. Worrall (1880) 5.C.P.D. 410 163 Dobbs v. Dobbs & Savage (19623 2 All E.R.900 284 Dolphin v. Robins (1859) 7 H.L.C. 390 69 Don*s Estate, In re (1857) 4 Drewry 194 398 D.P.P. v. Smith (19603 3 All E.R. 161 31 Doucet v. Geoghegan (1878) L.R. 9 Ch.D.441 66 Douglas v. Douglas (19503 2 All E.R. 748, C.A. 371
Dove v. Dove, unreported (undated) 247
Drevon v. Drevon (1864) 34 L.J. Ch. 129 66 Du Boulay v. Du Boulay (1869) L.R. 2 P.C. 430 344
Dunn v. Dunn (19483 2 All E.R. 822 312
Durrant v. Ricketts (1881) 8 Q.B.D. 177 258
Elba v. Elba 1967-68 ALR S.L.74 Elliott v. Albert [1934] 1 K.B. 650 Elliott v. Elliott, unreported
Evans v. Evans (1790) 1 Hag .Con.35 Evans v. Evans & Blyth £ 1904] P.378 Evans v. Evans & Platts [1899] P. 195
245,364 284 230,354,356 357 284 240
Faremouth v. Watson (1811) 1 Phil.355 Farnham v. Farnham [1937] P.49
Fender v. Mildmay [1937] 3 All E.R. 402 Fenton v. Livingstone (1859) 3 Macq.497 H.L.
Fofana v. Amara., unreported (Case No.283/68) Forbes v. Forbes (1859) Kay 341
Forster v. Forster, unreported (1942) Foster v. During, unreported (1933) Foster v. Foster [l92l] P.438, C.A.
Frgderibk Ntonga, In the matter of the Estate of, [ 1964] J.A.L. 41, High Court
Fribance v. Fribance £1957] 1 All E.R. 357, C.A.
Fuld (No.3), In the Estate of, £l968] P.675
319 411 164 398 617 72, 74 388 299 230
30 308 67
G. v. M. (1885) 10 App. Cas. 171
Gardner v. Gardner (1901) 17 X.L.R. 331
Gbondo Kpewo of Dambara v. Tommy Margao & family, unreported (1963)
Ginesi v. Ginesi [1948] 1 All E.R.373 Gissing v. Gissing [ 1970] 2 All E.R. 780 Glenister v. Glenister [1945] 1 All E.R. 513 Glover v. Glover, unreported (1949)
Godfrey v. Godfrey [1964] 3 All E.R. 154, H.L.
330 239 666 356 308 382 355,356 371
xl*
Godwin v# Crowther (X934 ) 2 W.A.C.A. 109 29, 30,210 Goodman* s Trust, In re, (1881) 17 Ch*D*285 398 Goodright v. Moss (1777) 2 Cowp. 591 411 Gottlieb v. Gleiser £>958] 1 Q.B. 267 235,237,238 Govier v. Hancock (1796) Term*Rep*603 243
Gray v* Formosa [1963] P.259 75
Gray v. Gee (1923) 39 T.L.R. 429 236,237
Greaves v. Greaves (1872) 2 L.R.P.D. 423 185,186 H
H. v. H. [1928] P*206 69
Haastrup v. Coker {1922) 8 N.L.R. 68 402,403
Hall v. Hall [1962] 3 All E.R. 518 33
Hallowell v* Magnus, unreported (Case No*177/61) 623
Hamilton, In re, 1950-56 ALR S.L.l 459
Hamp v. Robinson (1867) 16 L.T. 29 276
Harding v* Price [1948] 1 K.B. 695 187
Harlow v. Minister of Transport [1951] 2 K.B. 98 105 Harris v. Harris (1962) 2 S.L.L.R. 94 359 ,376,378,380
Harris v. Morris (1801) 4 Esp.41 243
Harrison v. Cage (1698) 1 Ld.Raym.386 166 Harrison v. Harrison [1953] 1 W.L.R. 865 74
Harrison v* Rowan, 3 Washington 585 463
Hassanali R. Dedhar v. Special Commissioner, etc*,
of Lands [1957] E.A. 104, C.A. 208
Harvey v* Farnie (1882) 8 App. Cas.43 55 Harvey v. Johnston (1848) 6 C.B. 295 163 Haynes v* Haynes & Sawkill [i960] 2 All E.R.401 287 Hawke v. Corri (1820 ) 2 Hag. Con*280 345 Henderson v* Henderson [1967] P.77; [1965] 1 All
E.R. 179 67, 73
Holland v. Holland [1925] P. 101 411
Hyde v. Hyde (1866) L.R. 1 P & D.130 53,108-9,121,416 I
Idrissa Kaxnara, In the Estate of, unreported
(1963) 710
Indyka v. Indyka [1969] 1 A.C .33 60-62
Inglis v. Inglis £1967] 2 All E.R.71 372 Innis and Stevens v. Wray (1963) 3 S.L.L.R. 44 464 Isatu v. Abdudai Kamara, unreported (undated) 712
J
Jabbie v. Katta, unreported (1967) 622
Jackson v. Watson & Sons £.1909] 2 K.B# 193 232 Jackson v# Weeks, unreported (No#363/45) 124
Jacobs v. Davis [1917] 2 K.B. 532 171
Jacob Wyse (dcd), In the Estate of, unreported
(1957) 142,469
Jefferson v# Paskell £l916j 1 K.B. 57 168 Jenion (dcd) Re, Jenion v. Wynne £1952] 1 All E.R.
1228 288
Jiwan Khan v. Habib (1933) 14 Lahore 518 214 John v. John, 1957-60 ALR S.L.77, W.A.C.A. 355,356 Johnson v. U.A.C. Ltd. (1936) 13 N.L.R. 13 208,209 Jones v. Jones, unreported (1953) 355,356 Jones v. Jones, 1957-60 ALR S.L.287 311,361,364
Josei v. Josei, unreported (1944) 79,353
K
Kallon v. Sesay, unreported (case No.910/70) 689 Kamanda Bongay v. Macaulay, unreported (1931) 100 Karteh v. Tailor, unreported (undated) 617 Keats v. Keats & Montezuma (1859) 1 Sw & Tr.334 373 Kebbie Dumbuya, In the Estate of, unreported (1967) 710 Kenward v. Kenward £l95l] P.124; £1950] 2 All E.R.
297 55
