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Molecular dissection of Cdc6 and the miR-148 family : two stories with common themes

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(1)Molecular dissection of Cdc6 and the miR-148 family : two stories with common themes Duursma, A.M.. Citation Duursma, A. M. (2008, May 14). Molecular dissection of Cdc6 and the miR-148 family : two stories with common themes. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12848 Version:. Corrected Publisher’s Version. License:. Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded from:. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12848. Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable)..

(2) Chapter 7. General Discussion. .

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(4) General Discussion Cancer is a result of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, which together change the balance of cellular regulatory mechanisms towards uncontrolled proliferation. Crucial mechanism to prevent cancer are cell cycle checkpoints and the DNA damage response (DDR) that prevents cell cycle progression in the presence of DNA damage or aberrantly replicated DNA. How cells protect themselves from DNA damage and how the cell cycle is regulated are consequently key questions in current cancer research. Furthermore, the role of epigenetic DNA modifications have received attention for their role in regulating gene expression and genome stability. This thesis describes several aspects of these topics by studying Cdc6 and the miR-148/152 family. In the following section I will discuss the major findings and their relevance to oncogenesis.. Dual function of Cdc6 in DNA damage checkpoints .<9 FGH GHI8M 89G7F=698 =B H<=G H<9G=G <5DH9F  F9J95@G 5 BCJ9@ A97<5B=GA H<5H =G IG98 6M 79@@G HC DF9J9BH ( F9D@=75H=CB=BH<9DF9G9B79C:(85A5;9  19 89ACBGHF5H98 H<5H 87 5B 9GG9BH=5@ DFCH9=B :CF =B=H=5H=CB C: ( F9D@=75H=CB =G 8CKBF9;I@5H98 IDCB =CB=N=B; F58=5H=CB #, =B 5 D 89D9B89BH A5BB9F  #B D5FH=7I@5F K9 :CIB8 H<5H G9F=B9  D<CGD<CFM@5H=CB C: 87 6M %  M7@=B  GH56=@=N9G H<9 DFCH9=B 6M =B<=6=H=B; F97C;B=H=CB 6M H<9  @=;5G9*8< 39H:C@@CK=B;(85A5;9 D=B8I798IDF9;I@5H=CBC:D =B<=6=HGH<=G ?=B5G95B85G5F9GI@H87=G89GH56=@=N98  -=B7987=G9GG9BH=5@:CF=B=H=5H=CBC:( F9D@=75H=CB H<9G9 85H5 GI;;9GH H<5H ( 85A5;9 89D9B89BHF9;I@5H=CBC:87A=;<H D@5M5FC@9=BDF9J9BH=B;(F9D@=75H=CB=B 79@@GK=H<85A5;98(  @GC D =B89D9B89BH A97<5B=GA C:  89GHFI7H=CB 5:H9F ( 85A5;9 <5J9 699B 89G7F=698  87 K5G :CIB8 HC 69 89;F5898 :C@@CK=B; HF95HA9BH K=H< H<9 5@?M@5H=B; 5;9BHG 58CN9@9G=B @5B7<5F8 9H 5@  

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(117)   87 GH56=@=HM =G F9;I@5H98 6M. ,CG9B) CI3 -7<B9DD, 1 %F5B?9@ &=JC@G=0 . H<9"IK9 I6=EI=H=B@=;5G95:H9F(85A5;9 'C@=C@9@@.   !=66G   9H 5@  

(118)

(119)   '9B=B 5B8 '&& 7CCD9F5H=J9@M. 

(120) 

(121). F9;I@5H9 9LDF9GG=CB C: 7M7@=B 89D9B89BH ?=B5G9 =B<=6=HCFG  *FC7(5H@758-7=/-

(122)  . "5H96C9F! 1C6GH *9H9FG9B ) &95A& 0=;C   -5F89H   5B8 "9@=B %     9@@ 7M7@9 F9;I@5H98. )UCBB9@@ '  $  5B8 =ADF=7< %    

(123)

(124)   ! 85A5;9. 9LDF9GG=CBC:A5AA5@=5B=G89D9B89BHCB 'C@. 7<97?DC=BHGK<5H=GH<9HIFB CB$9@@-7=  . 9@@=C@  . )UCBB9@@ %    19BHN9@     49@@9F %  #  5B;   0  "9FA5B8 5B8(IFG9* 

(125)

(126)  87 9B:CF79G@CB;. 5B8 '9B89@@ $  .  

(127)

(128)   7 'M7 F9;I@5H98 A=7FC,(G. H9FAA5=BH9B5B79C:H<9-D<5G97<97?DC=BH6M5B7<CF=B;. AC8I@5H9 9LDF9GG=CB (5HIF9 . H<9 ,58 ,58 7CAD@9L HC 7<FCA5H=B  'C@ 9@@   . )9<@A5BB' -7CF9 $ 5B8@CK$ $ 

(129)

(130)  .<9FC@9 C:87=B9BGIF=B;7CAD@9H9;9BCA9@=79BG=B;5B8-D<5G9. %565G<=A5% 5B?G.  BG9@% ' &I. . 15F9. 7<97?DC=BH57H=J5H=CB $9@@=C@   

(131).   5B8MGH9F$ ! 

(132)

(133)  #BHF=BG=7@MAD<CHCL=B 69H5 F979DHCF F9EI=F9A9BH :CF <CA9CGH5G=G C: @MAD<C=8 H=GGI9. )GH@9F %  ,  5J=G   '  *5MB9 -  &  !CG5@=5    . 89B8F=H=779@@G #AAIB=HM 

(134). LDCG=HC 9GD989G $  &9 95I '  '  5B8 !C8@9M &    

(135)

(136)  5B79F79@@G9LDF9GG569FF5BH('.HF5BG7F=DHG. %9@@M .  $  '5FH=B !  -  CFG6IF; -  &  -H9D<9B ,  $ . 9B7C8=B;HFIB75H98DFCH9=BG )B7C;9B9 . ,IGGC 5B8(IFG9*   .<9GG=CBM95GH787  ;9B9 DFC8I7H 7CID@9G - D<5G9 HC -.,. 5B8 A=HCG=G  9@@. *9H9FG9B   )  15;9B9F   '5F=BCB=  %F5A9F   , .  . '9@=L9H=5B' &5NN9F=B=9B7<= !=9::9FG '5HH9I77=   *9H9FG $  '  5B8 "9@=B %  

(137)

(138)

(139)   9@@ 7M7@9  5B8. %F9?   !FIB   *CM '  (  1C@: ,  ,CG9B69F; & . 79@@ ;FCKH< F9;I@5H98 DFCH9C@MG=G C: A5AA5@=5B  =G. DGH9=B   $  '57'9B5A=B *  85 *=98589 #  !IBG5@IG. 89D9B89BHCB* " !9B9G9J 

(140) . %  -HC::9@' 5B8,5>9KG?M( 

(141)

(142)  CA6=B5HCF=5@ A=7FC,(H5F;9HDF98=7H=CBG (5H!9B9H 

(143)

(144). *=5HH= -  &9B;5I9F   5B8 (5GAMH< %     87 =G 5B IBGH56@9 DFCH9=B K<CG9 89 BCJC GMBH<9G=G =B !  =G. &5I   4<I   6F5<5A ,  .  5B8 $=5B; 1  

(145)

(146)  . =ADCFH5BH :CF H<9 CBG9H C: - D<5G9 5B8 :CF DF9J9BH=B; 5. .<9:IB7H=CB5@FC@9C:87=B- ! '=BA5AA5@=5B79@@G . TF98I7H=CB5@U5B5D<5G9=BH<96I88=B;M95GH-577<5FCAM79G. '),9D 

(147). 79F9J=G=59 A6C$  . &99 3  -  5B8 IHH5   

(148)

(149)   .<9 HIACF GIDDF9GGCF. ,<C589G '  1  ,9=B<5FH   $  &=A &  *  IF;9    . A=7FC,(@9H F9DF9GG9GH<9"'!CB7C;9B9 !9B9G9J. 5FH9@   5B8 5FH9@   *  

(150)

(151)   *F98=7H=CB C: D@5BH.  

(152) 

(153) 

(154). A=7FC,(H5F;9HG 9@@

(155)   

(156). -5=HC3 %5B5=3 -5?5ACHC' -5=HC" #G<==" 5B8. &9J=B9 $   DH<979@@I@5F;5H9?99D9F:CF;FCKH<. "=FC<5G<= -  

(157)

(158)   )J9F9LDF9GG=CB C: 5 GD@=79 J5F=5BH. 5B88=J=G=CB 9@@ . C: ( A9H<M@HF5BG:9F5G9 6 ('.6 5GGC7=5H98 K=H< ( <MDCA9H<M@5H=CB CB D9F=79BHFCA9F=7 G5H9@@=H9 F9;=CBG. '5=@5B8 (  5B8 =:9M $   

(159)

(160)   %G DFCACH9 (. 8IF=B;<IA5B<9D5HC75F7=BC;9B9G=G *FC7(5H@758-7=/. .

(161) <5DH9F. -

(162)

(163) 

(164)

(165)

(166) . -C9>=A5 % . 5B; 1  5B8 ,C@@=BG   $  

(167)

(168)  . ( A9H<M@HF5BG:9F5G9 6 7CBHF=6IH9G HC CB7C;9B=7 HF5BG:CFA5H=CB =B8I798 6M -0

(169) . 5BH=;9B 5B8 57H=J5H98 ,5G )B7C;9B9 . -D=HG "  CIK9B69F;  5??9F   +  19=>9F %  5B8 /=HH9B6C;55FH   "  

(170)

(171)

(172)   #8 5B8 #8 =B<=6=H 89J9@CDA9BH C:  GH9A 79@@G =BHC DF989B8F=H=7 79@@ DF9  6IH BCH =BHC DF9   J=89B79 :CF 5 @MAD<C=8 CF=;=BC:DF9  $LD'98   . .5?985 -  <9B   3  19GH9F;5F8 .    =G<9F $  %  ,I69BG $    -5G5;5K5 -  %5B $  .  %CFGA9M9F -  $  <9B;   "  5B8 "G=9< $  $  

(173)

(174)   *FCH9C@MG=G C: '&& :5A=@M DFCH9=BG =G 9GG9BH=5@ :CF H5GD5G9 CF7<9GHF5H98 79@@ 7M7@9DFC;F9GG=CB !9B9G9J

(175)  

(176) . .M5;=- <569G & 1MGC7?5$ 5B8"9FF1 

(177)

(178)    57H=J5H=CBC:-D<5G9DFCACH9FGJ=55GGC7=5H=CBK=H<"  5B8 H<9 '&& :5A=@M C: <=GHCB9 "% A9H<M@HF5BG:9F5G9G  'C@9@@

(179)  . /BH9F69F;9F B8F9KG-  195J9F#  5B8-NM:'  

(180)

(181)   ( A9H<M@HF5BG:9F5G9  ?BC7?8CKB 57H=J5H9G 5 F9D@=75H=CBGHF9GG7<97?DC=BH 'C@9@@=C@ . 05N=F= -5L9B5- $9CB3 &99 'IF5H5% '57<=85 3 15;@9( "K5B; - 5B8IHH5 

(182)

(183)  D 89D9B89BH7<97?DC=BHD5H<K5MDF9J9BHGF9F9D@=75H=CB 'C@ 9@@ 

(184)

(185) . 2I !  &  9GHCF .  "  CIF7U<=G   "G=9<   &  .CAA9FID( I;;9' "I@H9B' +I2 ,IGGC$ $  5B8 0=9;5G *9EI=;BCH      <FCACGCA9 =BGH56=@=HM 5B8=AAIBC897=9B7MGMB8FCA975IG986MAIH5H=CBG=B5 (A9H<M@HF5BG:9F5G9;9B9 (5HIF9

(186)   . 49698994 5B8"5F5 

(187)

(188)  #8DFCH9=BG=B79@@7M7@9 7CBHFC@5B879@@I@5FG9B9G79B79 )B7C;9B9

(189)   .

(190)

(191).

(192)

(193)

(194)

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