Maps and sustainability : keynote : powerpoint

Maps and sustainability

Menno-Jan Kraak

• Introduction

• International Map Year • Maps & cartography

• Elasticity

• Maps and the Global Sustainability Goals • ICA initiative

• Sustainable maps • Conclusion

Maps and sustainability

Oxford dictionary of english:

Map

• a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc

Sustainability

• able to be maintained at a certain rate or level

• conserving an ecological balance by avoiding depletion of natural recourses

What about Maps and Sustainability

What about Maps and Sustainability

Sustainability

Cartography / Maps

The International Map Year [

mapyear.org

]

• maps tell stories • maps invite

• maps show patterns • maps reveal relationships • maps explain

• maps provide overview • maps offer insight

Maps

• A map is a visual representation of an environment

• Maps that matter should raise interest, be engaging, instantly

understandable, and be relevant to society

intern extern symbols map type real/ synthetic (non)tangible indoor / outdoor Google maps Beck's map Minard OSM Weather animation School atlas • Map innovations…….

Relevance

Cartography and maps

art using making technology science MAPS CARTOGRAPHY Process Tools

• ….the

art

About Cartography (tools)

Many ‘c

orrect’

design

option

s

But …… some off my nightmares

10,000 -<80,000 80,000-< 500,000

< 500,000

Population of Estonia’s provinces in 2012

Number of inhabitants 0 50 km b) 8 - 12 13 - 24 25 - 73 74 - 128 inhabitants per km2 0 50 km

Estonia’s population density in 2012

b) number of inhabitants 0 50 km Estonia’s population in 2012 < 10,000 10,000 -<80,000 80,000-< 500,000 > 500,000 c) danger safe 0 50 km Weather warning June 15, 2016 Color for absolute numbers

Color in choropleth ma

p Absolute numbers

in choropleth map Admin. areas fo

r continious phenome na data components invariant interval ratio (quantitative) ordered nominal (qualitative) RANGE LENGTH map title legend differentiation order distance proportion point line area text size value texture color orientation shape geo M A P MEASUREMENT LEVEL PERCEPTUAL _{PROPERTIES VARIABLES}VISUAL _SYMBOLSBASIC

• ….the art,

science

About Cartography (tools)

Bertin’s

Data A

nalysis

• ….the art, science, and

technology

About Cartography (tools)

Interne

t, Displ

• ….the art, science, and technology of

making

About Cartography (process)

update coastline

make

Profess

ionals &

Crowd

• ….the art, science, and technology of making and

using

About Cartography (process)

a to b = 50km use A B

Everyo

ne

Sustainability of the definition

CARTOGRAPHY art science technology making using MAPS

CARTOGRAPHY technology MAPS making science art using Data Visualizers InfoVis D3 Internet Professionals Designers GIScience LBS GPS Crowd CARTOGRAPHY technology MAPS making science art using

Societal needs and technological innovation

• Yesterday

• Carefully crafted ’authoritative’ products (cartographers) • Filling gaps to present the essence of the message • Today

• Participatory perspective (cartographers & mapmakers) • Big data

• Retrieve the essence and present interactively in multiple alternatives allowing the user to interact, change, and ultimately understand

• Should include data’s vital statistics: spatial extent, the range and variability of the attributes and time interval, as well as information about the (geographic) context

• It might consist of a set of linked maps and diagrams: dashboard?

Cartographic challenge: big data’s visual summaries

• What is big data?

Summary maps / Dashboard

1812 - Crossing the Berezina River

III & V Corps Polish

Lancers first river crossing II Corps

Imperial Guard old Napoleon

Imperial Guard young

I & IV Corps IX Corps

November 26 November 27 November 28

00:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Infantry Bridge Artillery Bridge 8350 4300 5945 2225 2475 13250 Time Number of troops a) November 27 - 13:00 b) A. II Corps B. III & V Corps C. Imperial Guard (old) D. Imperial Guard (young) E. I & IV Corps F. IX Corps A B C D E F 10000 18800 13200 11000 2200 5945 2400 9300 5400 3400 3100 4880 2200 5400 5500 8350 3000 7800 4900 1500 2200 7000 3000 2200

ChambrayWilson Fain Gourgaud

Size of the French army estimates by:

• The mission of the ICA is to promote the disciplines and professions of cartography and GIScience in an international context

• The mission of the ICA is to promote the disciplines and professions of Cartography and GIScience in an international context

International Cartographic Association

Durban Beijing Ottawa Stockholm Cologne Barcelona Rio de Janeiro Dresden Santiago Paris Moscow Coruna 03 Durban 01 Beijing 99 Ottawa 97 Stockholm 93 Cologne 95 Barcelona 15 Rio de Janeiro 13 Dresden 09 Santiago 11 Paris 07 Moscow 05 Coruna 62 Frankfurt am Main 64 London/Edinburgh 67 Amsterdam 68 Dehli 70 Stresa 72 Ottawa 74 Madrid 76 Moscow 78 College Park 80 Tokyo 82 Warszawa 84 Perth 87 Morelia 89 Budapest 91 Bournemouth 17 Washington 19 Tokyo Frankfurt am Main Edinburgh Amsterdam Dehli Stresa Madrid

College Park Tokyo

Warszawa Perth Morelia Budapest Bournemouth Washington ICA member

United Kingdom South AfricaRussiaAustraliaJapanHungaryPolandSwitzerlandSwedenCzechiaBelgiumGreeceAustriaBrazilDenmarkChileSpain ChinaCroatiaIndiaMexicoKenyaSlovenia United StatesGermanyFranceCanadaNetherlands

10 30 20 40

c) Number of chairs per country

Origin of Commission and Working Group chairs

South Africa Kenya Australia China Japan India Canada Mexico Brazil Chile United States Spain Germany Austria Switzerland Sweden Greece Russia Poland France Netherlands Hungary United Kingdom Croatia Slovenia Belgium

Czechia • Commissions are core to ICA’s

success

• Commissions follow their ToR to reach ICA’s objectives

• Commissions act globally • Commissions might execute

specific ICA tasks incorporated in their ToR

Sustainability? How? The Commissions

64 68 72 76 80 84 87 91 95 99 03 07 11 15 Commission Working Group

History Map Production Use Census Quality Standards Adv. Technology Atlasses Blind Education History Computer Ass. Satellite Gender Urban

Base map theme

Reg. Planning Marine Communication Census Map Production History Map Production Standards Quality Visualization Theory Updating Atlasses Blind Satellite Marine Map Production Standards Gender Visualization Theory Atlasses Blind Satellite Marine Generalization Mountain Planetary Internet Children Standards Gender Visualization Theory Atlasses Blind Satellite Marine Generalization Ubiqutous Updating Projections Heritage Use Standards Gender Visualization Theory Atlasses Blind Satellite Marine Generalization Ubiqutous Projections Society Analysis Heritage Use History Standards Visualization Theory Atlasses Blind Satellite Generalization Ubiqutous Projections Society Analysis Cognition Quality Neocartography Education Terminology Automation Education Terminology Automation Sustainability Education Terminology Automation Thematic Communication Technology Education Terminology Automation Communication Technology History Base Maps Nat. Recources Marine History Satellite Urban Marine Census Map Production Adv. Technology Blind Heritage Use Standards Visualization Atlasses Blind Sensors Generalization Ubiqutous Projections Analysis Art Early Warning Cognition LBS Sustainability Design Open source Toponomy Topo Mapping Education

Education Education Education Education Education Education Education

Map Production Map Production Map Production Map Production

History History History History

Satellite Mountain Planetary Internet Children Mountain Planetary Internet Children Mountain Planetary Internet Children Mountain Planetary Internet Children Art Early Warning Sustainability Design Open source

Marine Marine Marine

History Thematic Communication IGU Atlas IGU Atlas IGU Atlas Map Use ICA.FIG.ISP A IFLA IFLA Market Children Generalization Early Warning Art Open Data Toponomy UNGGIM IMY Open source Tourist Africa Crime Census 1964-1968 1968-1972 1972-1976 1976-1980 1980-1984 1984-1987 1987-1991 1991-1995 1995-1999 1999-2003 2003-2007 2007-2011 2011-2015 2015-2019 History Map Production Adv. Technology Blind Satellite Urban Census Education Marine Theory Atlasses Map Use IFLA Market Theory Marine ICA.FIG.ISP B ICA.FIG.ISP C Urban Census Gender Definitions Map Use Market Gender Theory Heritage Use Analysis Early Warning Hist. Colonial IMY Tech outreach Basic Manual Definitions

Base map theme

•

technology making

science

art using

Map Projections

Use, User and Usability Issues SDI & Standards

Map Design

Generalization & Multiple Reprs Art and Cartography

Cognitive Issues in GeoInfoVis Location Based Services GI for Sustainability Marine Cartography Open Source Geospatial Technology Topographic Mapping Map Production & Geoinfo Management Mountain Cartography

Planetary Cartography Cartography and _Children

Atlases

Education and Training Geospatial Analysis &

Modelling

Early Warning and Crisis Management Cartographic Heritage

into the digital Toponomy

Sensor-driven Mapping Maps and the Internet

Maps & Graphics for Blind

History of Cartography Visual Analytics

• How can maps be relevant for the global goals?

ICA’s International Map Year

How can maps be relevant for the global development goals?

• Goals

Example: Goal 4 Education

http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/education/ 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 • Targets 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.3.1 4.5.1 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.7.1 4.7.2 • Indicators

• 4.1By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

• 4.2By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education

• 4.3By 2030, ensure ……..

• …..

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/

6754Technical%20report%20of%20the%20UNSC%20Bureau%20(final).pdf

Goal 4: Education - Sample Targets

Goal 4: Education - Sample Indicators

• 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

• Indicator 4.1.1 Percentage of children who achieve minimum proficiency standards in reading and mathematics at end of: (i) primary (ii) lower secondary [BAA]

• Indicator 4.1.2 Completion rate (primary, lower secondary, upper secondary) [AAA]

• 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education

• Indicator 4.2.1 Early Childhood Development Index [BBB]

• Indicator 4.2.2 Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) [BAB]

Goal 4: Education - Getting the data

4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.3.1 4.5.1 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.7.1 4.7.2 Relevance

very some not

4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.3.1 4.5.1 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.7.1 4.7.2 Feasibility difficult doable easy 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.3.1 4.5.1 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.7.1 4.7.2 Suitability no supp consider support 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Target 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.3.1 4.5.1 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.7.1 4.7.2 Indicator

Goal 4: Education - Analyzing the data

Completion rate levels of education

Participation rate in organized learning Early Childhood Development Index

Enrollment ratios by level and type Participation rate among 25-65 years % of computer and information literate Parity indices (female/male, urban/rural, . % of proficient

Youth/adult literacy rate % of 15yrs proficiency of

environmental science and geoscience % of 13yrs promoting governance

Nominal Interval Ordinal Ratio

ICA and its Commissions and Working Groups

ojections

Art and Cartography Atlases

Cartographic Heritage into the digital Cartography and Childr

en

Early W arning and Crisis Management

Cognitive Issues in _GeoInfoVis Education and Training

Generalization & Multiple Reprs Geospatial Analysis &

Modelling History of Cartography Location Based Services Map Design Map Pr oduction & Geoinfo Management Visual Analytics Use, User and Usability

Issues Ubiquitous Mapping Ubiquitous Mapping Topographic Mapping Sensor-driven Mapping

SDI & Standards Planetary Cartography Open Sour ce Geospatial T echnology Mountain Cartography Marine Cartography Maps and the Inter

net Maps & Graphics for Blind

Planetary Cartography

Toponomy

Commissions and Goals

Visual Analytics Map Pr oduction & Geoinfo Management Map Design Location Based Services GI for Sustainability Geospatial Analysis &

Modelling Generalization &

Multiple Reprs _GeoInfoVCognitive Issues in

is Art and Cartography

Map Pr ojections Mountain Cartography Open Sour ce Geospatial T echnology Planetary Cartography SDI & Standar

ds Topographic Mapping Use, User and Usability

Issues Cartography and

Childr en

Commissions and Goals

Visual Analytics

Map Production & Geoinfo Management

Map Design

Location Based Services

GI for Sustainability Geospatial Analysis &

Modelling

Generalization & Multiple Reprs

Cognitive Issues in GeoInfoVis Art and Cartography

Map Projections Mountain Cartography Open Source Geospatial Technology

Planetary Cartography

SDI & Standards Topographic Mapping

Use, User and Usability Issues Cartography and

Children

• The sustainability goals and their targets can be mapped based on their indicators

• Seventeen Commission have mapped each of the sustainability goals. They have done this often as a multi-commission effort from their particular perspective

• The resulting poster collection created gives an overview of the strength of cartography. It shows how maps can give insight in the data.

• Obviously not all indicators are available as of today, so in some cases the maps are based on fictional or older data

Commissions and Goals

Poster Structure

TOP MIDDLE BOTTOM Target Indicator Commission Perspective Story Take home messa ge

Draft Posters

An example

Maps matter because…...

combin

e spatia

l statisti

cs

with vis

ualizati

on

_{the cho}

ice of a

map

projecti

ons ma

tters

• The map has become an interactive, mobile, dynamic and collaborative interface between a human, groups of people, and the dynamically evolving environment

• Cartography is ready for tomorrow. However, we have to remain innovative and open, so we can handle societal and technological change, without compromising on fundamental cartographic values.

Let’s make the world a better place with maps

Panel

• What will a map in 2025/2050 look/feel/sound/smell/… like ?

• Maps are visual representations…..that will remain because our visual capabilities allow us to quickly see patterns etc / others could be attribute of maps

• What do you see as the most promising research directions for future maps?

• We have to keep an eye on (tech)developments outside our domain, use what is relevant and update our theories. Lots happend in infovis, datavis, etc. They do many similar things.

• Our strength is combination of data + design + media (code, clarity , user) • Personal drive: mapping changes / time

• What to teach about maps – for map users and for map makers (being more and more not (only) cartographers but mainly ’map-mash-uppers’)?

• Cartographers ’versus’ mapmakers (being (geo)professionals and general public) > teach them design (from data to map) and how to recognize good or bad map

• Is a map still the best interface between a GIS and a human, as a way of understanding space?

• Should it be interface between GIS and Human? / it is between Human and Environment (discuss relation map and GIS) .

• The map has become an interactive, mobile, dynamic and collaborative interface between a human, groups of people, and the dynamically evolving environment (from presentation)

• Differences on the outlook on maps between academia and industry?

• Academia tries to improve the map: that is work on alternative representations, better design, integrated in applications etc in context of getting insight / sense making / support decisions

• Industry ’sell’ map the public wants / needs for and for all to make profit but to reach that goal they also do research to improve the their and customers workflow