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A role for glycosphingolipids in protein sorting
Sprong, H.
Publication date
2001
Link to publication
Citation for published version (APA):
Sprong, H. (2001). A role for glycosphingolipids in protein sorting.
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Glossary y
Detergent-resistantt membrane: (DRM) It is the remnant that exists after detergent-extraction
off membranes on ice. Independent methods are needed to establish to what extent DRMs reflectt structures in the membrane that existed before detergent addition.
Disaturatedd phospholipid: Phospholipid containing two saturated fatty chains.
Domain:: A domain in a membrane is a lateral area with a concentration of proteins and/or
lipidss that is different from its immediate environment. The word domain carries no informationn concerning its size relative to the total membrane area, whereas terms like microdomainn or raft suggest that they cover (far) less than half of the surface.
Endocyticc pathway: Macromolecules are taken up by invagination of the plasma membrane
(endocytosis).. At least five forms of endocytosis have been described. They first arrive in endosomes,, then late endosomes, and finally lysosomes, where they are degraded by hydrolases.. Recycling back from early endosomes to the plasma membrane also occurs.
Exoplasmicc leaflet: Lipid layer of a membrane bilayer that faces the extracellular space. Flippase:: Transmembrane translocator of lipids moving lipids from the cytosolic into the
non-cytosolicc leaflet of the membrane. The opposite would be a floppase.
Ganglioside:: Anionic glycosphingolipid that carries, in addition to other sugar residues, one or
moree sialic acid residues.
Glycolipid:: Membrane lipid containing at least one monosaccharide. Galactosyldiacylglycerol
iss a glycoglycerolipid, galactosylceramide a glycosphingolipid.
Lipidd asymmetry: A difference in lipid composition between the two bilayer leaflets.
Phospholipid:: Any lipid containing a phosphate. PC, PE etc. are glycerophospholipids, SM
andd sphingosine-1-phosphate are sphingophospholipids.
Raft:: A dynamic, lateral lipid assembly that is triggered by differential miscibility of
membranee lipids that acquire specific functions by concentrating or excluding specific membranee proteins.
Secretoryy pathway: Secretory or membrane proteins are inserted into the ER. They are then
transportedd through the Golgi to the TGN, where they are sorted to their final destination.
Sorting:: Two membrane components are sorted along a vesicular transport pathway when they
aree incorporated into separate budding vesicles with different target organelles. The first requirementt for sorting is lateral segregation into different areas of the donor membrane.
Sphingolipid:: Lipid containing a sphingoid base.
Vesiclee budding: The formation of a bud on the surface of an organelle, constriction of its
neck,, and fission into a separate membrane vesicle.
