H2 supply paths in Noord-Holland Noord

H2 supply paths in

Noord-Holland Noord

Juliana Montoya Cardona

H2 Production and

consumptions projections

Production Total (ton/y)

Exponential (Production Total (ton/y))

2020 2022 2025 2035 2050 - 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 Consumption (ton/y) Electricity LH

Hydrogen backbone in 2030 en in

2050

2020 2022 2035 2050 Fuel station ( tank)

H2 Producer

H2 Consumer / H2 fuel H2 Consumer/ low heat

Hydrogen supply pathways.

Pathways: transportation mode

Hydrogen supply pathways.

1. Compressed H

by truck

2. Liquefied H

by truck

3. Compressed H

by pipeline

4. H

by mixed pipeline and truck

Hydrogen supply pathways.

Compressed/lique fy H2 truck

Compressed H2 pipe

H2 Production H2 Supply H2 Consumers

Compressor liquefaction Small Storage Fuel Station

Hydrogen supply pathways.

Compressed/lique fy H2 truck

Compressed H2 pipe

H2 Production H2 Supply H2 Consumers

Compressor liquefaction Small Storage Fuel Station

Hydrogen supply pathways.

Compressed/lique fy H2 truck

Compressed H2 pipe

H2 Production H2 Supply H2 Consumers

Compressor liquefaction Small Storage Fuel Station

Hydrogen supply pathways.

Compressed/lique fy H2 truck

Compressed H2 pipe

H2 Production H2 Supply H2 Consumers

Compressor liquefaction Small Storage Fuel Station

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Comparison of techno-economic metrics for the three paths

Levelized cost (LC) (€/kgH2)

Energy required (%)

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

1. Supply-Demand balance

2. Spatial optimization under

min-cost flow

3. Comparison of techno-economic

metrics for the three paths

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Supply-Demand balance

Transport Sector

Refuelling Stations By Size Small Medium large Max. throughput

day (kg) 212 420 1000

Max. throughput

year (ton) 77.38 153.3 365

Demand Required refuelling stations

Year Transport _(Ton/y) Small Medium large _stationsTotal

2020 139 2 1 0 2

2022 523 5 2 1 7

2025 2036 26 13 6 22

2035 17372 224 113 48 135

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Assumption: Deficit cover byH2 from the offshore wind

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Spatial optimization under min-cost flow formulation

Nodes bound

1. Conservative node :

throughput capacity and flow demand.

2. Sources node : Production

capacity

3. Sink node: mass flow

demand

Nodes flow

Conservative node

Sources node

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Spatial optimization under min-cost flow formulation Truck flow

Compressed Gas Truck Liquefy Truck

Compression cost Liquefaction cost O&M of the truck O&M of the truck Cost transport useful load Cost transport useful load

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Spatial optimization under min-cost flow formulation Pipeline flow

Compressed Gas pipeline

Compression cost

O&M of the pipe

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Pipeline flow

Purple: 8 bar pressure

Green: 3 bar pressure Yellow: 100 mbar pressure

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Pipeline flow

Purple: 8 bar pressure

Green: 3 bar pressure Yellow: 100 mbar pressure

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Pipeline flow

Purple: 8 bar pressure

Green: 3 bar pressure Yellow: 100 mbar pressure

Orange/brown: 30 mbar pressure

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

The existing gas infrastructure cannot be use beside the transportation ( backbone) because:

Pipeline flow

Cannot easily separate the different type

of customers on the grids.

Even ‘isolated’ areas have small low-pressure

couplings with the neighbouring grids (for

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Flow considerations

1. Capacity transportation mode.

2. Distance between nodes.

3. Nodes connections via existing

infrastructure

only the backbone, other pipeline should

be new

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Location new H2 facilities in radio of 5, 10 or 20km from high consumer density region

Suitable region for new H2 facility H2 production from Wind

H2 demand for transport H2 demand for Heat H2 demand for electricity

H2 refueling station Example

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Shortest supply path under min-cost flow formulation. With a point to point supply.

Suitable region for new H2 facility H2 production from Wind

H2 demand for transport H2 demand for Heat H2 demand for electricity

H2 refueling station Example

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Shortest supply path under min-cost flow formulation. With a point to point supply.

Suitable region for new H2 facility H2 production from Wind

H2 demand for transport H2 demand for Heat H2 demand for electricity

H2 refueling station Example

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Shortest supply path under min-cost flow formulation. With a point to point supply.

Suitable region for new H2 facility H2 production from Wind

H2 demand for transport H2 demand for Heat H2 demand for electricity

H2 refueling station Example

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Shortest supply path under min-cost flow formulation. With a point to point supply.

Suitable region for new H2 facility H2 production from Wind

H2 demand for transport H2 demand for Heat H2 demand for electricity

H2 refueling station Example

Conclusion

• Three H2 supply path (delivery mode) will be used in this study, based on the relative competitiveness and existing Literature on H2 distribution

• The method used optimize both, node to node

supply flow and the location of new H2 facility

under min-cost flow

• Compared techno-economics metrics to select the suitable path

Further work

• Validation the demand and production scenarios • Spatial analysis of energy demand-supply density • Validation of techno-economic parameters of each

path for the NHN region

• Optimization for all the scenarios and the three paths

• Selections of the optimal and suitable path regarding the techno-economic metrics

Questions & Answers

Juliana Montoya Cardona

j.montoya.cardona@pl.hanze.nl

Further work

• Validation the demand and production scenarios

• Spatial analysis of energy demand-supply density

• Validation of techno-economic parameters of

each path for the NHN region

• Optimization for all the scenarios and the three

paths

• Selections of the optimal and suitable path

regarding the techno-economic metrics

Further work

• Validation the demand and production scenarios

• Spatial analysis of energy demand-supply density

• Validation of techno-economic parameters of

each path for the NHN region

• Optimization for all the scenarios and the three

paths

• Selections of the optimal and suitable path

regarding the techno-economic metrics

Further work

• Validation the demand and production scenarios

• Spatial analysis of energy demand-supply density

• Validation of techno-economic parameters of

each path for the NHN region

• Optimization for all the scenarios and the three

paths

• Selections of the optimal and suitable path

regarding the techno-economic metrics

Further work

• Validation the demand and production scenarios

• Spatial analysis of energy demand-supply density

• Validation of techno-economic parameters of

each path for the NHN region

• Optimization for all the scenarios and the three

paths

• Selections of the optimal and suitable path

regarding the techno-economic metrics

Further work

• Validation the demand and production scenarios

• Spatial analysis of energy demand-supply density

• Validation of techno-economic parameters of

each path for the NHN region

• Optimization for all the scenarios and the three

paths

• Selections of the optimal and suitable path

regarding the techno-economic metrics

Further work

• Validation the demand and production scenarios

• Spatial analysis of energy demand-supply density

• Validation of techno-economic parameters of

each path for the NHN region

• Optimization for all the scenarios and the three

paths

• Selections of the optimal and suitable path

regarding the techno-economic metrics

Questions & Answers

Juliana Montoya Cardona

j.montoya.cardona@pl.hanze.nl

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Techno-economic parameters

Fuelling Stations By Size

Small Medium large Max. throughput day

(kg) 212 420 1000

Max. throughput year

(ton) 77.38 153.3 365

Avg. investment per

stations (thousand €) 999 1460 2240

Fueling Station based on their supply

Pipeline C truck L truck Electricity consumption (kWh/kg) * 2 1.9 0.6 Hydrogen losses 0.5% 0.5% 3% Depreciation 10 O&M 5%

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Technico-economic parameters

Production plant storage

Pipeline C truck L truck Storage amount 50% daily _flow 50% daily _{flow daily flow}200% Storage cost (€/kg) 400 400 20-40

O&M 2%

H2

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

O&M 4% of capital Cost CRF 17% Energy usage (kWh/kg) 0.7-1 Losses 0.5% H2 liquefier Capacity 50 ton/day Scaling factor 0.6 Investment 105 million € Life time 20 years

O&M 8% of capital Cost CRF 17%

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Technico-economic parameters

Diesel tube trailer

200-250 bar0.5 ton ( ambient Temp.) Avg. Speed 50km/h Fuel economy 0.35 L/km Fuel price 1.4 €/L Utilization 2,000h/year Truck Investment 160,000 € Trailer & Cab 660,000 € Life time 10 years

O&M 5% of capital Cost CRF 17%

Loading time 1.5 h

Diesel Liquid trailer

1-4 bar4 ton ( ambient Temp.) Avg. Speed 50km/h

Fuel economy 0.35 L/km Fuel price 1.4 €/L

Utilization 2,000h/year Truck Investment 160,000 € Trailer & Cab 860,000 € Life time 10 years

O&M 5% of capital Cost CRF 17%

Optimal Hydrogen supply

path

Technico-economic parameters

To defined

Investment for new or upgraded pipeline in rural or urban area Life time ( depreciation)

CFR (Capital recovery cost) Capacity ( density ( kg/m3)) Size ( length & diameter) Avg. pressure and temp.

Reference case : 2020

Scenario

Zaandam

H2 Consumers

Node 7 2 H2 Boats Den Helder Pilot gebouw C H2 Heating

Node 8

Node 9 _{H2 Tourboat}

Broekerveiling

Node 10

20 Forklifts Den Helder

Reference case : 2020

Scenario

Reference case : 2020

Scenario

node_1 node_2 node_3 node_4 node_5 node_6 node_7 node_8 node_9 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Path flow Solution

2020 Production Capacity (ton/y) 2020 Demand (ton/y) Solution ton/y

H 2 ( to n /y ) Node 1 Zonnepark Kooihaven Node 2 _{H2 Windmill} Wieringermeer Node 3 Vergasser Boekelemeer Node 4

Node 5 Tankstation NXT _Alkmaar Node 6 Tankstation Hoogtij _Zaandam Node 7 2 H2 Boats Den Helder

Pilot gebouw C H2 Heating

Node 8

Node 9 H2 Tourboat Broekerveiling

Node 10 _{20 Forklifts Den Helder}

525 ton of H2 per year required

1226 ton of H2 per Production capacity

Reference case : 2020

Scenario

Reference case : 2020

Scenario