Cover Page
The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20303 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Author: Kallergi, Amalia
Title: Connecting the dots : playful interactions with scientific image data in repositories
Issue Date: 2012-12-18
Connecting the Dots
Playful Interactions with Scientific Image Data in Repositories
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van
de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden,
op gezag van Rector Magnificus Prof. Mr. P. F. van der Heijden, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties
te verdedigen op dinsdag 18 december 2012 klokke 13.45 uur
door
Amalia Kallergi
geboren te Thessaloniki, Griekenland, in 1979
PROMOTIECOMMISSIE
Promotor
Prof. dr. J.N. Kok
Copromotor
Dr. Ir. F.J. Verbeek
Overige Leden
Prof. dr. J. Kennedy Edinburgh Napier University Dr. M. Lamers Sciences, Leiden University Prof. dr. M. Notenborn Sciences, Leiden University Prof. dr. R. Zwijnenberg Humanities, Leiden University
This research was supported by the Cyttron project
Contents
Contents i
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction (of the introduction...) . . . . 1
1.2 On the use of images in (life) science . . . . 2
1.3 Why exploration? . . . . 6
1.3.1 On scientific creativity . . . . 6
1.3.2 On small discoveries and insights . . . . 8
1.3.3 Exploration as an open-ended information activity . . . 11
1.4 Why playful? . . . 14
1.4.1 Homo ludens: The fundamentals . . . 15
1.4.2 HCI ludens: Intersections and cross-pollinations . . . 18
1.5 Structure of the thesis . . . 23
2 The Cyttron Scientific Image Database for eXchange 25 2.1 Introduction . . . 27
2.2 Aims and scope of the Cyttron project . . . 28
2.3 Aims and scope of the CSIDx system . . . 30
2.3.1 Multi-modality . . . 30
2.3.2 Semantic image annotation . . . 32
2.4 The CSIDx system . . . 34
2.4.1 Data management in CSIDx . . . 34
2.4.2 The CSIDx web interface . . . 35
2.5 Visualization for interaction . . . 37
2.5.1 Visualization of ontologies . . . 38
2.5.2 Visualization of search results . . . 41
2.6 Conclusion . . . 43
i
CONTENTS
3 Playing with images 1: Game-like interaction 45
3.1 Introduction . . . 47
3.2 Motivation . . . 48
3.2.1 Games for data repositories . . . 48
3.2.2 Games out of data repositories . . . 49
3.3 Onto-Frogger: A game for and out of the CSIDx database . . . 51
3.3.1 The CSIDx database as a graph . . . 51
3.3.2 Game design phase . . . 51
3.3.3 Onto-Frogger, the game . . . 53
3.4 Meeting the requirements: Refining the interface of Onto-Frogger . . 55
3.5 Results . . . 58
3.5.1 User evaluation . . . 58
3.5.2 Impact . . . 59
3.6 Conclusion . . . 60
4 Play and exploration in image collections: A Flickr-based study 63 4.1 Introduction . . . 65
4.2 The games Flickrites play . . . 67
4.2.1 Collecting and examining groups . . . 67
4.2.2 Collecting and examining games . . . 69
4.3 Associative games . . . 73
4.4 Conclusion . . . 76
5 Playing with images 2: Storytelling as playful interaction 81 5.1 Introduction . . . 83
5.2 Motivation . . . 84
5.2.1 Of stories and storytelling: A few definitions . . . 84
5.2.2 Why stories? . . . 85
5.2.3 Related work . . . 87
5.3 Preliminary user studies . . . 88
5.3.1 Probing stories: Storytelling with image blocks . . . 88
5.3.2 Playtesting stories: Storytelling with a card game . . . 91
5.4 LABBOOK, the collaborative storytelling game . . . 94
5.4.1 Concept design . . . 95
5.4.2 The game . . . 96
5.5 Results . . . 98
5.5.1 User evaluation . . . 98
5.5.2 Impact . . . 100
5.6 Conclusion . . . 103
ii
CONTENTS
6 Conclusion/Discussion 105
6.1 Overview . . . 105
6.2 Summary of contributions per chapter . . . 106
6.3 In lieu of design guidelines . . . 108
6.3.1 Points of tension, points of attention . . . 108
6.3.2 Future challenges, future directions . . . 110
6.4 Wrapping it all up . . . 112
A Examples of Flickr groups per theme 113
B Playtesting stories: Cards 119
Bibliography 127
Summary 141
Samenvatting 145
Curriculum Vitae 149
Acknowledgements 151
List of publications 153
iii
CONTENTS
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