policies and practices on its development
Fenema, H.P. van
Citation
Fenema, H. P. van. (1999, September 30). The international trade in launch services : the
effects of U.S. laws, policies and practices on its development. H.P. van Fenema, Leiden.
Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/44957
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http://hdl.handle.net/1887/44957
holds various files of this Leiden University
dissertation.
Author: Fenema, H.P. van
Title: The international trade in launch services : the effects of U.S. laws, policies and
practices on its development
AADC . . . 25 Access controls . . . 206, 207 ACDA 109, 110, 122, 125, 138, 142, 145-147, 153, 155, 156, 163, 168, 171 Administration 5, 6, 37, 38, 41, 45, 47, 48, 53, 57, 70, 71, 93, 95, 101, 102, 112, 119, 120, 124-134, 140, 144, 145, 148, 151, 158-160, 165, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177, 184, 185, 189, 192, 194, 195, 197, 212, 213, 215, 217, 218, 219-226, 229, 230, 239, 242-244, 253, 254, 257, 258, 282, 283, 290, 297, 298-301, 303, 305-308, 316, 318-320, 327, 329-334, 336, 337, 340, 342, 345, 347, 349-354, 357, 360, 371, 373, 374, 379 AECA 110, 114, 117, 145, 146, 148, 159, 167, 173, 218, 221, 335, 359 Aerosat . . . 265 Aerospatiale . . . 4, 13, 85, 214, 308, 309, 345, 350 Afristar . . . 220, 221 Agena . . . 35, 37, 41 Agni . . . 157 AlA . . . 51, 335, 346, 349, 350 AlAA . . . 102, 211, 222, 328, 346 Air Force 7, 16, 17, 19, 23, 24, 35, 38, 41, 50, 53, 55, 66, 72, 73, 78, 79, 87, 90, 92, 96, 98, 101, 105, 162, 199, 296, 312, 313, 319
Baltic States . . . 133, 134
Bantam . . . 19
Beijing . . . 27, 183, 196, 198, 213, 219, 229, 336 Belgium 80, 109, 128, 138, 146, 214, 256, 259, 260, 263, 266, 267, 269 Big LEO systems . . . 237
Bikini list . . . 166 Blue Streak . . . 258, 259, 261 Boeing .. 4, 7, 9, 12, 15-17, 28, 38, 252, 253, 255, 256, 295, 296, 307, 312-314, 319, 340, 356, 357, 378 Brazil 3, 7, 9, 27, 143, 146, 152-154, 157, 174, 178-180, 322, 327, 371, 379 British Aerospace/Matra . . . 188 Broad band . . . 3, 4 Brussels . . . 20, 266, 346 Bulgaria . . . 115, 138, 146 bunching provision . . . 233, 234 Bureau of Export Administration (BXA) . . . 112, 119, 125, 172, 330 Buy European . . . 271, 275 BXA .. 5, 112, 119, 120, 125, 126, 129, 139, 168, 169, 172, 173, 330, 345, 347, 349, 350, 360 Cable & Wireless . . . 183, 187 Cambodia . . . 218
Canada 109, 125, 128, 138, 141, 146, 217, 244, 256, 258, 318, 340-342 Canadian Defence Industries Association (CDIA) . . . 341
Canary Islands . . . 25
Capacity limitation . . . 204
Cape Canaveral . . . 17, 23-25, 41, 72, 79, 203, 249, 255, 310 Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS) . . . 24
Cape York . . . 241, 242, 290, 298, 316, 356 Cape York Space Agency (CYSA) . . . 241
Cayman Islands . . . 252 CCAS . . . 24 CCF . . . 134 CCL . . . 112, 121-124, 139, 145, 168, 170, 173, 228 CDIA . . . 341 Centaur . . . 37, 70, 79, 189 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) . . . 81
Comparability factors . . . 235 Components . . 19, 44, 63, 112, 124, 140, 143, 144, 147-149, 153, 155, 156, 159, 169, 170, 174, 178, 179, 186, 191, 195, 202, 205, 213, 216, 218, 220-222, 230, 241, 243, 250, 294, 307-309, 338-340, 346, 350, 351, 368, 376 Computers .. 126, 129, 131, 140, 143, 165-168, 172, 217-219, 222, 330, 331, 367 Comsat . . . 39, 40, 43-45, 67, 248, 262, 273, 310, 313 COMSTAC . . . 2, 59, 63, 98, 211, 314 Condor . . . 152, 153, 157, 158 Conestoga . . . 53, 54, 164 Congress . 16-18, 20, 21, 27, 37, 47, 57, 60, 61, 66, 69, 77, 78, 80, 92, 95, 97, 103, 104, 105-107, 116, 117, 119, 127, 132, 133, 144-146, 148, 152, 154, 161, 165, 168, 171, 172, 174-176, 183-185, 187, 189, 190, 194-198, 212, 213, 215, 217, 221, 223, 229, 239-241, 243, 245, 273, 285, 290, 300, 301, 303, 306, 307-309, 316, 320, 327-329, 331, 333-337, 340, 343-345, 351-357, 359, 361, 371, 373, 379 Congressional Budget Office . . . 105 Controlled commodities . . . 121 Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by Space
281, 332, 339, 342, 360 Intelsat . 3, 10, 39, 40, 43-46, 70, 86, 87, 147, 220, 221, 232, 261, 262, 267, 271, 273, 303, 332, 359, 360, 362
International Astronautical Congress . . . 17
International Launch Services (ILS) . . . 12, 248 International Space Station . . . 17, 150, 244, 275, 338 International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) . . . 110, 338, 341 Iran .. 108, 109, 115, 116, 135-138, 153, 154, 156, 176, 177, 179, 184, 217, 220, 222, 230, 254, 331, 342 Iraq . 108, 109, 116, 125, 135, 136, 138, 143, 152, 153, 156, 157, 167, 342 IRBM . . . 35, 196 Ireland . . . 80, 109, 128, 137, 138, 146, 270 Iridium . . . 4, 5, 11, 14, 19, 236, 237, 246, 303, 305, 314 IRIS . . . 4, 257 IRS . . . 8, 241 Israel . 9, 11, 14, 126, 146, 152, 154, 156, 174, 176, 295, 317, 322-327, 338 ISRO . . . 8, 13, 22, 27, 148, 150-152, 356 Italy 25, 41, 80, 109, 128, 138, 141, 146, 156, 256, 259, 260, 263, 266, 267, 269 ITAR . . . 110-118, 120, 122, 124, 140, 159, 338, 339, 341, 342, 350 J-1 . . . 21, 27 J ackson-Vanik . . . 217 Japan .. 7-9, 11, 21, 27-29, 90, 109, 118, 125, 126, 128, 136, 138, 141, 146, 154, 155, 156, 183, 200, 244, 292, 300, 309, 315, 322-327, 338, 344, 345, 347, 348, 350, 357, 358, 369, 379 JEA . . . 74 Jiuquan . . . 27 John Glenn . . . 147 Juno 1 . . . 37 Jupiter . . . 35, 36 K-1 . . . 18, 19, 24, 28 Kampuchea . . . 115 Kansu . . . 27 Kantor . . . 239 Kazakhstan . . . 14, 26, 243, 250-252 Kennedy . . . 24, 42, 47, 80, 87, 147 Kennedy Space Centre . . . 24
Kenya . . . 25
Khrunichev . . . 12-14, 22, 150, 163, 246, 247 Kick-motors . . . 124
Kistler . . . 18, 24, 28, 314, 315 Kodiak Launch Complex . . . 24
306, 308, 314, 318, 319, 323, 326, 331, 344, 354, 358, 361, 373 Russian Federation . . . 138, 153, 164, 245, 280, 287 Salyut . . . 149, 150
Samara Space Centre . . . 13
San Marco . . . 25, 41 Sanctions 80, 81, 123, 126, 127, 144-146, 148-152, 169, 177, 178, 180, 210, 212, 213, 214-216, 218-226, 228-230, 239, 307, 308, 329-333, 335, 337, 347, 349, 350, 351-354, 358-360, 367, 368, 371, 375 Satellite debris recovery site . . . 207
Satellite Industry Association (SIA) . . . 334
Satellite manufacturers 4, 15, 28, 32, 59, 78, 87, 90, 103, 165, 169, 188, 205, 211, 228, 230, 231, 233, 239, 249, 255, 301, 303, 305, 307, 310, 312, 313, 319, 329, 336, 342, 345, 347, 350, 354, 355, 358, 359, 368, 371 Satellite manufacturing industry . . 5, 107, 170, 308, 333, 342, 346, 356 Satellite operators . . . 118, 280, 303-305, 307, 311 Saturn . . . 37, 38, 47, 48 Scout . . . 25, 37, 38, 41, 51, 257, 258 Sea Launch 10, 12, 25, 30, 250, 252-255, 295, 296, 314, 316, 340, 356, 378 Secretary of State . 45, 86, 88, 108, 110, 116, 125, 158, 197, 217, 219, 220, 223, 230, 242, 254, 351 Security Council . . . 113, 115, 224 security exception . . . 324 Security exemptions . . . 324 SEI . . . 240 SELVS . . . 14 Senate . 5, 64, 70-72, 101, 103, 108, 127, 147, 162, 169-171, 195, 197, 213, 221, 295, 315, 328, 329, 335, 337, 353, 372 Senate Amendments Report . . . 101
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation . . . 64, 101 Senate Intelligence Committee . . . 337
SES. . . 342
Shavit . . . 9, 14, 29, 31, 154, 295, 318 Shtil . . . 10
TTCP . . . 338 Tubsat . . . 10, 375 Turkey . . . 128, 138, 146, 153 U.K. . . 109, 128, 141, 146, 183, 263, 277, 294 U. S. Launch Strategy . . . 88 U.S.S.R. . . 133, 242 Uitvoerbesluit Strategische Goederen . . . 128, 139 Ukraine 9-12, 14, 28, 138, 147, 163, 164, 249, 251-256, 288, 308, 319, 323, 326, 354, 361' 373 ULV . . . 94 UNCOPUOS . . . 67, 68, 164 Unfair competition . . . 159, 190, 242, 286, 297 Unfair pricing . . . 192, 201, 255 UNGA . . . 153, 164, 363 United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
Warsaw Pact . . . 111, 128, 130, 131, 159, 193 Wassenaar Arrangement . . 110, 127, 137-140, 169, 348, 349, 375, 376 Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) . . . 374 Wernher von Braun . . . 35, 37 Western European Union (WEU) . . . 281 WEU . . . 281, 282 White House . . 46, 49, 50, 52, 92, 133, 134, 136, 147, 153, 155, 160, 161, 163, 175, 176, 178, 218, 219, 221, 240, 241, 319, 334, 337 White Sands Missile Range . . . 24, 25 WMD . . . 122, 140, 142, 153, 173, 176, 178, 351, 360, 374, 375 Woomera . . . 18, 28, 259, 260, 262 Working Group on Information . . . 210, 245 World Trade Organization (WTO) . . . 320 World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) . . . 379 WTO . . . 289, 320-326, 364, 371-373, 377 WTO Agreement on Basic Telecommunications Services (WTO Basic
