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Imaging the structure and the movement of the retina with scanning light
ophthalmoscopy
Vienola, K.V.
2018
document version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
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citation for published version (APA)
Vienola, K. V. (2018). Imaging the structure and the movement of the retina with scanning light ophthalmoscopy.
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Contents
1 General introduction . . . . 1
1.1 Human eye . . . 2
1.1.1 Anatomy of the human eye . . . 2
1.1.2 Retina . . . 3
1.1.3 Diseases of the eye . . . 4
1.2 Fixational eye movement. . . 5
1.3 Visualizing the retina . . . 8
1.3.1 Fundus photography . . . 9
1.3.2 Slit lamp . . . 10
1.3.3 Scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) . . . 10
1.3.4 Optical coherence tomography (OCT) . . . 11
1.4 Thesis aim and outline . . . 12
2 The principles of scanning-based retinal imaging and eye motion detection 19 2.1 Scanning light ophthalmoscopy . . . 20
2.1.1 Line scanning. . . 22
2.1.2 Adaptive optics. . . 23
2.2 Optical coherence tomography . . . 24
2.2.1 Swept-source OCT . . . 26
2.3 Digital micro-mirror device . . . 27
2.4 Detecting motion from SLO images . . . 28
2.4.1 Cross-correlation method for motion detection . . . 29
2.5 Laser safety in ocular imaging . . . 30
2.5.1 Laser safety using ANSI standard 2007 . . . 30
2.5.2 Laser safety using IEC 2014 . . . 31
3 Real-time eye motion compensation for OCT imaging with tracking SLO 37 3.1 Introduction . . . 38
3.2 Experimental system. . . 39
3.2.1 Optical setup . . . 39
3.2.2 Image stabilization . . . 41
3.2.3 Ethical considerations . . . 42
3.3 Tracking performance analysis . . . 42
3.3.1 Scaling of the correction signals . . . 44
3.4 Imaging . . . 45
3.4.1 Performance of the TOCT imaging in the model eye . . . 45
3.4.2 Performance of the TOCT imaging in a real eye . . . 46
3.5 Discussion . . . 52
3.6 Conclusion . . . 53
4 Parallel line scanning ophthalmoscope for retinal imaging . . . . 59
4.1 Introduction . . . 60
4.2 Materials & Methods . . . 60
4.3 Results . . . 62
4.3.1 Lateral resolution . . . 62
4.3.2 Describing the SNR . . . 63
4.3.3 In vivo imaging of the human retina . . . 66
4.3.4 In vivo imaging with the 2nd generation system . . . 68
4.4 Discussion . . . 69
4.5 Conclusion . . . 69
4.6 Acknowledgements . . . 70
5 In vivo retinal imaging for fixational eye motion detection using a high-speed DMD-based ophthalmoscope . . . . 73
5.1 Introduction . . . 74
5.2 Experimental system. . . 75
5.2.1 Image acquisition . . . 75
5.2.2 Motion detection using normalized cross-correlation . . . 76
5.2.3 Model eye . . . 77
5.2.4 Measurement protocol for in vivo measurements . . . 78
5.3 System performance (results) . . . 79
5.3.1 Model eye performance . . . 79
5.3.2 In vivo eye measurements . . . 81
5.4 Discussion . . . 84
5.5 Conclusion . . . 85
6 General discussion and outlook . . . . 91
6.1 Field-programmable gate arrays for data acquisition and processing . . . 92
6.2 The effect of latency to tracking bandwidth . . . 93
6.3 Accuracy in image-based motion detection . . . 94
6.4 New opportunities for real-time eye tracking . . . 95
6.5 Thesis conclusion . . . 96
7 Summary . . . 101
8 Curriculum Vitae . . . 105
9 Publication list . . . 107
