University of Groningen
Towards conjugated polymers with low exciton binding energy
Zhou, Difei
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Publication date: 2018
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Citation for published version (APA):
Zhou, D. (2018). Towards conjugated polymers with low exciton binding energy. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
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Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to polymer solar cells ... 1
1.1 Solar energy harnessing ... 2
1.2 Introduction to polymer solar cells ... 3
1.2.1 Operating principle ... 4
1.2.2 Excitons and exciton-binding energies ... 6
1.3 Conjugated polymers ... 9
1.3.1 One-dimensional conjugated polymers ... 9
1.3.2 Two-dimensional conjugated polymers ... 11
1.3.3 Polymer quality as an important theme... 13
1.3.4 Polymers towards low exciton-binding energy ... 15
1.4 Thesis outline... 18
1.5 References ... 20
Chapter 2 High-quality conjugated polymers via one-pot Suzuki-Miyaura homopolymerization* ... 25
2.1 Introduction ... 26
2.2 Results and discussion ... 27
2.2.1 Synthesis of polymers ... 27 2.2.2 Optoelectronic properties ... 31 2.2.3 Mass spectrometry ... 34 2.2.4 Photovoltaic characterizations ... 36 2.3 Conclusions ... 39 2.4 Experimental ... 40 2.5 References ... 43
Chapter 3 Theoretical evaluation of the influence of donor-acceptor cross-conjugation on the exciton binding energy of conjugated polymers ... 45
3.1 Introduction ... 46
3.1.1 Motivation ... 46
3.1.2 Two-Dimensional donor-acceptor conjugated polymers ... 47
3.2 Structural design... 49
3.3 Quantum chemical calculations ... 50
3.4 Results and discussion ... 52
3.4.2 On the polarizabilities ... 57
3.4.3 On the exciton binding energies ... 58
3.5 Conclusions ... 60
3.6 References ... 61
Chapter 4 Synthesis of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-based 2-D conjugated polymers featuring a donor backbone and pendant acceptor groups ... 63
4.1 Introduction ... 64
4.2 Synthesis ... 65
4.2.1 Monomer synthesis ... 65
4.2.2 Synthesis of 2-D conjugated polymers ... 67
4.3 Discussion ... 73
4.4 Conclusions ... 74
4.5 Experimental ... 75
4.6 References ... 82
Chapter 5 On the influence of donor-acceptor cross conjugation of conjugated polymers upon charge generation in polymer photovoltaics* ... 83
5.1 Introduction ... 84
5.2 Results and discussion ... 85
5.3 Conclusions ... 94
5.4 Experimental ... 95
5.5 References ... 96
Chapter 6 Outlook ... 99
6.1 On the search for the exciton binding energy-structure relationship of conjugated polymers . 99 6.2 References ... 102
Summary ... 103
Samenvatting... 107
