distribution and flowering patterns (flowering durations and flowering midpoint)
indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, shifts in flowering patterns are in the direction consistent with
past climatic change; shifts in flowering midpoint are from the summer towards the spring,
and shifts in flowering duration are reductions in the number of months of flowering. Where
nodes optimised at different states are separated by nodes in which the ancestral state is
undetermined, we have marked on the basal-most possible location of the shift.
Bruniaceae (1 Cape clade): Tree 1
Cyperaceae (Ficinia & Tetraria): Tree 2
Disa (1 Cape clade): Tree 3
Ehrharta (1 Cape clade): Tree 4
Genistoids (Crotalarieae & Podalyrieae): Tree 5
Heliophila: Tree 6
Indigofera: Tree 7
Moraea: Tree 8
Muraltia: Tree 9
Oxalis: Tree 10
Pelargonium: Tree 11
Pentaschistis: Tree 12
Phylica: Tree 13
Restionaceae: Tree 14
Satyrium: Tree 15
Zygophyllum: Tree 16
Tree 1: Bruniaceae
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
(No significant changes)
Flowering Duration
(No significant changes)
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Cape
clade
100
100
100
100
100
97
73
99
96
59
83
100
99
97
58
69
100
100
69
100
80
54
85 85
67
67
53
100
100
71
79
90
98
62
63
99
81
98
98
100
100
65
92
92
74
93
90
100
99
Sampling of Cape species: 85%
Bootstrap values:
Tree 2: Cyperaceae
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
(No significant changes)
Flowering Duration
(No significant changes)
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Ficinia
Tetraria
Tetraria
95
92
79
100
94
68
61
Sampling of Cape species
Ficinia: 21%
Tetraria: 19%
Tree 3: Disa
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
Flowering Duration
(No significant changes)
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95
100
100
100
91
90
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
84
100
100
52
78
100
78
100
100
100
100
56
95
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
83
91
79
100
100
100
99
57
62
100
100
100
100
68
100
100
64
97
100
100
96
100
100
100
100
100
91
100
99
79
81
93
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93
100
Sampling of Cape species: 82%
Support values:
Tree 4: Ehrharta
- there are no significant changes
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
Flowering Duration
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Non-Cape relatives
Cape clade
60
75
79
74
100
95
83
97
71
100
95
89
100
77
Sampling of Cape species: 100%
Tree 5: Genistoids
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
(Note the hollow triangle
is in the opposite
direction to that predicted
under climate change)
Flowering Duration
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Podalyrieae
Crotalarieae
100100 55 70 89 75 81 54 82 56 93 95 91 100 65 99 72 60 92 82 96 52 76 69 83 96 97 51 83 51 55 93 71 62 74 61 82 87 92 97 94 8761 93 63 61Sampling of Cape species:
Crotalarieae: 43%
Podalyrieae: 15%
Tree 6: Heliophila
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
Flowering Duration
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Cape
Clade
100
100
100
100
87
100
90
100
97
97
100
86
100
62
100
68
53
100
100
79
89
100
100
60
87
100
80
61
98
96
88
68
73
97
100
58
81
95
100
Sampling of Cape species: 65%
Support values: Bayesian posterior
probabilities
Tree 7: Indigofera
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
(No significant change)
Flowering Duration
(No significant change)
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Cape
clade
Non-Cape relatives
100
97
100
100
100
100
100
Sampling of Cape species: 20%
Support values: Bayesian posterior
probabilities
Tree 7: Indigofera
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
(No significant change)
Flowering Duration
(No significant change)
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Cape
clade
Non-Cape relatives
100
97
100
100
100
100
100
Sampling of Cape species: 20%
Support values: Bayesian posterior
probabilities
Tree 8: Moraea
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
(No significant change)
Flowering Duration
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Cape
Clade
100
89
88
84
55
67
65
57
100
100
100
78
100
82
67
100
92
54
74
86
89
86
100
55
83
93
89
89
93
72
95
91
53
73
53
Sampling of Cape species: 39%
Tree 9: Muraltia
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
Flowering Duration
(No significant change)
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
100
83
98
99
56
56
55
84
96
100
100
73
100
100
96
86
97
100
100
59
100
88
100
65
98
99
63
54
54
92
95
84
70
60
97
77
68
60
59
55
53
96
57
60
64
63
85
100
60
60
Sampling of Cape species: 64%
Tree 10: Oxalis
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint time
(Note that the hollow blue
triangle represents a shift
from late-autumn towards
the winter)
Flowering Duration
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Non-Cape relatives
Cape
clade
64
100
61
100
79
59
100
89
93
57
64
69
100
88
75
100
94
83
91
51
100
96
100
99
96
62
54
60
98
86
97
77
100
100
90
88
95
100
91
75
79
52
100
85
81
81
88
85
82
73
62
93
62
60
100
100
99
97
96
97
77
100
57
88
59
60
87
75
75
85
100
78
61
99
100
100
78
91
100
98
Sampling of Cape species: 78%
Tree 11: Pelargonium
- no significant changes
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
Flowering Duration
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Cape clade
Non-Cape relatives
90
87
77
84 67
87
86
69
64
90
91
66
69
92
58
61
56
82
54
81
57
67
Sampling of Cape species: 53%
Tree 12: Pentaschistis
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
(No significant changes)
Flowering Duration
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Cape clade
89
100
65
100
89
100
100
96
96
100
100
92
86
78
96
100
100
100
63
77
100
100
100
63
100
98
62
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
94
100
100
100
100
100
96
83
100
72
100
98
71
99
100
100
100
83
100
77
100
100
100
98
100
98
100
100
100
100
100
55
100
Sampling of Cape species: 96%
Support values:
Tree 13: Phylica
Character Changes
Flowering Midpoint Time
(No significant change)
Flowering Duration
Distributional Changes
Entering West Cape
Leaving West Cape
Entering East Cape
Leaving East Cape
Non-Cape relatives
Cape clade
100
78
71
73
100
64
87
95
64
86
100
98
87
Sampling of Cape species: 10%
Baloskion tetraphyllum Sporodanthus tasmanicus Anthochortus crinalis Anthochortus graminifolius Anthochortus singularis Cannomois arenicola Cannomois dolichocaryon Cannomois parviflora Cannomois saundersii Cannomois schlechteri Cannomois scirpoides Ceratocaryum argenteum Ceratocaryum caespitosum Ceratocaryum fimbriatum Ceratocaryum fistulosum Ceratocaryum pulchrum Ceratocaryum xerophilum Hypodiscus aristatus Hypodiscus montanus Hypodiscus squamosus Mastersiella purpurea Mastersiella spathulata Nevillea obtusissima Willdenowia arescens Willdenowia glomerata
Askidiosperma albo aristata Askidiosperma alticolum Askidiosperma andreaeanum Askidiosperma capitatum Askidiosperma chartaceum Askidiosperma delicatulum Askidiosperma esterhuyseniae Askidiosperma insigne Askidiosperma longiflorum Askidiosperma nitidum Askidiosperma paniculatum Askidiosperma rugosum Calopsis adpressa Calopsis andreaeana Calopsis aspera Calopsis burchellii Calopsis clandestina Calopsis dura Calopsis esterhuyseniae Calopsis filiformis Calopsis fruticosa Calopsis gracilis Calopsis hyalina Calopsis impolita Calopsis levynsiae Calopsis marlothii Calopsis membranacea Calopsis monostylis Calopsis muirii Calopsis nudiflora Calopsis paniculata Calopsis pulchra Calopsis rigida Calopsis rigorata Calopsis sparsa Calopsis viminea Chondropetalum acockii Chondropetalum aggregatum Chondropetalum decipiens Chondropetalum deustum Chondropetalum ebracteatum Chondropetalum elephantinum Chondropetalum hookerianum Chondropetalum marlothii Chondropetalum microcarpum Chondropetalum mucronatum Chondropetalum nudum Chondropetalum rectum Chondropetalum tectorum Dovea macrocarpa Elegia altigena Elegia amoena Elegia asperiflora Elegia atratiflora Elegia caespitosa Elegia capensis Elegia coleura Elegia cuspidata Elegia equisetacea Elegia esterhuyseniae Elegia extensa Elegia fastigiata Elegia fenestrata Elegia filacea Elegia fistulosa Elegia fucata Elegia galpinii Elegia glomerata Elegia grandis Elegia grandispicata Elegia hutchinsonii Elegia intermedia Elegia juncea Elegia muirii Elegia neesii Elegia persistens Elegia prominens Elegia racemosa Elegia rigida Elegia spathacea Elegia squamosa Elegia stipularis Elegia stokoei Elegia thyrsifera Elegia thyrsoidea Elegia vaginulata Elegia verreauxii Ischyrolepis affinis Ischyrolepis anomala Ischyrolepis arida Ischyrolepis caespitosa Ischyrolepis capensis Ischyrolepis cincinnata Ischyrolepis coactilis Ischyrolepis constipata Ischyrolepis curvibracteata Ischyrolepis curviramis Ischyrolepis duthieae Ischyrolepis eleocharis Ischyrolepis elsieae Ischyrolepis esterhuyseniae Ischyrolepis feminea Ischyrolepis fraterna Ischyrolepis fuscidula Ischyrolepis gossypina Ischyrolepis helenae Ischyrolepis hystrix Ischyrolepis karooica Ischyrolepis laniger Ischyrolepis leptoclados Ischyrolepis longiaristata Ischyrolepis macer Ischyrolepis marlothii Ischyrolepis monanthos Ischyrolepis nana Ischyrolepis ocreata Ischyrolepis paludosa Ischyrolepis papillosa Ischyrolepis parthenocarpos Ischyrolepis pratensis Ischyrolepis pygmaea Ischyrolepis rivula Ischyrolepis rottboellioides Ischyrolepis sabulosa Ischyrolepis saxatilis Ischyrolepis schoenoides Ischyrolepis setiger Ischyrolepis sieberi Ischyrolepis sporadica Ischyrolepis subverticellata Ischyrolepis tenuis Ischyrolepis tenuissima Ischyrolepis triflora Ischyrolepis vilis Ischyrolepis virgea Ischyrolepis wallichii Ischyrolepis wittebergensis Platycaulos acutus Platycaulos anceps Platycaulos callistachyus Platycaulos cascadensis Platycaulos compressus Platycaulos depauperatus Platycaulos major Platycaulos subcompressus Restio acockii Restio alticola Restio ambiguus Restio arcuatus Restio aureolus Restio bifarius Restio bifidus Restio bifurcus Restio bolusii Restio brachiatus Restio brunneus Restio burchellii Restio capillaris Restio colliculospermus Restio communis Restio confusus Restio corneolus Restio cymosus Restio debilis Restio decipiens Restio degenerans Restio dispar Restio distans Restio distichus
Restio dodii var dodii Restio dodii var purpurascens Restio echinatus Restio egregius Restio ejuncidus Restio festuciformis Restio filiformis Restio fragilis Restio fusiformis Restio galpinii Restio harveyi Restio implicatus Restio inconspicuus Restio ingens Restio insignis Restio inveteratus Restio involutus Restio leptostachyus Restio mahonii ssp humbertii
Restio mahonii ssp mahonii
Restio micans Restio miser Restio mlanjiensis Restio montanus Restio multiflorus Restio nodosus Restio nuwebergensis Restio obscurus Restio occultus Restio pachystachyus Restio paludicola Restio papyraceus Restio patens Restio peculiaris Restio pedicellatus Restio perplexus Restio perseverans Restio pillansii Restio praeacutus Restio pulvinatus Restio pumilis Restio purpurascens Restio quadratus Restio quartziticola Restio quinquefarius Restio rarus Restio rupicola Restio saroclados Restio scaber Restio scaberulus Restio secundus Restio sejunctus Restio similis Re sp affp Restio singularis Restio stereocaulis Restio stokoei Restio strictus Restio strobilifer Restio subtilis Restio tetragonus Restio triticeus Restio tuberculatus
Restio vallis simius Restio verrucosus Restio versatilis Restio zuluensis Restio zwartbergensis Rhodocoma alpina Rhodocoma arida Rhodocoma capensis Rhodocoma foliosa Rhodocoma fruticosa Rhodocoma gigantea Rhodocoma gracilis Rhodocoma vleibergensis Staberoha aemula Staberoha banksii Staberoha cernua Staberoha distachyos Staberoha multispicula Staberoha ornata Staberoha remota Staberoha stokoei Staberoha vaginata Thamnochortus acuminatus Thamnochortus amoena Thamnochortus arenarius Thamnochortus bachmannii Thamnochortus cinereus Thamnochortus dumosus Thamnochortus ellipticus Thamnochortus erectus Thamnochortus fraternus Thamnochortus fruticosus Thamnochortus glaber Thamnochortus gracilis Thamnochortus guthrieae Thamnochortus insignis Thamnochortus karooica Thamnochortus levynsiae Thamnochortus lucens Thamnochortus muirii Thamnochortus nutans Thamnochortus obtusus Thamnochortus paniculatus Thamnochortus papyraceus Thamnochortus pellucidus Thamnochortus platypteris Thamnochortus pluristachyus Thamnochortus pulcher Thamnochortus punctatus Thamnochortus rigidus Thamnochortus schlechteri Thamnochortus spicigerus Thamnochortus sporadicus Thamnochortus stokoei 100 58 39 63 46 100 86 61 24 98 78 92 59 55 100 98 100 100 100 100 3 100 66 98 65 69 80 80 52 55 90 69 45 2 24 10 86 32 26 69 19 11 29 36 22 58 61 64 17 0 24 88 53 58 43 32 69 84 52 65 74 100 99 66 42 65 20 54 23 100 33 65 11 21 52 58 15 44 46 33 36 48 32 37 39 24 19 15 3 3 3 11 66 92 76 40 48 57 89 87 86 55 28 13 24 90 36 83 89 57 53 65 49 82 92 100 72 100 100 100 52 81 78 47 28 67 62 38 85 97 31 30 93 27 12 29 49 93 17 4 37 95 12 23 18 19 29 9 17 73 26 19 26 10 2 8 3 15 7 1 25 75 100 66 100 68 73 98 54 97 17 12 13 8 4 75 86 97 48 38 22 45 67 96 94 43 65 65 78 97 79 84 89 24 19 45 65 86 99 51 33 34 92 54 92 97 100 100 86 58 99 100 97 100 49 73 100 39 49 89 23 36 36 81 68 100 92 81 28 43 76 79 43 66 99 99 35 30 39 62 21 48 80 32 25 98 81 99 94 60 37 94 94 53 43 63 100 100 56 17 19 16 28 54 100 100 66 100 87 81 46 73 74 100 69 87 70 31 11 0 87 94 95 99 100 99 74 71 100 100 78 100 100 95 93 72 61 100 43 39 79 57 83 74 97 100 100
