Conference Contributions

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Bibliography

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Appendix A

Conference Contributions

• J. G. J. Krige, M. J. Grobler and H. Marais “A Test-bed Implementation of Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocols, Southern African Telecommu- nications and Networks Access Conference (SATNAC), George, South Africa, Sept.

2012.

• J. G. J. Krige, M. J. Grobler and H. Marais “A Novel Energy Consumption As- certaining Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocol Test-bed, Southern African Telecommunications and Networks Access Conference (SATNAC), Stellenbosch, South Africa, Sept. 2013.

• J. G. J. Krige, M. J. Grobler and H. Marais “A Novel Wireless Sensor Network Test-bed Sensor Node, IEEE Africon, Port Louis, Mauritius, Sept. 2013.

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Appendix B

Sensor Node Design Schematics

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1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

DD CC BB AA

Title

NumberRevisionSize

A4

Date:12/11/2013Sheet ofFile:C:\Users\..\Charger_&_Power_Supply.SchDocDrawn By: D2LED0

PG7 VBAT 9VDD 1

VSS5 THERM8STAT13

STAT2 4PROG 6 VBAT 10

VDD 2 U1

MCP73833-AMI/UN GND1 VOUT 2VIN 3 U2MCP1700 - 3.0 V1100mAhBattery470 R1R1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

11 10

J1D Connector 9 VIN

4.7K R5Rprog D3

LED1D4

LED2 470 R2R2

470 R3R3 GND 4.7uF C1Cap

GND 4.7uF C2Cap1uF C3Cap

1uF C4Cap VDD 3.0 V 10K R4Res3

GND

10 K R7Rt2

Rprog = 1K

Charge current = 1A 470 R6Rt1

10 K R8NTC 2 31 S1

SW-SPDT VBAT+

Charger & Power Supply

J.G.J. Krige Rprog = 4.7K

Charge current = 212.77mA The temperature control circuit is available on the PCB, however it is not implemented.

R6 is shorted and the NTC is not connected. S1b

S1b S1c

S1l

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1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

D C B A

Title

NumberRevisionSize

A4

Date:07/10/2013Sheet ofFile:C:\Users\..\Analog_Front_End.SchDocDrawn By: 5.1 K 1% R13

Res2

1 K 1% R14Res25.1:1 ratio for voltage divider

Voltage channel 540mV - MAX 68nF C7Cap

33nF C10Cap 33nF C9Cap

1 2

Y14 MHZ 35pF C5Cap

35pF C6

Cap RESET#1

DVDD2 AVDD3 CH0+ 4

CH0-5

CH1-6 CH1+7 AGND8

REFin+/out9 REFin-10 DGND 11

MDAT112

MDAT013 DR# 14

OSC1/CLKI15

OSC216 CS# 17SCK18 SDO19

SDI20 U?

MCP3911 1K R9Res2

1K R11

Res2

68nF C8Cap

GND GND

300mA - 50ohm L1FERRITE BEAD

GND GND GNDGND 100nF C12Cap

100nF C13Cap GND

GND VDD 3.3 VPIC - SDI PIC - SDO PIC I/O

PIC - SCLK

PIC I/O reset

100nF C11Cap

GND GND

VDD 3.3 V 300 m 1% R10Res2 VDD 3.3 VSYSTEM LOAD

CH 1 - RANGE +-0.6V @ 0 GAIN 300mA - 150ohm L2FERRITE BEAD 1 K 1% R12Res2 @ 0.25 A CH 0 input = 0.075V

CH 0 - RANGE +-0.075V @ 8 GAIN @ 0.175 A CH 0 input = 0.075V for 430 mOhm

for 300 mOhm

GND PIC - DR

AVDD

AVDDVDD 3.3 V 10uF C14Cap

Analog Front End

J.G.J. Krige SN AFE

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1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

DD CC BB AA

Title

NumberRevisionSize

A4

Date:07/10/2013Sheet ofFile:C:\Users\..\SN_Main.SchDocDrawn By: PMD5/RE5 1 PMD6/RE62

PMD7/RE7 3PMA5/SCK2/CN8/RG6 4 PMA4/SDI2/CN9/RG7 5

PMA3/SDO2/CN10/RG8 6 MCLR7

PMA2/SS2/CN11/RG9 8 VSS 9VDD 10

C1IN+/AN5/CN7/RB511

C1IN-/AN4/CN6/RB4 12 C2IN+/AN3/CN5/RB313

C2IN-/AN2/SS1/CN4/RB214 PGC1/EMUC1/VREF-/AN1/CN3/RB1 15PGD1/EMUD1/PMA6/VREF+/AN0/CN2/RB0 16 PGC2/EMUC2/AN6/OCFA/RB617

PGD2/EMUD2/AN7/RB718 AVDD19AVSS20 U2CTS/C1OUT/AN8/RB8 21

PMA7/C2OUT/AN9/RB922

TMS/PMA13/CVREF/AN10/RB1023 TDO/PMA12/AN11/RB1124 VSS 25VDD 26

TCK/PMA11/AN12/RB1227 TDI/PMA10/AN13/RB1328 PMA1/U2RTS/BCLK2/AN14/RB1429 PMA0/AN15/OCFB/CN12/RB1530 PMA9/U2RX/SDA2/CN17/RF431 PMA8/U2TX/SCL2/CN18/RF532 U1TX/SDO1/RF3 33

U1RX/SDI1/RF234INT0/RF635 SDA1/RG336

SCL1/RG2 37 VDD38

OSC1/CLKI/RC12 39

OSC2/CLKO/RC1540 VSS41

IC1/RTCC/INT1/RD842

IC2/U1CTS/INT2/RD943 IC3/PMCS2/INT3/RD1044 IC4/PMCS1/INT4/RD1145 OC1/RD0 46

SOSCI/CN1/RC1347 SOSCO/T1CK/CN0/RC1448

OC2/RD149 OC3/RD2 50PMBE/OC4/RD351 PMWR/OC5/IC5/CN13/RD4 52

PMRD/CN14/RD5 53 CN15/RD6 54

CN16/RD755 VCAP/VDDCORE56

ENVREG57

RF058

RF159 PMD0/RE060 PMD1/RE161 PMD2/RE262

PMD3/RE363

PMD4/RE4 64 U?

PIC24FJ128GA006-I/PT A01

SDA5A23 A12 WP7

VSS4 SCL 6

VCC8 U2

24LC1025-I/P

GND GND VDD 3.3 V

100nF C20

Cap

GND 1

INT4 WAKE3

SCK 6

SDI 5 RESET2

SDO7 CS8

NC9 VIN10

GND11 GND12 U?

MRF24J40MCGND 2 SCLK4 ALERT3

VDD 1 SDA5 U?

MCP9800A0T-M/OT

100nF C21

Cap 4.7 K R16Res34.7 K R17Res3

4.7 K R18Res34.7 K R19Res3 VDD 3.3 V

GND VDD 3.3 V

100nF C26Cap 100nF C17

Cap

VDD 3.3 V

1 2

32MHzXTAL

1 2

32.768 kHzXTAL

GND 22pF C24

Cap 22pF C22

Cap

22pF C23

Cap 100nF C16

Cap 100nF C15

Cap

10uF C19

Cap

22pF C25

Cap 100nF C18

Cap

GND

123456 P1

Header 6 VDD 3.3 V

MCP3911 SDOMCP3911 SDIMCP3911 SCK SM SDOSM SDISM SCK RXTX 221 R22

Res3

221 R23

Res3 MCP3911 CS

MCP3911 RST U2- TX U2 - RX REMAPPED UART 2 PROGRAMMER 300mA - 50ohm L3FERRITE BEAD

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

11 10

J1D Connector 9

U2 - RX U2 - TX

LED6 221 R20

Res3

LED7 221 R21

Res3 STATUS1 STATUS2

STATUS1

STATUS2 TX/RX LEDS 6.8K R24

Res310K R25

Res3

GND VBAT+

MCP3911 DR MCP3911 SDIMCP3911 SDOMCP3911 SCK VBAT MEASUREMENT

GND

GND GND

1 K R26Res3

SM UART RXSM UART TX SM I/O SM I/O MCLR PGDPDC

SN Microcontroller Connection

J.G.J. Krige Microcontroller Connection GND

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Appendix C

Sensor Node Connection Diagram

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Figure C.1: Sensor Node Connection Diagram

105

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Appendix D

Shortest Hop Path and MTTP

Experiment Data

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Figure D.1: A 3D Contour Plot of the Node Energy Consumption (J) of the Shortest Hop Path Routing Scheme (Experiment 1) Versus the Node Deployment (x,y)

107

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109

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Figure D.4: A 3D Contour Plot of the Node Energy Consumption (J) of the MTTPR Scheme (Experiment 1) Versus the Node Deployment (x,y)

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111

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Appendix E

Statistical Consultation Service Letter

113

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