University of Groningen Exploring the Regional Characteristics of Intestinal Drug Metabolism and Fibrogenesis Iswandana, Raditya

University of Groningen

Exploring the Regional Characteristics of Intestinal Drug Metabolism and Fibrogenesis Iswandana, Raditya

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Publication date: 2019

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Iswandana, R. (2019). Exploring the Regional Characteristics of Intestinal Drug Metabolism and Fibrogenesis. University of Groningen.

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RADITYA ISWANDANA

EXPLORING THE REGIONAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF INTESTINAL

DRUG METABOLISM AND FIBROGENESIS

EXPLORING THE REGIONAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF INTESTINAL

DRUG METABOLISM AND FIBROGENESIS

Paranymphs

Dorenda Oosterhuis Akbar Adjie Pratama

The research presented in this PhD thesis was performed at the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Printing of this thesis was financially supported by University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering and the University Library.

Raditya Iswandana received a PhD grant from Bernoulli sandwich scholarship between University of Groningen – The Netherlands and Universitas Indonesia – Indonesia.

Cover design : Suryadi (addieadie, cubucubu.id)

Layout : Raditya Iswandana

Photos : Raditya Iswandana

Printed by : ProefschriftMaken || www.proefschriftmaken.nl

ISBN (printed version) : 978-94-034-1668-7

ISBN (electronic version) : 978-94-034-1667-0 © Raditya Iswandana, 2019

All rights reserved. Copyright of the published articles is with the corresponding journal or otherwise with the author. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing from author or the copyright-owning journal.

Exploring the Regional

Characteristics of Intestinal Drug

Metabolism and Fibrogenesis

PhD thesis

to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen

on the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. E. Sterken

and in accordance with

the decision by the College of Deans. This thesis will be defended in public on

Monday 17 June 2019 at 9.00 hours

by

Raditya Iswandana

born on 23 June 1987 in Jakarta, Indonesia

Supervisors

Co-supervisor

Assessment Committee

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim

(In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful)

“And if whatever trees upon the earth were pens and the sea [was ink], replenished thereafter by seven [more] seas, the words of Allah would not be exhausted.

Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.” (QS. Luqman [31]: 27)

When I am writing, I believe that my hands will be destroyed,

and all that remains is only the writing

Martinitoren (St. Martin's Tower),

Groningen, The Netherlands

Chapter 1 General Introduction, Scope, and Aim of the Thesis 11

Chapter 2 Murine Precision-cut Intestinal Slices as Screening Tool for Antifibrotic Drugs

Rebuttal to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

25

Chapter 3 Organ- and Species-specific Biological Activity of Rosmarinic Acid

Toxicology in Vitro 32, 261 – 268 (2016)

47

Chapter 4 Regional Differences in the Early Onset of Intestinal Fibrosis

Manuscript in preparation

67

Chapter 5 Regional Differences in Human Intestinal Drug Metabolism

Drug Metabolism and Disposition 46(12), 1879 – 1885 (2018)

99

Chapter 6 Summary, General Discussion, Conclusions, and Perspectives

125

Chapter 7 Summary – Samenvatting – Ringkasan 139

Chapter 8 Curriculum Vitae, List of Publications, and Acknowledgments

147

| Chapter 1

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