• No results found

Elites and their children : a study in the historical anthropology of medieval China, 500-1000 AD

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Elites and their children : a study in the historical anthropology of medieval China, 500-1000 AD"

Copied!
14
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1)Elites and their children : a study in the historical anthropology of medieval China, 500-1000 AD Pissin, A.. Citation Pissin, A. (2009, September 10). Elites and their children : a study in the historical anthropology of medieval China, 500-1000 AD. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13968 Version:. Not Applicable (or Unknown). License:. Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded from:. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13968. Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable)..

(2)   

(3)  

(4)       

(5)  

(6)    

(7)         .  !"#  #$%"&'"('$)( *'))*$)( #))(*("$"#"#

(8) "*( +',)'$)(  #)'("" -+./...$)(*"&*( $0'(10-"#$)(!# 00'$/#" #$**"'(+*(**)'+#/123 %0%%4.5-- *   . (("%)""(  '1(#6)"0)-#( "(374 .

(9) /#" //""  +/#8  .*.9.:.#))  +/#8  ..:.  $"'0*(8 .*...9)##; !0"(#)0)(*" )(#-*" ("$"#< 

(10) (*(= .*..9-% .*. .. )/+)(<;("$"#<-#!( )0"(")=    .*.9. ..>)0)$(. . . .

(11)                    ($<0*+(")<-('+( ?(*"('?!)#!)++(*.  .)# !##. . . .

(12)                                            0)<"(' !"0*(?)00+)"(#"('') )$.(8>)(' (1.  䱟૤᭛ ࣪.!)('!)"8@-0"( !-1)(!33833. (*0<"('8>"#"('A "/

(13) -(!-)('

(14) *)#)1).. . . .

(15)   . .  

(16)    . ϭ ϭ ϰ. .     

(17)  2. 

(18) 

(19) 

(20)   

(21)  4..  

(22)         

(23)       Ϯϲ   ϭ ϰ. .

(24)  2. 4. 5. 

(25) 

(26) 8 

(27)  . ϯ.    B  .9

(28)  

(29)  

(30) @9 

(31) !9

(32)   " # $%&  

(33)   

(34)   

(35) 

(36) 

(37)  C    

(38)   

(39)       2.

(40)  9!9"!#

(41) 

(42) !"!#"

(43) #

(44)     $ %      

(45)  

(46)      $ 

(47) 

(48) 

(49)   %$ 

(50) $ 4.""" !

(51) 9"!# 

(52) $   

(53)  

(54) $  

(55)  5.

(56) "    &  

(57) 

(58)    

(59) 

(60)   '

(61)  

(62) '

(63) D

(64)     (

(65)  

(66) 

(67)   ( 

(68)  

(69)   )'*

(70)   *+, .""   -

(71)  $

(72) 

(73) 

(74) '

(75) 

(76)  '

(77) 

(78) .  '

(79)     

(80)   

(81)  2.  

(82)              

(83)  

(84)     

(85)   

(86)  

(87)  

(88)    

(89) 

(90)  . . . ϰ  ϰϲ ϱϭ   ϲϬ ϲϯ ϲϲ ϳϭ   ϳϱ ϳ

(91)  ϴϭ

(92) Ϯ

(93) ϳ ϵϮ ϵϲ ϭϬϬ Ϭϱ ϭ  ϭϬϳ ϭϭϬ ϭϭϯ ϭϭϱ ϭϭϵ ϭϴ ϭϮϵ ϭϯϮ ϭϰϰ ϭϰ

(94)  ϭϱϬ. .

(95) ϭ ϴ ϭϱ

(96)  ϭϲ

(97) . 4. 

(98)   

(99) !

(100) 

(101)   

(102) 

(103) " . ϳ. #$  %

(104)  #& . ϭ  ϭϳϱ ϭϳ

(105)  ϭ

(106) ϭ ϭϴ  ϭ

(107) ϯ ϭ

(108)

(109)  ϭϵϮ ϭϰ ϭϵϱ ϮϬϭ ϮϬϰ ϮϬ

(110) . .'((>6(( ) * 

(111) " +,

(112)

(113) 

(114) ""   2.(( , ,

(115)   "  4.(   "

(116). 

(117) *   "

(118) " ,    -

(119) . Ϯ. #$ . &  .(9/( 

(120)   *"

(121) - 

(122)  

(123)  !

(124)  *"

(125)     

(126)  

(127)

(128) E

(129)  

(130)    

(131) 

(132)  

(133)   

(134)   2. 

(135) 

(136)    

(137)  

(138)            

(139)     

(140)      

(141)  4.     

(142)  

(143)   

(144) 

(145)   !

(146) " 

(147) # $. ϮϴϬ. %&     .''' "

(148)  

(149)       

(150)   2.>'>''' 

(151) 

(152)  

(153)     . ϴϭ Ϯ

(154) Ϯ Ϯ

(155) ϱ Ϯ

(156) ϵ  Ϯϵ

(157)  ϯϬϮ ϯϬϰ ϯϳ. (()*

(158) # +. . ϭ  Ϯϭϲ Ϯϭϵ ϮϮϮ ϮϮϵ Ϯϯ

(159)  ϰ  Ϯϰϲ ϮϱϬ Ϯϱϯ Ϯϲϯ Ϯϲϰ  Ϯϲϳ Ϯϳϭ Ϯϳϲ. . .

(160) , % *. ϯϯϴ.  - ). *, . ϯ. /

(161)

(162)  //,%. ϯϲ . . . . .

(163) (  )  0          H$     +

(164) 

(165) 1     

(166) 1         

(167)    +  

(168)    2          +

(169) 

(170)     

(171)      *                  .*    *    * *    ‫ק‬ཛ    ‫ק‬ཛ #

(172) 

(173)   ‫ק‬ᠿ 4IF45 

(174)   ࣟᠿ 45 #

(175) 

(176) D ‫ק‬Ꮨ 77 

(177)   ۫ᠿ 4F #

(178) 

(179) % ‫ࡌק‬7I $          &'     $

(180) $    $

(181) (    $

(182) 3    $

(183)     $

(184) %          #

(185) 

(186)        

(187)                )$     *     +    

(188) ,$-./0    1,.2

(189) ,$-./0  . ୙   ೸   ࡌ   ۫ࡌ   ࣟࡌ   ਞટ   ᖏ࣠   ఻   ዧ   ۫ዧ   ࣟዧ   Կഏ   ᠿ   ᇋዧ   ‫ܦ‬   ۫வ   ࣟவ   $ *  তཛ  !" তཛ   ‫ݚ‬52573 D Ꮨ5732 $ ඩ27    ຫ7I3.                  . ၹ   ା   ն‫ ז‬  ‫ٿ‬ඩ   ‫ٿ‬ା   ‫ٿ‬வ   ‫ٿ‬ዧ   ‫ ࡌٿ‬  ‫ݚ‬   ‫ ݚק‬  ত‫ ݚ‬  ᙉ   ८   ց   ࣔ   堚   խဎ‫ا‬ഏ  խဎԳ‫ا‬٥ࡉഏ.                  . 2#!F#! (#-<9.. F#!G#! (#-< #! (#-<G2F #! (#-<7 772F 7757F 5722 2227 2F9....22 2F9..G..25 222 222I 222F 222F 222I 2F4F 4752. . IFI FI37 373F 37324 32434F 34F35F 3573 33F 3F273 3F27 27273 3F2 245 274FI 4FIF55 F553 32 353. . . . .

(190)    ' -(#"(' !"0*("(/*"$)0!"(#A##)#*"'!#)# ( +#"( ?!" !/)(#!)#) !"0*?)(<)0*)##!#"/1"#!.!#/J)'3 "  ;ጫ=. !- ) $( 0* !"0* #!#" )00< +(** # ) "A<) 0*(.'?$$<<-(' !"0*(#!" )0 -0)#"(?)(#-*.!)'  ) !"0* ?) #( + ""* ) *"(' # !? /)(< /(#! )# 1"#! !)* +)*.!"?))++0"*-+##?<))'"(/#A#.!) ##!)#)' )#('"$("()$)'-?)<- !)J"A$( 0*3-''##!)##! !"( ?"#  #!)# #"/ ? (# )0?)< #)"( ?!#! #!< ? "( 0-*"('#!*)# ( +#"((#.4-/(#!)(*<)"(#)*  #! )*3 1("#. 4 ( )< )(* " #! -  ?) 0) )1-# "# 4 !)$ **- #*)<)/#! )'.  . . . .

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

(193) . .

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

(195) 04    ( #! /"* !(<-)( +"* ;7II= "- :" ;᷇ঞ= / ()( #! (  )   ')*-)#/)"*)?/)(/-",!)('())+0) ?!!?)#)$00"('.!< '#)(#'#!)(* )00*!"/(',(';⫥⫥=.?$1 )-+$#<"-:" 0# !" ?" )(* !"0* )# )1-# ) <) )(* ?(# "(# #! ) -#! ?! ! 0"$* -(*)*"(#"*(#"#<.!"(>-A")(!/)"*)')"()?/)(/#! !( )/"0<.#!(#)<*)0(?"#!!"(??")(*!/#!)##!+0) ?!!" ?)?%"('. ##!#"/#!$(##)%+0) "#?))-#-/()#("'!#)00?!(#!!)$( ?) 0))(*#!/(1"'!#. -**(0< !()?)0"##01<"(#!?"(*?. +"(#*)#!?"#!!"!)(*)(*)"*8K(#1))"*L(#1))"*L )/)(" 1<. ?"00#00<-)#<)(*<- )(0"#(#"#.M !(#0*!/#!)1-#!"/. /#!#!()%*?!!?))(*?!! )//.)(?*8K )/(',('.  *"* 0)# <) "( #! $(#! /(#!. !  )/ /"(' (? # )< '*1<. -)00<?!(/(*""//)#-0<)(*!)(#) !*#!$(#!<)<#! !)(# //"##*)(< "/*-"('!"0"#"/)(*!*(# "$#"1-#"(. )(#*#!)# )/(#1("//*")#0< )/'"$(*-#"" )(* 1"('1) % )(* #! * -/(# / )(* # #! +)0)   #! -(*?0*. ! 0*  #! -(*?0* " /)%"(' (# )1-# #! $"0 )(* '* P**Q  $<1*< )(* $< /(#! ! " (*"(' #!/ # #! +)0)   #! -(*?0*. 9#?( P#! )(*Q  !)$0"-#"/)(* )('?!$ ?)(##.M >!( (',(')#! #-(*!/ )(*!"?" #0*!"/?!)# !)++(* !)#"#*"*(#10"$"#)(*#!-'!##!)#!"?")(*/#!"(0)??$" #"/ )($"0'!#.?$(',('!?*!"/0#!")#!?!"()00<!10"$* #!)#"#?)!"("(**. P(',(')#!Q#!(11*)(* "*)(*)%*!?"# )/#!)#!*"*)( )0< *)#!. P(',('Q #0* !"/8 K)# <) "( #! /"**0  #! $(#! /(#!  )-'!# *<(#< ?!"0+0)<"(' )(* ("#! #! * # ( #! +!)/) "# -0* !0+ / )(* #!- P"# !)++(*Q #!)#  )/ !. # " )#. ?   "$ * / #! -(*?0*)(*"#(#<#/<#"/"( )()#"(M (',(' 1 ! (# !" (? 0" #!-'! 1"#! #0* !" )#! *)#!)(*!0+*!"#+/#!?!/!!)*($/#?!(!?))0"$.2. . ( !5387F"D#$!1<!('-3#! (#-<=.(#)<#!)#K(' ('?" ᄳᓬᖂ/"(' !)('ᑇᯠ)(*"-:"%(?) !#!.M !)$+)#0<#)(0)#* +)#0<-//)"*#!"())#"$) !)$*(?"#!/)(<())#"$#!-'!-##!"#!". 2. . . .

(196)

(197) %     -)00<#!"#<#?*)<)#1"('1(#! !"0* !)('."A#<-*)<P)#1"#!Q "# !)(' )  (* #"/ G P"# +) #!-'!Q 1#! P#)'Q !)('"(' )(* #)/"('. "(#<"A*)<P0)#Q#!"#!#!"*!)('"('(!-(**)(*#?(#<"'!#*)< P0)#Q #! -#! !)('"(' G P"# +) #!-'!Q 1#! !)('"(' )(* #)/"('. ( !-(** )(* "A#< *)< P)# 1"#!Q #! " #! "#! !)('"(' (!-(** )(* ("(#<#? *)< 0)# #! "A#! !)('"(' G P"# +) #!-'!Q 1#! !)('"(' )(* #)/"('. ?!-(** )(* #?(#<- *)< P0)#Q #! " #! $(#! !)('"(' #?!-(** )(* "#<"A *)< P0)#Q #! "'!#! !)('"(' G P"# +) #!-'!Q 1#! !)('"(' )(* #)/"('. ?!-(** )(* "'!#<"'!# *)< P)# 1"#!Q #! " #! ("(#! !)('"(' #!"#<#? *)< P)# 1"#!Q #! #(#! !)('"(' G P"# +) #!-'!Q 1#! !)('"(' )(* #)/"('. # ) -/-0)#"(' #!!-(** )(* #?(#< *)< "A#<-*)<P0)#Q#!")1"'#)/"('. ##!"#)/"('"A#<-*)<0)# #!")')"()1"'#)/"('. ##!"#)/"('(!-(**)(*#?(#<"'!#*)< 0)# #! " )')"( ) 1"' #)/"('. -)00< / 1"#! (?)* !"0*( !)$ ) !)('"(' ) ! #!"#<#? *)<. P '#! ?"#!Q ) ! !)('"(' / ) #)/"('. -)00<#!)#(!)('"(')(*P)/('#!/Q"$#)/"('.-#!;#!)#= #! ) #! 1"' #)/"('. 0#'#! "# #)% "$!-(** )(* $(#<"A *)<. >!(#!1"')(*/)00#)/"(')"("!*P#! !"0*Q1 /)+(.4.  4. . 

(198) EI.214)842.. . .

(199)

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

Waar respondenten aangeven de hoogte van de afvalstoffenheffing van belang te vinden en melden graag meer mogelijkheden tot subsidie hierop te zien, vormt dit voor de

The results on simulated data show that the MR3 outperforms permutation tests on Hotelling’s T 2 test (pHT2) in the detection of difference of mean in small sample sizes, since the

Deze scriptie onderscheidt zich van eerdere werken omdat het specifiek voor de Nederlandse situatie onderzoekt hoe geldovermakingen van migranten en dus hun economische banden met

Dit laat de potentiële universaliteit zien van de daling in relatietevredenheid tijdens de transitie naar ouderschap en impliceert dat dezelfde interventies gericht op

The flowers are actinomorphic and tetramerous (rarely pentamer- ous), with triangular and acute sepals of 0.5mm and yellow to whitish, elliptic and 4-5mm long petals. The androecium

Deze begrippen zijn, waaronder GDA, open geformuleerd en kunnen hierdoor verschillend worden geïnterpreteerd door de AIVD, haar toezichthouders en de politiek.. Deze begrippen

In 2015 startte Mi-lan als promovenda bij het instituut Pedagogische Wetenschappen op een internationaal longitudinaal onderzoeksproject naar de overgang van zwangerschap

staatsrechtelijke verhouding: een verkenning voor de constitutionele agenda van de 21ste eeuw.. Retrieved