Preliminary report on the "Yellow rust trials project" in 1961 = Quelques resultats des essais sur la rouille jaune en 1961 = Enige resultaten van het gele - roest - vangsortimenten - project in 1961

Confidential Niet bestemd voor publikatie S t i c h t i n g N E D E R L A N D S G R A A N - C E N T R U M WAGENINGEN (The N e t h e r l a n d s ) T e c h n i s c h B e r i c h t Nr 2 J a n , 1959 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON

THE "YELLOW RUST TRIALS PROJECT" IN 1958 " b y

J.C.ZADOKS

Institute for Phytopathological Research and

Laboratory of Phytopathology of the Agric, University at Wageningen

ENIGE RESULTATEN VAN HET; GELE-ROESTVANGSORTIMENTEN-PROJEKT VERKREGEN IN 1958

:- door

• . . J.C.ZADOKS

Instituut voor Planteziektenkundig Onderzoek en Laboratorium voor Fytopathologie der L.H, te 'Wageningen.

CONTENTS page/blz. English text..., , ;: •'" 3-12

Dutch text 1 3-1 6

Results obtained in 1958 Table Map s I -111

Appendix« List of stations

INHOUD Engelse tekst Ne de rland s e tekst Waarnemingsresultaten in 1958

Kaarten Bijlage: Lijst van

- 2 « F O R E W O R D

Last year we published a report in which Mr. ZADOKS summarized the results of the yellow rust trials in Europe obtained in 1956 and 1957» We offer now another report to the co-operators in these yellow rust investigations in which the 1958 results are summarized«

The aim of this report is mainly to give the co-operators a survey of this year's results. It is, of course,too early to give a complete working-out of all data concerning the behaviour of yellow rust races. It is therefore necessary to continue the yellow rust trials for some time to come.

Meanwhile, we are greatly indebted to all co-operators in this yellow rust investigation for their valuable observations and their help by forwarding samples and results. This co-operation has given a special value to Mr, ZADOK's investigations,

BROEKHUIZEN Secretary of the N.G.C,

T E W G E L E I D E

In aansluiting op de reeds gepubliceerde resultaten,in 1956 en

1957 verkregen bij de waarnemingen aan de gele-roestvangsortimenten, zijn in het hierbij aangeboden rapport de resultaten van de in 1958 verrichte waarnemingen samengevat.

De bedoeling van dit verslag is voornamelijk om hiermee de vele medewerkers aan dit onderzoek wederom een overzicht van de verkregen resultaten te geven. Een volledige bewerking van het omvangrijke materi-aal kan uiteraard eerst tegemoet worden gezien, als het onderzoek over een nog iets langere periode is voortgezet.

Een woord van hartelijke dank aan alle medewerkers en waarnemers, door wier toewijding dit omvangrijke onderzoekprojekt mogelijk is ge-worden, is hier zeker op zijn plaats.

BROEKHUIZEN . Sekretaris van het N.G.C,

3

-THE "YELLOW RUST TRIALS PROJECT" 195* by J.C.ZADOKS, Wageningen

1. Introduction

The aim of the "Yellow Rust Trials'Project" is to get information on:

1. the first appearance of yellow rust in various regions,

2. the maximal degree of infection by yellow rust in various regions, 3. the distribution of yellow rust.races,

4. the varietal reaction of wheat to yellow rust and its races under different climatic conditions.

The "Yellow Rust Trials Project" is organized by the "Netherlands Grain Centre" (Wageningen, Holland). The "Biologische Bundesanstalt" (B.B.A., Brunswick, Germany) has contributed by determining the yellow rust races in the glasshouse. We are very grateful to the local obser-vers, whose careful observations have given this project shape and content,

2. Abstract of the records

The figures appearing in the attached table express the highest degree of attack recorded for each variety and each trial. No distinction has been made between the reaction types I, II, III and IV. When the

reaction type recorded was 0, the degree of attack was entered into the table as 0..

- = variety not sown, killed by frost, etc.

+ = yellow rust infection recorded but degree of attack unknown. For a right evaluation of the- data of the yellow rust trials it was necessary to make corrections for leaf rust. However, corrections for leaf rust have been entered only when "leaf rust" was diagnosed irrefutably by examination of the samples and the recording forms. Some of the puzzling records, possibly due to leaf rust, could not be

eliminated for lack of evidence.

3. Race identification by means of yellow rust trials

Last year's attempt to identify races by means of yellow rust trials has been continued. 'For this'purpose the yellow rust races are tentatively classed into two groupes. One group refers to the race of Cappelle (B.B.A. temporary co.de number 2X), which is regarded as the type race of the group. A second group refers to the race of Heine VII (B.B.A, temporary code number JX). Race 7^ is regarded as the type race of the second group.

The criteria one of these group standard has "been 2X group 2) According to classified a! Belgium Denmark France Germany Cappe the s 3 foil 2X 7X 2X 7X 2X 7X 2X 7X Great Britain and

Netherlands

2X 7X 2X

4

-used for the classification of yellow rust in s have heen discussed in last year's report. One added:

lie \ 4 and Staring \ 4 and Cappelle = Staring ± 1. tandards, race groups in 1958 may be tentatively ows (map Ill/A and H l / B ) ;

411 f 415 411, 415, 451 A, 432 112 722 702, 712, 7 H , 715, 722 211A, 222, 224, 2251A, 228, 241, 251, 271, 285 Northern Ireland 511, 512, 531, 545, 551, 552, 553, 582, 583 347 7X 331, 332, 333, 334A, 335, 336, 345, 346A, 347 351, 352, 354, 355, 356, 361 Portugal 2X 975 ,. •• 7X -Switzerland 2X 84I, 854 ? 7X

A • artificial infection in the vicinity, of the trial« 4. Race identification in the glasshouse

Race identification in the glasshouse is carried out by the B,B.A.,.as a routine technique. Owing to the great number of samples there was a stagnation in the work. Arrears could only be catched up by building another greenhouse. As this greenhouse is in operation now, we hope to gire a more detailed information on yellow rust races in our next report.

The following data have been provided with all reserve by Dr, E.FUCHS (B.B.A. Brunswick, Germany), (map II):

Rare, on trial grounds

Common, though not so frequent as race fXt

Found in England, Holland, Belgium, France, Germany and Switzerland, . . .

Rare, resembles race 7X, Holland

(• 8B in England) Most frequent .race in Europe, Found in England, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium and France.

Miss Race Race Race Race Dr. 1 2X 5/6 7X

Race 17/26 Some samples from Holland

Race 27/53 Found again in 1956, characterized by its virulence to Chinese 166. Sweden, Holland, Germany.

Race 54 Known for atout 15 years. Holland, Germany.

Race 55 Resembles race 2X, appears often in combination with 2X, Holland, Germany,

HB, These data refer to the years before 1958»

5, The wheat varieties

In contrast with the preceding report a corrected table has been given in the 1958 report. Only records from plants in the stage of development V 10 were considered? infection type 0 was interpreted as "no infection observed".

The following interpretation is essentially a report on the reaction of adult plants against rust infection. In general wheat varieties are more susceptible to yellow rust in their seedling stage

than in the adult stage.

For each variety the country cf origin is marked 0, the countries where the variety is grown are marked C,

S = spring wheat W = winter wheat 1. ~W 'Chinese-?/

0, China C.

Thia variety is the yellow rust differential Chinese 166, in use at Brunswick and Wageningen, It is called Chinese-W because, according to some insiders, it has not quite the same aspect as at the time of the first yellow.rust* diffe-rentiations. Many types are present in this variety which differ markedly in morphology and resistance. It is not known which type approaches the original Chinese 166. Data obtained with this variety are of little value owing to its impurity, At 361 a degree of attack 9 with yellow rust on glumes has been recorded,

2. W Reichersberg 42 0, Austria C.

This.variety was very'resistant to 2X and 7X race groups . • in 1956 and 1957. This also holds for 1958. The records from ;• 211 : Iv/8 and from 511s Iv/5 on top leaves only are

ex-ceptional. See also under Carsten V, 3. W Hybrid_46

0. England C, England

Records of 1956, 1957 and 1958 show Hybrid 46 to be very resistant, at least to the 7X race group. Marks as high as 6 occur at 041 , 2251 and 5671, The last two marks are due

to artificial infection and may indicate some susceptibility to the Peko race.

6

-4, W Harvest Queen 0. U.S.A.

A useful field differential 5. W Cappelle

0, France

C, Prance, England, Scotland, Ireland, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Denmark

Cappelle is a good field differential. Trial plots of Cappelle, adjoining plots of Heine VII with a degree of attack 8, are often free from yellow rust. Under some conditions, however, the marks of Cappelle may go up to 4, presumedly in response to a 7X infection, see 354« Higher marks of Cappelle are due to infection by race group 2X. This conclusion is enforced by high marks of Staring and low marks, of Heine VII. See records 347, 411, 415, J 2 2 , 841 and 975.

6. W Franc-r-Hord 0. France C.

The variety "Nord" used in the yellow rust trials was

supposed to he Nord from breeder DESPREZ, but it proved tö be Franc-Nord from breeder BLONDEAU. We apologize for this error.

Franc-Nord is susceptible to the Heine VII race group. Its response to the Cappelle race group is variable. As a field differential Franc-Nord is of little interest. 7. W Heine struin 110

0. Germany C.

As in 1956 and 1957 the Heine strain 110 was veru resistant this year, at least to the Heine VII race group. The highest mark was at 352 : IIl/2,

8. W Starin.g_

0. Netherlands C, Netherlands

Staring is a useful field differential, having about the

same reactions as Cappelle .to the JX and 2X race groups.

Highest marks in the Heine VII race group area were 322j ?/4 and 229? IIl/j

Staring is known to be resistant to race 7, which formerly frequented Carsten V but seems to have disappeared since.

7

-9. W Rutis

0. 'France C. '

-An excellent rust indicator. 10. W Panter

0. Belgium

C, Belgium, Netherlands

As in 1956 and 1957 Panter is very resistant at least to the 7X race group. The marks are nevertheless higher than those of 1957.'

An exceptional mark occurs at 211s H i / 8 . IT. W Pleine VII

0. Germany

C, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, England, Danmark A Heine VII attack is indicative of the Heine VII race

group. In countries where race fX is not yet found,

e.g. Switzerland, Heine VII was not attacked. The Heine VII race group has spread markedly in France,

A clearly distinct impurity with longer culms and shorter heads was present in many trials.

12. W Blé des Dômes 0, France C, France'

Blé des Dômes may he a useful accessory field differential to Heine VII, In 841 it was net affected by the Cappelle race group, but in 975 it was, This difference is not explained yet.

13. W Carsten V

0. Germany C. Germany

Carsten'V is known to be slightly susceptible to the "Heine VII race group. This explains marks such as recorded

at 222: H i / 3 . In'the southern group of East German trials, some trials have been artificially infected with a series of rust races, among which.one or more affect Carsten V, vide 2821, 263 and 284.

A serieus attack has been recorded at Brunswick .(2251) after artificial infection of the.field with race 54« An artificial infection plot at Baarn (3671 ) shows the same relatively high infection of Carsten V, due to the Peko race. This and other evidence suggest the identity of the so-called Pekc race and race 54« •

An interesting mark from Scotland at 511s IV/7 on top 'leaves only,is hard to explain. This evidence may point

to a late attack by some other race. The appearance of another race nicely smoothes away the problem presented

_ 8

-by the high mark for Reichersberg 42 at 511. Relatively-high marks for Carsten V and Reichersberg 42'occur also at 211. Though the interpretation of the observations • is highly speculative, Garsten V is still an interesting field differential.

14. W Persian

0. Persia C.

A very useful rust indicator. As a variety it is not homogeneous, but this is of no importance as to the purpose of these trials.

15. W Ile de France

16. W Alba

0, France C, France

lie de Frarce is very resistant to. the 7X race, one

of the highest marks being at 274s IV/2. New data on its reaction to the 2X race group are not present.

0. Belgium

C. Belgium, Holland

Severe attack of Alba indicates the Alba-race, belonging to the Heine VII race group. With glasshouse differentials the Alba and Heine VII races cannot be separated. The

adult plant reaction is indicative, as adult Alba is not severely attacked by the Heine VII race.

The results with Alba are more or less controversial. In the adult stage Alba was rather generally attacked by the Heine VII race, though only to a slight degree and on the inferior leaves only. Most records of Alba attack arrived later than those of Heine VII,'

Severe attack of Alba is indicative for the presence of the Alba race, vide, 334, 351, 411 and 415 in Holland and Belgium, where Alba is cultivated. In Denmark (112) and in England ('511, 512, 531 and 55*0» where Alba is

not grown, some heavy attacks -were, recorded, These remain unexplained. Unfortunately Alba is very susceptible to leaf rust; this may give rise to errors of observation. 17,.W Leda

0. Belgium

C, Belgium, Holland

In the adult stage Leda is fairly resistant to yellow

rust, at least to the JX race group. According to the

experience in 1957 the young plant is susceptible to the Alba race. Marks of Leda parallel marks of Alba, though on a lower level. For the. interpretation of the results the Leda records are of little help; Leda is very"sus-ceptible to leaf rust, also in the seedling stage. Some early and low records may be due to errors in observation.

9 -18, W Triticum spelta album

The author has net yet observed any yellow rust on this variety. Several of the 1957 records could he traced to leaf rust. Leaf rust is certainly recorded as yellow rust in some of this year's trials.

The high records from 041 and 512 do not fit in with the general picture.

19, S Heine's Kolben 0, Germany C

-Heine's Kelten is very susceptible to the Heine VII race group. We have no information on its reaction to the Cappelle race group.

20. S Jufy I

0. Belgium C. Belgium

Jufy I is very susceptible to the Heine VII race group and according tc former information also to' the Cappelle race group.

21. S Peko

0, Germany

,C. Germany, Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg, Britain Marks of Peko are generally 3 or more'points lower than corresponding marks of Heine's Kolben, Some Dutch trials are exceptional in showing Peko marks 2 points lower to 1 point higher than the corresponding Heine's Kolben marks (vide 321/334, 3451, 348 and 351).

These observations suggest a Peko.race, a possibility already considered in 1956 and corroborated by field observations in 1957 and 1958, See also under Carsten V and Hybrid 46.

22, S Selkirk

0, Canada C.

Selkirk is very resistant to yellow rust, at least to the 7X race group,

A susceptible impurity of the variety was present in small amounts

23, S Redma«

0, U. S, A. C.

10 -24» S Frontana

0. Bolivia

C , - . . • . ' . , . ; " • • Frontana is moderately susceptible to the Heine VII race group. Highest marks 713; Iv/6 and 345"! s H i / 7 .

Its reaction to the 2X race group is not known. 25. S Heine FT}-} barley

0. Germany 0,

-This entry is included for orientation on the distribution of yellow rust of barley. Attacks have been recorded in Sweden, Germany and Holland. #..

There is no evidence- that this barley is susceptible to wheat rust races,

6. The countries (map I/A •- B - C ~ D)

Austria Slight infection reported from ?11 « In some mountainous regions yellow rust was present.

Belgium Yellow rust in coastal region generally present$ attacks en Alba and Heine VII locally heavy, generally moderate. Slight infection on Leda in some polders. Cappelle mode-rately affected in Flanders.

Denmark • Yellow rust appeared at the end of June. High records are exceptional.

France First yellow rust observed at Montpellier on March 14th. First records from' northern France "in about the middle of May. Most trials gave* 'high records,

Germany Yellow rust of wheat was widely spread, but of little

practical' importance. Records from 211 controversial. Yellow rust of barley rather common,

Great_Britain and Northern Ireland

Yellow rust was widely spread in England and Scotland. Ho records from Wales and Northern Ireland. In Northern Ireland some yellow rust was present in early June

(MANNERS). Interesting anomalous records from 511 and 512. .

Ireland No yellow rust observed in the yellow rust trials.. Israël Yellow rust found in April, Attack stopped by heat,

Italy_ Yellow rust rare. First observations "in'late April (Rome) and May (Foggia).

- 11 ^ Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Yougoslavia

Yellow rust in wheat wa3 general', hut appeared later than in 1957« Severe attacks with yield depression have been rare. This favourable development was partly due to the decrease of the Heine VII area and partly to the weather conditions in late winter. The Cappelle race group was present in the south-west on Cappelle and Staring, without causing much damage. The Alba race was locally active. The Peko race spread' and showed a focal infection in all coastal districts. Yellow rust of barley was very active in 1958, No yellow rust observed in the trials. Yellow rust focus present on breeding material at Vollebekk. No yellow rust recorded.

Focal infection present in southern Portugal in early April. Rust may belong to the Cappelle race group. First record on April 1st from Beja.

Focal Infection present in southern Spain in early April, Infection stopped by heat. First record on March 26th from Murcia and Tabernas (SALAZAR and

SANTIAGO).

Yellow rust present at Svalöf. The record is anomalous on many points,

Yellow rust common. Severe epidemic in northern' Switzerland, but a record wheat harvest (KÜBEL), In the Rhone valley some yellow rust on wheat and I little barley (CORBAS). It is highly probable that the yellow rust on wheat belongs to the Cappelle ra.ce group. Seme yellow rust was found at Novi Sad in the middle of June,

on

General and rather severe attacks were reported from Egypt by Dr. ÏÏASSEBRAUK. Mr, GRAFDJOUAN reported an epidemic in the Saharan oases at the foot.of the Atlas mountains. First infections were seen there in February,

13

-HET "GELE-ROEST-VANGSORTIMENTEN-PROJEKT" IN 1958 d o o r J . C . Z A D O K S . M o l . d r s .

1 . I n l e i d i n g

Het doel van het "gele-roest-vangsortimenten-projekt" is het ver-krijgen van inlichtingen overs

1) het eerste optreden van de gele roest in verschillende streken; 2) de hoogste aantastingsgraad in verschillende streken hij

gele-roe s taant as ting 5

3) de verspreiding van de fysio's van de gele roest;

4) verschillen in reactie van tarv.'erassen bij gele-roestaantasting onder uiteenlopende klimaatsomstan^igheden.

Het "gele-roest-vangsortimenten-projekt" wordt georganiseerd docr het "Nederlands Graan-Centrum" te Wageningen. De "Biologische Bundes-anstalt" (B.B.A., Brunswijk, Duitsland) determineerde gele-roest-fysio's in de kas« Wij zijn veel dank verschuldigd aan de plaatselijke waarnemers, wier zorgvuldige waarnemingen dit projekt vorm en inhoud geven.

2. Overzicht van de v/aarnemingen * Be cijfers in de bijgaande tabel, waarin dus alle waarnemingen

bijeen, zijn gebracht, zijn de hoogste gemelde aantastingsgraden per ras en per vangsortiment. Er is geen onderscheid gemaakt tussen de typen I, II, III en IV van de gele roest. Wanneer als reactie-type 0 werd opgegeven, is in de tabel ook de aantastingsgraad als 0 opgenomen,

- - ra.s niet uitgezaaid, uitgevrcren enz,

+ = gele-roestaantasting gemeld, maar aantastingsgraad onbekend Voor een goede interpretatie van de gegevens van het vangsortimen-tenproject zijn deze gecorrigeerd op bruine roest. In een aantal ge-vallen is kennelijk bruine roest voor gele roest aangezien, hetgeen correctie op dit punt noodzakelijk maakte. Dergelijke correcties zijn echter alleen dan aangebracht, wanneer de diagnose "bruine roest" op grond van een zorgvuldige beschouwing van monsters en meldingsformu-lieren vast stond. Een aantal waarnemingen in de tabel geven nog

moeilijkheden, vermoedelijk doordat eveneens bruine roest v/erd gewaar-deerd, maar deze waarnemingen konden niet gecorrigeerd worden wegens gebrek aan bewijs,

3• Eysio-determinatie_door middel van vangsortimenten

In het vorige rapport werden de gele-roestfysio's voorlopig ondergebracht in twee groepen. Een groep is verwant aan het Cappelle-fysio (voorlopig B.B.A.-nitóner 2 X ) , dat als type-Cappelle-fysio van deze groep dient. Een tweede groep is verwant aan het Heine's VII-fysio

(voorlo-pig B.B.A.-nummer 7^). Fysio "]!. dient als type-fysio van de tweede

14

-De normen voor de indeling van de gele roest in een van deze groepen zijn in het vorige rapport vermeld. Hieraan is thans nog een nieuwe norm toegevoegd, al.i

2X groep 2) Cappelle ) 4 en Staring ) 4 en Cappelle = Staring + 1

Het volledige overzicht van de fysio-indeling is in de Engelse tekst opgenomen (zie blz. 4)'» De resultaten zijn weergegeven op de .kaarten .

IIl/A en Hl/B. A «• kunstmatige infektie in de omgeving van het vangsortiment

4, Fysio-determinatie in de kas

Fysio-determinatie in de kas wordt door de B.B.A. als routine-techniek uitgevoerd. Het grote aantal monsters veroorzaakte stagnatie in het werk. Nu een nieuwe, kas in gehruik genomen is, hopen wij in het

volgende rapport meer gedetailleerde gegevens over fysio's te kunnen opnemen. Het resultaat van de fysio-determinatie is in de Engelse tekst vermeld op blz. 4 en 5 (sie ook kaart II),

5, De tarwerassen

In tegenstelling tot het vorige rapport is de overzichtstabel in dit rapport dus gecorrigeerd op verkeerde waarnemingen met betrekking tot bruine roest. Alleen waarnemingen van planten met een ontwikke-lingsstadium V 10 werden in de tabel opgenomen. Bij een aantastings-type 0 werd in de tabel ook een aantastingsgraad 0 opgenomen.

De interpretatie van de waarnemingen, vermeld op blz. 5 e.V., is dus in wezen een verslag over de reactie van de volwassen plant, In het algemeen zijn jonge planten gevoeliger voor gele roest dan vol-wassen planten,

0 « land van oorsprong, waar het tarweras gekweekt is C » landen, waar het ras verbouwd wordt

S = zomertarwe W = wintertarwe

6, De landen (zie kaarten l/A - B - C - D)

België - Gele roest algemeen in de kuststreek, aantasting van Alba en Heine's VII plaatselijk ernstig, meestal echter matig. Lichte infektie op Leda in de Antwerpse polders. Cappelle matig aangetast in Y/est-Vlaanderen, Plaatselijk ook meer gele roest in het binnenland,

Denemarken - Gele rcest verscheen eind juni. Weinig hoge aan-tastingsgraden gemeld,

Duitsland - Gele roest van tarwe was algemeen aanwezig, maar had weinig praktische betekenis. Merkwaardig zijn de waarnemingen van 211. Gele roest van gerst was vrij algemeen in 1958»

- 15

-Frankrijk - De eerste gele roest vrerd waargenomen te

Montpellier op 14 maart. Eerste waarnemingen uit Noord-Frankrijk midden mei. Meestal hoge aantastingsgraden in Noord-Frankrijk. Groot-Britannië en Noord-Ierland

Gele roest was algemeen aanwezig in Engeland en Schotland. Geen meldingen ontvangen van de vangsortimenten in Wales en Noord-Ierland. • Merkwaardig zijn de meldingen van 511 en 512, - Geen gele roest in de vangsortimenten

waarge-• nomen

- Gele roest gevonden in april. De aantasting werd door een hittegolf gestopt.

- Gele roest in zeer geringe mate aanwezig. Eerste waarnemingen eind april te Rome en half mei te Foggia.

Ierland Israël Italië' Luxemburg Nederland Noorwegen Oostenrijk Polen Portugal Spanje Yougoslavie

- Geen gele roest waargenomen

- Gele roest op tarwe algemeen, maar later dan in 1957« Ernstige aantastingen met opbrengst-derving waren zeldzaam. Deze gunstige gang van zaken is ten dele toe te schrijven aan de afname van het Heine's VII areaal, ten dele ook aan de weersomstandigheden in de nawinter. De Cappelle-fysiogroep was aanwezig in het zuidwesten op Cappelle en Staring, zonder veel schade aan te richten. Het Alba-fysio was

plaatselijk aanwezig in Zeeland, Zuid- en Noord-Holland, Het Peko-fysio breidde zich uit en gaf een focale aantasting in alle kuotgobieden. De gele roest van gerst was erg actief.

- Geen gele roest in de vangsortimenten, wel op een proefveld te Vollebekk

- Enige gele roest in vangsortiment 911« In som-mige bergstreken was gele roest aanwezig, - Geen gele roest gemeld

- Begin april was in Zuid-Portugal een focale in-fektie aanwezig, welke misschien kan worden

toegeschreven aan de Caroelle-fysiogroep. Eerste melding op 1 april te Beja

- In Zuid-Spanje werd begin april een focale in-fektie waargenomen. Inin-fektie gestopt door hitte-golf. Eerste waarneming 26 maart te Murcia en Tabernas (SALAZAR en SANTIAGO).

- Midden juni werd enige gele roest gevonden bij Novi Sad

~ 1 6

-Zweden - Gele roest waargenomen te Svalöf. Het infektie-spectrum is in vele opzichten afwijkend.

Zwitserland - Gele roest was algemeen. Epidemie in Noord-Zwitser-land, maar record_oogst (KÜBEL). In het Rhône-dal enige gele roest op tarwe en ook iets,op gerst (CORBAZ), De gele roest van tarwe "behoorde waar-schijnlijk tot de Cappelle-fysiogroep,

Een algemene en plaatselijk vrij ernstige aantasting werd ge-meld uit Egypte ( H A S S E B R A U K ) , In de oases van de Sahara aan de voet van het Atlas-gebergte trad een ernstige gele-roestaantasting op. Eerste waarnemingen in februari ( GRAND JOUAIT),

T a b l e 1 - D e g r e e of i n f e c t i o n by y e l l N \ T r i a l ^ v ( Y a n g s o r t i m e n t ) V a r i e t y x . ( R a s ) \ . 1 ! 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 » 10 11 12 13

H 4

'15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 J23 !24 25 IChinese-W | R e i c h e r s b e r g 42 ! H y b r i d 46 H a r v e s t Queen C a p p e l l e F r a n c -Nord M CD CD r-t U 4 a CO

w

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