Tussen gouden bergen en groene business

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(36) M A N A G E M E N T S A M E N VAT T I N G. aRPU[\Y\TVR V` RPUaR_ [\T WN_R[ cR_dVWQR_Q cN[ _RNYV`NaVR cN[ QVa a\RX\Zà ]R_`]RPaVRS DRY `]RYR[ ;RQR_YN[Q`R XR[[V`V[àRYYV[TR[ 2b_\]RR` RR[ a\\[ NN[TRcR[QR _\Y V[ QR \[adVXXRYV[T cN[ `YRbaRYaRPU[\Y\TVR}[ :RR_ `NZR[ dR_XV[T V[ QR XR[[V`V[S_Nà_bPabb_ R[ Ob[QRYV[T cN[ \[gR V[[\cNaVRX_NPUa V` [\\QgNXRYVWX ZRQR TRgVR[ QR àR_XR P\[Pb__R[aVR cN[ YN[QR[ NY` QR CR_R[VTQR @aNaR[ /_NgVYV} 0UV[N R[ N[QR_R[ QVR Ub[ V[cRàR_V[TR[ V[ \[QR_g\RX R[ aRPU[\Y\TVR\[adVXXRYV[T cR_U\TR[. 2R[ T\RQR S\Pb``R_V[T cN[ XR[[V` R[ aRPU[\Y\TVR\[adVXXRYV[T aR[ ORU\RcR cN[ QR \[adVXXRYV[T cN[ TR[aRT_RR_QR OV\P\[cR_`VRXRaR[` V` [\\QgNXRYVWX \Z QR TROb[QRYQR V[[\cNaVRX_NPUa aR _VPUaR[ \] XR[[V`TR OVRQR[ R[ ZN_Xa[VPUR` dNN_V[ ;RQR_YN[Q R[ 2b_\]N gVPU \] ZVQQRYYN[TR aR_ZVW[ V[aR_[NaV\[NNY Xb[[R[ \[QR_`PURVQR[ 1NN_c\\_ V` RR[ T\RQR V[aR_[NaV\[NYR OR[PUZN_X cN[ ;RQR_YN[Q`R àR_XaR[ R[ gdNXaR[ \[ZV` ONN_ 1Va V[ NN[`YbVaV[T OVW QR Q\\_ QR 2b_\]R`R 0\ZZV``VR c\\_TRàRYQR 2b_\]R`R /V\RP\[\Zf <O`R_cNa\_f. õø. AB @@ 2; 4<B1 2; /2? 4 2; 2; 4 ? <2; 2 /B@6 ;2@@.

(37) INLEIDING. 1. IN LEIDIN G. 1R bVaTN[T`]\`VaVR cN[ ;RQR_YN[Q \Z V[aR_[NaV\[NNY RR[ ORYN[T_VWXR _\Y aR TNN[ `]RYR[ V[ QR OV\-ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR V` T\RQ 1R XR[[V`]\`VaVR \] ORYN[T_VWXR \[QR_dR_]R[ g\NY` QR P\[cR_`VR cN[ ]YN[aNN_QVT ZNaR_VNNY V` àR_X <\X gVW[ V[ \[` YN[Q RR[ NN[aNY T_\aR V[[\cNaVRcR ORQ_VWcR[ S\\Q PURZVR R[R_TVR TRcRàVTQ QVR RR[ àbdR[QR X_NPUa Xb[[R[ c\_ZR[ OVW QR _RNYV`NaVR cN[ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR 1R ;RQR_YN[Q`R UNcR[` gVW[ T\RQ TR]\`VaV\[RR_Q c\\_ V[c\R_ cR_dR_XV[T R[ Q\\_c\R_ R[ QRRY` GRRYN[Q 4_\[V[TR[ \\X c\\_ bVac\R_ 6[ QVa V[YRVQR[QR U\\SQàbX d\_Qa URa ORT_V] OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR TRQRSV[V RR_Q R[ V[ c\TRYcYbPUa RR[ NN[aNY SNPa\_R[ R[ QVYRZZN·` OR[\RZQ QVR `]R YR[ OVW QR \[adVXXRYV[T cN[ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR 1Va NY` V[a_\QbPaVR \] QR _R`bYaNaR[ cN[ QR `fàRRZcR_XR[[V[T dNN_cN[ QR _R`bYaNaR[ V[ QR c\Y TR[QR U\\SQàbXXR[ gVW[ `NZR[TRcNa 1<29 C.; 12 @F@A22:C2?82;;6;4. 1RgR `fàRRZcR_XR[[V[T cN[ QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR V` bVaTRc\R_Q V[ URa XNQR_ cN[ URa ]_\T_NZZN @a_NaRTf 0UN[TR cN[ URa 5NNT` 0R[a_bZ c\\_ @a_NaRTV`PUR @abQVR` R[ A;< 5Ra Q\RY cN[ QRgR `fàRRZcR_XR[[V[T V`' 2R[ URYQR_ gVPUa aR OVRQR[ \] QR Z\[QVNYR `fàRRZa_R[Q` \] URa TROVRQ cN[ UN[QRY NT_\ c\RQV[T R[ R[R_TVR R[ QR XN[`R[ QVYRZZN·` R[ ORQ_RV TV[TR[ QVR QRgR Xb[[R[ \]YRcR_R[ V[ QR _RNYV`NaVR cN[ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\ [\ZVR V[ ;RQR_YN[Q 5VR_c\\_ V` RR[ a_R[QN[NYf`R bVaTRc\R_Q dNN_cN[ U\\SQàbX QR _R`bYaNaR[ dRR_TRRSa 1R àR_XaR[ R[ gdNXaR[ cN[ URa ;RQR_YN[Q`R V[[\cNaVR`fàRRZ ORYN[T _VWXR `]RYR_` [RadR_XR[ R[ V``bR` aR VQR[aVSVPR_R[, QVR QR X\ZR[QR " a\a WNN_ OR]NYR[Q gVW[ c\\_ QR `[RYURVQ R[ _VPUaV[T cN[ QRgR \[adVXXRYV[T 5\\SQàbX TRRSa RR[ `NZR[cNaaV[T cN[ QR _R`bYaNaR[ cN[ QR RR[ V[[\ cNaVR`fàRRZN[NYf`R. STR ATEGY. CH AN GE ?.==<?A. 15.

(38) INLEIDING. :Ra gVPUa \] QR a_R[Q` R[ XR[[V` cN[ X_VaV`PUR `bPPR`SNPa\_R[ OR\\Ta QRgR `fàRRZcR_XR[[V[T OVW aR Q_NTR[ NN[ QR RSSRPaVcVaRVa cN[ ;RQR_YN[Q` ORYRVQ TR_VPUa \] _RNYV`NaVR cN[ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR. 1.1 WAT VERSTAAN WE ONDER EEN BIO-BASED ECONOMIE? :Ra QR aR_Z OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR d\_Qa RR[ RP\[\ZVR NN[TRQbVQ dNN_V[ ]YN[aNN_QVTR R[ QVR_YVWXR T_\[Qà\SSR[ R[ _Ràà_\ZR[ \] T_\aR `PUNNY d\_ QR[ TRO_bVXa c\\_ S\\Q R[ [\[S\\Q a\R]N``V[TR[ V[ RR[ O_RRQ `PNYN NN[ `RPa\_R[ dNN_\[QR_ QR PURZVR NT_\S\\Q ]N]VR_ O\bd Y\TVàVRX TRg\[Q URVQ`g\_T UVTUaRPU R[ R[R_TVRc\\_gVR[V[T 1\\_ V[gRa cN[ [VRbdR aRPU[\ Y\TVR}[ R[ \[adVXXRYV[T cN[ [VRbdR dNN_QRXRaR[` d\_QR[ T_\R[R T_\[Q à\SSR[ V[gRaONN_ c\\_ RR[ O_RRQ `PNYN cN[ Sb[PaV\[RYR a\R]N``V[TR[ R[ Xb[[R[ QNN_ZRR [VRacR_[VRbdON_R T_\[Qà\SSR[ g\NY` NN_Q\YVR NN_Q TN` R[ X\YR[ \] aR_ZVW[ cR_cN[TR[ 6[ QR cV`VR QVR NN[ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR aR[ T_\[Q`YNT YVTa V` OV\ZN``N QR ORYN[T_VWXàR T_\[Qà\S R[ S\a\`f[aUR`R URa ORYN[T_VWXàR ]_\QbPaVRZR PUN[V`ZR c\\_ \[gR Z\[QVNYR `NZR[YRcV[T .YTR[ ]YN[aR[ R[ O\ZR[ gRa aR[ Q\\_ ZVQQRY cN[ S\a\`f[aUR`R g\[[RR[R_TVR \Z V[ `bVXR_` cRgRY` RVdVaaR[ R[ N[QR_R ]YN[aNN_QVTR ORàN[QQRYR[ 1RgR c\_ZR[ RR[ c\RQ`RY O_\[ c\\_ ZR[` R[ QVR_ 6[ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR d\_QR[ ]YN[aNN_QVTR T_\[Qà\SSR[ R[ QVR_YVWXR _Ràà_\ZR[ O\cR[QVR[ \] T_\aR `PUNNY V[TRgRa c\\_ `RPa\_R[ NY` QR PURZVR QR O\bd QR TRg\[QURVQ`g\_T R[ QR R[R_TVR c\\_gVR[V[T GVW c\_ZR[ RR[ cR_cN[TR_ cN[ QR Q\ZV[N[aR T_\[Qà\SSR[ V[ URa UbVQVTR S\``VY-ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR' NN_Q\YVR NN_QTN` R[ X\YR[ ;NaV\[NNY g\dRY NY` 2b_\]RR` V` QR S\Pb` a\a c\\_ X\_a c\\_NY TRYRTQ OVW QR ]_\QbPaVR R[ URa TRO_bVX cN[ OV\ZN``N c\\_ R[R_TVRQ\RYRV[QR[ OV\SbRY`( OV\R[R_Tf 1R NSTRY\]R[ WN_R[ V` QR ]_\QbPaVR R[ a\R]N``V[T cN[ OV\ ON`RQ PURZVPNYV}[ R[ ZNaR_VNYR[ ZRR_ V[ ORRYQ TRX\ZR[ ;VRa \[ORYN[T_VWX QNN_V[ gVW[ QR 2b_\]R`R V[VaVNaVRcR[ \Z QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR [NQR_ \] QR XNN_a aR gRaaR[ /V\ON`RQ ]_\QbPa` V` RR[ cN[ QR gR` _RPR[aR gT[ YRNQ ZN_XRa V[VaVNaVcR` cN[ QR 2b_\]R`R 0\ZZV``VR :NN_ \\X [NaV\[NNY gVW[ QR [\QVTR V[VaVNaVRcR[ \[a]Y\\VQ Q\\_ URa =YNaS\_Z 4_\R[R 4_\[Qà\SSR[ URa 6[[\cNaVR;RadR_X 4_\R[R ?bVZaR R[ .T_\PYbàR_` QR @\PVNNY2P\[\ZV`PUR ?NNQ URa ?NaUR[Nb 6[àVabba R[ QR DRaR[`PUN]]RYVWXR R[ ARPU[\Y\TV`PUR 0\ZZV``VR c\\_ QR /V\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR <\X V[ URa ;RQR_YN[Q`R a\]`RPa\ _R[ORYRVQ X\Za QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR [NQ_bXXRYVWX NN[ QR \_QR. 16 AB @@ 2; 4<B1 2; /2? 4 2; 2; 4 ? <2; 2 /B@6 ;2@@.

(39) INLEIDING. FIGUUR 1.1: VERBEELDING VAN DE BIO-BASED ECONOMIE 1. /\e <cR_gVPUa cN[ QRSV[VaVR` 1RSV[VaVR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR ;9 ´<[QR_ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR cR_àNN[ dR RR[ RP\[\ZVR QVR gVW[ T_\[Qà\SSR[ T_\aR[QRRY` ORa_RXa bVa QR YRcR[QR [Nabb_ OV\ZN``N ¶T_\R[R T_\[Qà\SSR[· NY` \[QR_QRRY cN[ RR[ T_\R[R \S Qbb_gNZR RP\[\ZVR 2R[ U\\T \[adVXXRYQR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR TRO_bVXa T_\R[R T_\[Qà\SSR[ V[ QR RR_àR ]YNNa` c\\_ QR ]_\QbPaVR cN[ PURZVPNYV}[ R[ ZNaR_VNYR[ R[ QNN_[NNà c\\_ R[R_TVR G\QN[VT QNa QR P\[Pb__R[aVR ZRa QR c\RQ`RYc\\_gVR[V[T d\_Qa TRZV[VZNYV`RR_Qµ /_\[' ¶;NN_ T_\R[R PURZVR R[ T_\R[R ZNaR_VNYR[· DRaR[`PUN]]RYVWXR R[ ARPU[\Y\TV`PUR 0\ZZV``VR c\\_ QR /V\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR OYg . . :V[VàR_VR 9;C $ <cR_URVQ`cV`VR \] QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\Zf V[ QR R[R_TVRa_N[`VaVR ¶1R XRaR[ `YbVaR[· 1R[ 5NNT ZV[VàR_VR 9;C $. STR ATEGY. CH AN GE ?.==<?A. 17.

(40) INLEIDING. 1RSV[VaVR OV\RP\[\Zf 2B ÁUR /V\RP\[\Zf _RSR_` a\ aUR `bàNV[NOYR ]_\QbPaV\[ N[Q P\[cR_`V\[ \S OV\ZN`` V[a\ N _N[TR \S S\\Q URNYaU SVOR_ N[Q V[Qbà_VNY ]_\QbPa` N[Q R[R_Tf ?R[RdNOYR OV\ZN`` R[P\Z]N``R` N[f OV\Y\TVPNY ZNaR_VNY NT_VPbYab_R S\_Rà_f N[Q N[VZNYON`RQ V[PYbQV[T SVÙ N` N ]_\QbPa \_ a\ OR b`RQ N` _Nd ZNaR_VNYµ DUVaR =N]R_ 2b_\]RN[ ARPU[\Y\Tf =YNaS\_Z` ] ! /RVQR QRSV[VaVR` U\RdRY R[VTR_ZNaR cR_`PUVYYR[Q TRcR[ RR[ T\RQ R[ \ZcNaaR[Q V[gVPUa V[ dNa QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR V[U\bQa 2_ gVW[ RPUaR_ \\X NN[ZR_XRYVWX `ZNYYR_R QRSV[VaVR` V[ TRO_bVX dNN_cN[ QR c\YTR[QR RR[ T\RQR VYYbà_NaVR TRcR[' ´6[ aUV` O\\X dR QRSV[R OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR N` aUR ¶aRPU[\Y\TVPNY QRcRY\]ZR[a aUNa YRNQ` a\ N `VT[VSVPN[a _R]YNPRZR[a \S S\``VY SbRY` Of OV\ZN`` V[ aUR ]_\QbPaV\[ \S ]UN_ZNPRbaVPNY` PURZVPNY` ZNaR_VNY` a_N[`]\_aNaV\[ SbRY` RYRPa_VPVaf N[Q URNa· AUV` QRSV[VaV\[ QRSV[R` N [bZOR_ \S PUN[TR` V[ aRPU[\Y\TVR` aUNa ZVTUa QVSSR_ V[ PUN_NPaR_ Oba UNcR \[R aUV[T V[ P\ZZ\[' aURf SNPVYVaNaR N `VT[VSVPN[a _R]YNPRZR[a \S S\``VY R[R_Tf PN__VR_` Of OV\ZN`` /V\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR _RSR_` a\ aRPU[\Y\TVPNY PUN[TR` aUNa NYY\d `VT[VSVPN[a _R]YNPRZR[a \S S\``VY SbRY` V[ N dNf aUNa V` ORf\[Q a_NQVaV\[NY N]]YVPNaV\[`µ 9N[TRcRYQ @N[QR_` :RRb`R[ ¶AUR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR· ]. . 1RSV[VaVR OV\ON`RQ ]_\QbPa` 2B ´/V\ON`RQ ]_\QbPa` _RSR_ a\ [\[ S\\Q ]_\QbPa` QR_VcRQ S_\Z OV\ZN`` ]YN[a` NYTNR P_\]` a_RR` ZN_V[R \_TN[V`Z` N[Q OV\Y\TVPNY dNàR S_\Z U\b`RU\YQ` N[VZNY` N[Q S\\Q ]_\QbPaV\[ /V\ON`RQ ]_\QbPa` ZNf _N[TR S_\Z UVTUcNYbR NQQRQ SV[R PURZVPNY` `bPU N` ]UN_ZNPRbaVPNY` P\`ZRaVP` S\\Q NQQVaVcR` RaP a\ UVTU c\YbZR ZNaR_VNY` `bPU N` TR[R_NY OV\]\YfZR_` \_ PURZVPNY SRRQà\PX` HVR ObVYQV[T OY\PX`J AUR P\[PR]a RePYbQR` a_NQVaV\[NY OV\ON`RQ ]_\QbPa` `bPU N` ]bY] N[Q ]N]R_ N[Q d\\Q ]_\QbPa` N[Q OV\ZN`` N` N[ R[R_Tf `\b_PRµ 2b_\]RN[ 0\ZZV``V\[ & ]&. õü AB @@ 2; 4<B1 2; /2? 4 2; 2; 4 ? <2; 2 /B@6 ;2@@.

(41) INLEIDING. 1.2 WAAROM EEN BIO-BASED ECONOMY? 6[ QR YVaR_Nabb_ gVW[ QVcR_`R N_TbZR[aR[ c\\_ QR a_N[`VaVR [NN_ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR aR cV[QR[ 1R cVWS ORYN[T_VWXàR N_TbZR[aR[ \] RR[ _VW' C\\_gVR[V[T`gRXR_URVQ' QR Re]Y\VaNaVR cN[ QR OR`PUVXON_R c\\__NQR[ S\``VRYR T_\[Qà\SSR[ \cR_a_RSa QR `[RYURVQ dNN_ZRR [VRbdR c\\__NQR[ d\_QR[ TRc\[QR[ 1Na ORaRXR[a QNa QRgR c\\__NQR[ \] R[VTR aR_ZVW[ bVaTR]ba _NXR[ R[ NY YN[T c\\_ QVR aVWQ gbYYR[ NN_Q\YVR R[ NN_QTN` V[ ]_VW` àVWTR[ DN[[RR_ OV\ZN``N NY` NN[cbYYR[QR P^ cR_cN[TR[QR T_\[Qà\S d\_Qa TR[a_\QbPRR_Q cR_àR_Xa QVa QR QVcR_`VaRVa cN[ R[R_TVRO_\[[R[ R[ QNN_ZRR QR c\\_gVR[V[T`gRXR_URVQ \] ZVQQRYYN[TR R[ YN[TR aR_ZVW[ <[NSUN[XRYVWXURVQ' ;RQR_YN[Q R[ 2b_\]N gVW[ c\\_ QR YRcR_V[T cN[ S\``VRYR T_\[Qà\SSR[ NSUN[XRYVWX cN[ URa :VQQR[<\àR[ R[ YN[QR[ NY` ?b`YN[Q 1Na P_R}R_a RR[ \[TRdR[àR NSUN[XRYVWXURVQ gRXR_ dNN_ URa TNNa \Z ]\YV aVRX V[àNOVRYR YN[QR[ R[ \Z YN[QR[ QVR T_\[Qà\SSR[ V[gRaaR[ NY` ]\YVaVRX ]_R``VRZVQQRY 6[gRa cN[ RVTR[ OV\T_\[Qà\SSR[ cR_ZV[QR_a QVR NSUN[XR YVWXURVQ 8YVZNNacR_N[QR_V[T' URa T_\\a`PUNYVTR TRO_bVX cN[ S\``VRYR O_N[Qà\SSR[ URRSa TRYRVQ a\a NN[a\\[ON_R àVWTV[T cN[ NaZ\`SR_V`PU 0< dNa V[ O_RQR dRaR[`PUN]]RYVWXR X_V[T d\_Qa TRgVR[ NY` QR ORYN[T_VWXàR _RQR[ c\\_ RR[ cR_U\TV[T cN[ QR TRZVQQRYQR aRZ]R_Nabb_ \] NN_QR /V\ZN``N V` aR OR`PU\bdR[ NY` RR[ 0< [Rba_NYR T_\[Qà\S' QR 0<bVaà\\a Q\\_ TRO_bVX cN[ OV\ZN``N d\_Qa TRP\Z]R[`RR_Q Q\\_ QR 0<\]`YNT OVW ]YN[aR[T_\RV ! 1bb_gNZR ]_\QbPaVR' QR T_\RVR[QR c_NNT cN[bVa QR `NZR[YRcV[T [NN_ Qbb_gNZR ]_\QbPaR[ R[ QVR[àR[ c\_Za RR[ cVR_QR N_TbZR[a c\\_ QR a_N[`VaVR [NN_ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR 6[ URa VQRNYR TRcNY YRVQa QR \[adVXXR YV[T cN[ QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR a\a URa `YbVaR[ cN[ X_V[TY\]R[' R_ V` TRR[ `]_NXR ZRR_ cN[ NScNY R[ QR ]_\QbPaVR V` TRURRY 0< [Rba_NNY " 2P\[\ZV`PUR XN[`R[' RR[ ORYN[T_VWX N_TbZR[a c\\_ QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ ZVR c\_ZR[ QR XN[`R[ QVR URa OVRQa c\\_ URa ;RQR_YN[Q`R ORQ_VWS`YRcR[ QNa cN[ \bQÙR_ àR_X V` V[ QR YN[QO\bd QR NT_\S\\QV[Qbà_VR R[ QR PUR ZVR <\X c\\_ _b_NYR RP\[\ZVR}[ V[ .S_VXN R[ 9NaVW[`.ZR_VXN XN[ QR OV\ ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR RR[ VZ]bY` c\_ZR[ dN[[RR_ URa T\RQR àNOVRYR T_\[Q à\S]_VWgR[ \]YRcR_a R[ [VRbdR NSgRaZN_XaR[ c\\_ NT_N_V`PUR ]_\QbPaR[. STR ATEGY. CH AN GE ?.==<?A. 19.

(42) INLEIDING. <]cNYYR[Q V` QNa cVR_ cN[ QR cVWS N_TbZR[aR[ V[ QR XR_[ TNN[ \cR_ `bOàVab aVR 1R UbVQVTR S\``VYON`RQ RP\[\ZVR \] ON`V` cN[ NN_Q\YVR NN_QTN` R[ X\YR[ d\_Qa \] aR_ZVW[ cR_cN[TR[ Q\\_ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR \] ON`V` cN[ ]YN[aNN_QVTR R[ QVR_YVWXR ]_\QbPaR[ R[ _Ràà_\ZR[ 6[ QVR gV[ V` QR \[a dVXXRYV[T cN[ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR aR gVR[ NY` QR \]X\Zà cN[ RR[ [VRbdR RP\[\ZV`PUR à_bPabb_ z[ aRcR[` URa RV[QR cN[ RR[ aVWQ]R_X. 1.3 WHATS’NEW? 1R ZR[ÙRVQ ZNNXa NY cRYR RRbdR[ TRO_bVX cN[ ]YN[aNN_QVTR R[ QVR_YVWXR ]_\QbPaR[ R[ _Ràà_\ZR[ AN_dR `bVXR_OVRaR[ R[ ZN` d\_QR[ NY YN[TR aVWQ a\RTR]Nà NY` c\RQV[T`TRdN` c\\_ ZR[` R[ QVR_ R[ U\ba V` NY aVWQR[ QR ORYN[T_VWXàR R[R_TVRO_\[ c\\_ RR[ T_\\a QRRY cN[ QR dR_RYQORc\YXV[T <\X cV[QR[ NY cRYR U\[QR_QR[ WN_R[ aNYY\gR ]YN[aNN_QVTR R[ QVR_YVWXR ]_\QbPaR[ Ub[ a\R]N``V[T V[ O\bd PURZVR R[ SN_ZNPVR 6[ QR a\RX\ZàVTR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR V` QNa [VRa dRgR[YVWX N[QR_` ;VRbd NN[ QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR V` QR cR_O_RQV[T V[ [\[S\\Qa\R ]N` `V[TR[ dNN_c\\_ OV\ZN``N d\_Qa a\RTR]Nà V[ QR PURZVR O\bd Z\OVYVaRVa TRg\[QURVQ`g\_T R[ R[R_TVRc\\_gVR[V[T 2[ QVR cR_O_RQV[T gVa \\X NN[ QR T_\[Qà\SSR[XN[a' [NNà QR a\a Qb`cR_ TRO_bVXaR ]YN[aNN_QVTR R[ QVR_YVWXR ]_\QbPaR[ R[ _Ràà_\ZR[ d\_QR[ \\X [VRbdR OV\T_\[Qà\SSR[ V[TRgRa g\NY` T_N``R[ R[ NYTR[ 1VR cR_O_RQV[T TNNa UN[Q V[ UN[Q ZRa RR[ R[\_ZR `PUNNYcR_T_\aV[T <] QVa Z\ZR[a c\_ZR[ NN_Q\YVR R[ NN_QTN` QR T_\[Qà\S c\\_ _bVZ & cN[ QR ]_\QbPaR[ R[ ]_\PR``R[ V[ \[gR RP\[\ZVR 6[ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR UROOR[ OV\T_\[Qà\SSR[ QR Q\ZV[N[aVR cN[ S\``VRYR T_\[Qà\SSR[ \cR_ TR[\ZR[. 20 AB @@ 2; 4<B1 2; /2? 4 2; 2; 4 ? <2; 2 /B@6 ;2@@.

(43) INLEIDING. FIGUUR 1.2: TOEPASSINGEN VAN BIOGRONDSTOFFEN DE BIO-BASED ECONOMIE 2. <Z RR[ O_RQR_ `PNYN cN[ [\[S\\Q a\R]N``V[TR[ aR Xb[[R[ _RNYV`R_R[ \] ON`V` cN[ RR[ O_RQR_ `PNYN cN[ OV\T_\[Qà\SSR[ V` aRPU[\Y\TV`PUR cR_ [VRbdV[T [\QVT 5Ra TNNa \Z cR_[VRbdV[T V[' QR aRRYa R[ ]_\QbPaVR cN[ ]YN[aR[ R[ QVR_R[ QR \\Tà c\\_ORdR_XV[T R[ ]_\PR``V[T cN[ OV\ZN``N QR _NSSV[NTR R[ P\[cR_`VR cN[ OV\ZN``N a\a ON`V`PURZVPNYV}[ R[ ZNaR_VNYR[ QR [baaVTR a\R]N``V[T cN[ QRgR ON`V`PURZVPNYV}[ R[ ZNaR_VNYR[ V[ RV[Q]_\QbPaR[ QR cR_dR_XV[T aR_bTdV[[V[T R[ UR_TRO_bVX cN[ _Ràà_\ZR[ OVWc [ba_V}[aR[ X\\Yà\S dNaR_ QVR V[ QR XRaR[ c_VWX\ZR[. . :V[VàR_VR 9;C $ <cR_URVQ`cV`VR \] QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\Zf V[ QR R[R_TVRa_N[`VaVR ¶1R XRaR[ `YbVaR[· 1R[ 5NNT ZV[VàR_VR 9;C $. STR ATEGY. CH AN GE ?.==<?A. 21.

(44) INLEIDING. @YRbaRYaRPU[\Y\TVR}[ gVW[ TR[RaV`PUR Z\QVSVPNaVR aRRYa R[ OV\_NSSV[NTR ZNN_ \\X V[ N[QR_R `PUNXRY` cN[ QR XRaR[ V` `]_NXR cN[ aRPU[\Y\TV`PUR cR_ [VRbdV[T 3RVaRYVWX V` `]_NXR cN[ V[[\cNaVR \] XRaR[[VcRNb' V[[\cNaVR` dNN_ OVW [VRbdR ]_\QbPaXRaR[` d\_QR[ \[adVXXRYQ 8RaR[` QVR VQRNYVaR_ [VRa NYYRR[ aRPU[V`PU _RNYV`RR_ONN_ gVW[ ZNN_ \\X V[ RP\[\ZV`PU RP\Y\TV`PU R[ `\PVNNY \]gVPUa c\\_QRYVT gVW[ aR[ \]gVPUaR cN[ QR UbVQVTR \] S\``VRYR T_\[Qà\SSR[ TRON`RR_QR ]_\QbPaXRaR[` 1R [VRbdR ]_\QbPaXRaR[` X\ZR[ a\a àN[Q \] URa _NNXcYNX cN[ cVR_ RP\[\ ZV`PUR `RPa\_R[ QVR RYXNN_ V[ QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR [\QVT UROOR[' NT_\ S\\Q PURZVR R[R_TVR R[ Y\TVàVRX 2YX cN[ QRgR `RPa\_R[ URRSa RR[ RVTR[ ZN_XaQf[NZVRX RVTR[ S\_ZRYR R[ V[S\_ZRYR [RadR_XR[ RR[ RVTR[ PbYabb_ `Ra cN[ _RTRY` R[ a_NQVaVR` /V[[R[ QR [VRbdR ]_\QbPaXRaR[` gbYYR[ a\RYRcR _N[PVR_` ]_\QbPR[aR[ R[ P\[`bZR[aR[ ZRa RYXNN_ RR[ TRZRR[`PUN]]RYVWXR RP\[\ZVR à_bPabb_ R[ PbYabb_ Z\RaR[ \]O\bdR[ 6[ QVR gV[ V` QR _RNYV`NaVR cN[ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR RR[ `RPa\_\cR_àVWTR[QR `fàRRZ V[[\cNaVR ² cRRY ZRR_ QN[ RR[ aRPU[\Y\TV`PUR \S `RPa\_NYR \]TNcR ² QVR OR\\Ta QR ORàNN[QR S\``VYON`RQ RP\[\ZVR aR cR_cN[TR[. 1.4 IS ER VOLDOENDE BIOMASSA BESCHIKBAAR? 1R a_N[`VaVR [NN_ RR[ OV\ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR gNY [NN_ cR_dNPUaV[T gRXR_ a\a " c\\_aQb_R[ 6[ QRgR ]R_V\QR gNY \\X URa NN[aNY dR_RYQORd\[R_` T_\RV R[ a\a g\·[ & ZVYWN_Q R[ àVWTa O\cR[QVR[ URa TRZVQQRYQR dRYcNN_a` [VcRNb `bOàN[aVRRY /Rc\YXV[T`T_\RV R[ RP\[\ZV`PUR \[adVXXRYV[T cR_`[RYYR[ QR Z\[QVNYR c_NNT [NN_ T_\R[R T_\[Qà\SSR[ R[ QR \[adVXXRYV[T cN[ RR[ OV\ ON`RQ RP\[\ZVR gNY QNN_ [\T RR[` S\_` NN[ OVWQ_NTR[ 1R c_NNT V` TR_RPUa cNN_QVTQ \S R_ c\YQ\R[QR OV\ZN``N OR`PUVXONN_ V` \Z aR OYVWcR[ c\\_gVR[ V[ QR ORU\RSaR[ cN[ QR dR_RYQORc\YXV[T. 6[ aUR\_VR V` URa N[ad\\_Q \] QRgR c_NNT RR[c\bQVT R[ ]\`VaVRS 1R g\[ YRcR_a _bVZ c\YQ\R[QR R[R_TVR c\\_ QR ]_VZNV_R ]_\QbPaVR cN[ $ OVYW\R[ a\[ OV\ZN``N ]R_ WNN_ 1R ZR[` TRO_bVXa Z\ZR[aRRY PN " \SdRY # ZVYW\R[ & a\[ cN[ QR Z\[QVNNY TR]_\QbPRR_QR OV\ZN``N :R_R[QRRY`. /V\_NS¾[NTR V` V[ cRRY \]gVPUaR[ cR_TRYVWXONN_ ZRa a_NQVaV\[RYR _NS¾[NTR cN[ NN_Q\YVR R[ \ZcNa RR[ T_\\a NN[aNY `fàRZR[ c\\_ QR P\[cR_`VR cN[ OV\ZN``N a\a OV\]_\QbPaR[ c\\_ RR[ c\RQV[T R[R_TVR R[ PURZVR /VWYNTR TRRSa RR[ \cR_gVPUa cN[ ORàNN[QR _N¾V[NTR`fàRZR[ c\YTR[` 62. PYN``V¾PNaVR &. 22 AB @@ 2; 4<B1 2; /2? 4 2; 2; 4 ? <2; 2 /B@6 ;2@@.

(45) INLEIDING. d\_Qa QRgR OV\ZN``N cR_dR_Xa a\a c\RQ`RY # \S TRO_bVXa c\\_ QR ]_\ QbPaVR cN[ R[R_TVR ]N]VR_ ZRbOVYNV_ R[ P\[à_bPaVR` PN. @YRPUa` ". d\_Qa TRO_bVXa c\\_ N[QR_R [\[S\\Q a\R]N``V[TR[ g\NY` XYR_R[ R[ PURZV PNYV}[. FIGUUR 1.3: MONDIALE BIOMASSAPRODUCTIE EN AANDEEL MENSELIJKE CONSUMPTIE 4. 1R Z\TRYVWXURQR[ \Z QR OV\ZN``N]_\QbPaVR cR_QR_ aR \]aVZNYV`R_R[ OVWc\\_ORRYQ V[ Q_\TR TROVRQR[ \S \] dRV[VT c_bPUaON_R O\QRZ` gVW[ [\T YN[T [VRa bVaTR]ba /\cR[QVR[ XN[ V[ RR[ QRRY cN[ QR T_\RVR[QR ZR[`RYVWXR ORU\RSaR NN[ d\_QR[ c\\_gVR[ Q\\_ V[gRa cN[ OVW]_\QbPaR[ bVa YN[QO\bd O\ÒRURR_ \S cN[ OV\ZN``N_Ràà_\ZR[ 6[ QVa cR_ON[Q d\_Qa \[QR_`PURVQ TRZNNXa ab``R[ TRO_bVX cN[ RR_àR adRRQR R[ \\X dRY QR_QR TR[R_NaVR OV\ZN``N. ! 9 @UR[ 7 5NbSR :8 =NaRY & =_\QbPa\cR_cVRd N[Q ZN_XRa ]_\WRPaV\[ \S RZR_TV[T OV\]YNàVP` =?</6/ & 0\]R_[VPb` 6[àVababR S\_ @bàNV[NOYR 1RcRY\]ZR[a N[Q 6[[\cNaV\[ B[VcR_`Vaf Ba_RPUa 7b[R & 1RgR NbaRb_` ON`R_R[ gVPU \] RR[ àbQVR cN[ 7AU\R[ R[ ? /b`PU # 6[Qbà_VNY PURZVPNY` S_\Z OV\ZN`` 6[' 8NZZ / =? 4_bOR_ R[ : 8NZZ RQ` /V\_R¾[R_VR` ² V[Qbà_VNY ]_\PR``R` N[Q ]_\QbPa`' @aNab` >b\ N[Q 3bab_R 1V_RPaV\[` C\YbZR DVYRfC05 DR[[URVZ 1bVa`YN[Q ' &$% "$ $. STR ATEGY. CH AN GE ?.==<?A 23.

(46) INLEIDING. 2R_àR adRRQR R[ QR_QR TR[R_NaVR OV\ZN``N 6[ QR YVaR_Nabb_ d\_Qa cRRYNY \[QR_`PURVQ TRZNNXa ab``R[ cR_`PUVYYR[QR TR[R_NaVR` OV\O_N[Qà\SSR[ /V\O_N[Qà\SSR[ cN[ QR RR_àR TR[R_NaVR gVW[ TRON`RR_Q \] `bVXR_` gRaZRRY ]YN[aNN_QVTR \YVR \S QVR_YVWXR cRaaR[ QVR ZRa P\[cR[aV\[RYR PURZV`PUR ]_\PR``R[ \S cR_TVàV[T d\_QR[ TR]_\Qb PRR_Q bVa c\RQ`RYTRdN``R[ g\NY` ZN` X\\YgNNQ `\WN `bVXR_OVRa `bVXR_ _VRa R[ T_NN[. /V\O_N[Qà\SSR[ cN[ QR adRRQR TR[R_NaVR gVW[ [VRa NN[ c\RQ`RY TR_RYN aRR_Q 1RgR d\_QR[ TRZNNXa bVa ]YN[aR[ QVR UVR_c\\_ TRaRRYQ d\_QR[ g\NY` dVYTR[ \S bVa \[RRaON_R TRQRRYaR[ cN[ c\RQ`RYTRdN``R[ g\NY` à_\ c_bPUaR[ cN[ [VRa c\\_ P\[`bZ]aVR TR`PUVXaR ]YN[aR[ g\NY` 7NaU_\]N Pb_PN` ZNN_ \\X cN[ OR_ZT_N` R[ U\ba`[V]]R_` QVR_YVWX cRa TRO_bVXa S_Vabb_cRa R[ 43ANScNY. 1VcR_`R [VRbdR \[adVXXRYV[TR[ d\_QR[ NN[TRQbVQ NY` QR_QR TR[R_NaVR OV\O_N[Qà\S 6[ ;RQR_YN[Q d\_Qa UVR_\[QR_ cNNX OV\O_N[Qà\S bVa NYTR[ R[ dVR_R[ cR_àNN[. 9Nà Oba [\a YRNà XN[ QR RSSVPV}[aVR dNN_ZRR TRdN``R[ d\_QR[ \ZTRgRa V[ QVcR_`R ]_\QbPaR[ `bOàN[aVRRY d\_QR[ cR_U\\TQ 4RgNTUROOR[QR àbQVR` OR]YRVaR[ V[ QVa cR_ON[Q RR[ cR_TNN[QR PN`PNQR_V[T V[ T_\R[R T_\[Qà\S XRaR[`. 0N`PNQR_V[T 6[ QR \cR_URVQ`cV`VR \] QR OV\ON`RQ RP\[\Zf d\_Qa TR]YRVa c\\_ RR[ ZRR_c\bQVTR V[gRa cN[ T_\R[R T_\[Qà\SSR[ Q\\_ ¶PN`PNQR_V[T· 5VR_OVW d\_QR[ U\\TdNN_QVTR V[T_RQV}[aR[ OVWc R[gfZR[ RVdVaaR[ V[TRgRa c\\_ U\\TdNN_QVTR a\R]N``V[TR[ OVWc V[ SN_ZNPVR R[ SVW[PURZVR aR_dVWY N[QR_R P\Z]\[R[aR[ d\_QR[ \ZTRgRa a\a O_bVXON_R ON`V`T_\[Qà\SSR[ OVWc c\\_ ObYXPURZVR R[ O\bd aR_dVWY QR _RàS_NPaVR` d\_QR[ \ZTRgRa a\a OV\QVR`RY \S cR_O_N[Q ZRa aR_bTdV[[V[T cN[ R[R_TVR. 1R aUR\_VR V` Qb` OVWg\[QR_ U\\]TRcR[Q 6[ QR ]_NXaVWX V` QR c_NNT [NN_ OR`PUVXONN_URVQ cN[ OV\ZN``N RPUaR_ cRRY ZV[QR_ RR[c\bQVT aR ORN[a. öø AB @@ 2; 4<B1 2; /2? 4 2; 2; 4 ? <2; 2 /B@6 ;2@@.

(47) INLEIDING. d\\_QR[ 2R[ T_\\a NN[aNY SNPa\_R[ URRSa [NZRYVWX RR[ [NQRYVTR V[cY\RQ \] QR ]_\QbPaVcVaRVa R[ QR OR`PUVXONN_URVQ cN[ OV\ZN``N c\\_ [\[S\\Q a\R ]N``V[TR[ =?<1B0A6C6A26A. 1R YVaR_Nabb_ [\RZa RR[ O_RRQ `PNYN cN[ SNPa\_R[ QVR QR ]_\QbPaVcVaRVa cN[ QR ]_VZNV_R ]_\QbPaVR ORYRZZR_R[ CVWS SNPa\_R[ QVR cRRY d\_QR[ TR[\RZQ' ;Nabb__NZ]R[ R[ XYVZNNacR_N[QR_V[T' \\TàR[ Xb[[R[ ZV`YbXXR[ Q\\_ Rea_RZR [RR_`YNT \S Q_\\TaR Q\\_ \cR_à_\ZV[TR[ R_\`VR cbYXNN[bVa ON_àV[TR[ R[ N[QR_R [Nabb_cR_`PUVW[`RYR[ :R[`RYVWXR _NZ]R[' \\_Y\TR[ R[ dN[ORYRVQ V[ SNYR[QR àNaR[ gVW[ RR[ ORYN[T_VWXR \\_gNNX c\\_ aR_bTcNYYR[QR ]_\QbPaVR R[ Re]\_a cN[ YN[Q O\bdTRdN``R[ ._Z\RQR' OV\ZN``N V` QR ORYN[T_VWXR O_\[ cN[ c\RQV[T R[ R[R_TVR c\\_ N_ZR ORc\YXV[T`T_\R]R[ R[ V[ T_\aR QRYR[ cN[ QR dR_RYQ YRVQa N_Z\RQR a\a bVa]baaV[T cN[ [Nabb_YVWXR UbY]O_\[[R[ 3f`VRXR \ZàN[QVTURQR[' QR ]_\QbPaVcVaRVa cN[ TRdN``R[ V` QRRY` TR[R aV`PU OR]NNYQ R[ UN[Ta QRRY` `NZR[ ZRa SNPa\_R[ NY` aRZ]R_Nabb_ dNaR_ g\[YVPUa R[ O\QRZc_bPUaONN_URVQ R[ ZRa QR NN[dRgVTURVQ cN[ ]YN[aR[ gVRXaR[ R[ cR_\[a_RV[VTV[T cN[ O\QRZ \S dNaR_ ._RNNY c\\_ YN[Q R[ O\Ò\bd' V[ dRàR_`R YN[QR[ UROOR[ [Nabb_OR `PUR_ZV[T R[ àRQRYVWXR \[adVXXRYV[T R_a\R TRYRVQ QNa YN[QO\bdN_RNNY V` \ZTRgRa V[ [Nabb_aR__RV[R[ R[ V[ O\bdT_\[Q c\\_ d\[V[TR[ R[ ORQ_VW cR[ ?RPR[a X\Za QNN_OVW QNa YN[QO\bdTROVRQR[ bVa ]_\QbPaVR d\_QR[ TRUNNYQ aTc cR_T_VWgV[T R[ _RTV\[NYR ORc\YXV[T`X_VZ] 1R TR`PUVRQR[V` cN[ QR YNNaàR QRPR[[VN YRR_a QNa \] QVcR_`R P\[aV[R[aR[ ZRa V[gRa cN[ Z\QR_[R aRPU[VRXR[ NY `]RPaNPbYNV_R `]_\[TR[ V[ ]_\QbPaVcV aRVa gVW[ TR_RNYV`RR_Q \\X \[QR_ _RYNaVRS \[Tb[àVTR Sf`VRXR \ZàN[QVTUR QR[ 6[ cR_TRYVWXV[T QNN_ZRR V` URa [NQRYVTR RSSRPa cN[ RcR[abRRY N_RNNYcR_ YVR` cR_dNN_Y\\ÒNN_ /\cR[QVR[ gVR[ dR V[ cRRY \[adVXXRYV[T`YN[QR[ WbVà RR[ àVWTR[QR a_R[Q V[ URa YN[QO\bdN_RNNY ;Nabb__NZ]R[ Xb[[R[ dRYV` dNN_ RR[ \[ad_VPUaR[Q RSSRPa UROOR[ ZNN_ QR [NQRYVTR RSSRPaR[ QNN_cN[ gVW[ ZRRàNY aVWQRYVWX R[ _RTV\[NNY @a_bPab_RRY gVW[ dRY QR [NQRYVTR RSSRPaR[ cN[ \\_Y\T dN[ORYRVQ R[ N_Z\RQR. STR ATEGY. CH AN GE ?.==<?A 25.

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