Ultrahigh-Speed Dynamics of Micrometer-Scale Inertial Cavitation from NanoparticlesUltrahigh-Speed Dynamics of Micrometer-Scale Inertial Cavitation from Nanoparticles

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Title: Ultra High Speed Dynamics of Micron Sized Inertial Cavitation from

Nanoparticles

Authors: J.J. Kwan, 1 G. Lajoinie, 2 N. de Jong3, E. Stride, 1 M. Versluis, 2 C.C. Coussios 1*

Address:

1 _{Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.}

2 _{Physics of Fluids group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical}

Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, NL.

3_{Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, NL}

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I. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS

Figure S1. Voltage traces of signals recorded by the PCD and corresponding power spectral density curves below (a and b) and above (c and d) the cavitation threshold of medium sized nanocups. The red line (a and c) represents the signal emitted by the nanocup in response to the ultrasound wave emitted by the transducer. The black line is a trace of the voltage that was sent to the ultrasound transducer that has been converted to a pressure amplitude after calibration of the transducer.

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Figure S2. Cavitation persistence at different acoustic pressure amplitudes (0.5 MHz center frequency, 20 cycle pulse, 50% duty cycle) of medium sized nanocups are shown. At and above 2 MPa, there is no decrease in emitted signal power from the nanocups after multiple ultrasound pulses. At 1 MPa, there was a decay is power with the number of pulses. At 0.5 MPa, there was no received signal, indicating that the exposure conditions were below the cavitation threshold of the nanocups.