A brief history of humans and technology
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(2) MUSÉE NATIONAL DE PRÉHISTOIRE, LES EYZIES-DE-TAYAC.
(3) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY – PREHISTORY Why this sudden eruption of technological diversity? •. Innovative phases in Middle Stone Age technology at Still Bay and Howieson’s Poort (app. 71-72 000 and 60-65 000 years ago) linked to formation of social networks in expanding populations (Jacobs & Roberts, 2009). •. Increasing population size accumulation of skills in Late Stone Age Europe and sub-Saharan Africa (Powell et al., 2009). •. Higher population density facilitates communication and exchange, specialisation, … , and, thus, technological change (Klasen & Nestmann, 2006).
(4) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY – PREHISTORY •. In Oceania, islands with small populations had less complicated marine foraging technology • “genetic drift” – loss by chance • Imperfect social learning • Smaller pool of experts (Kline & Boyd, 2010). Ergo, technology requires a strong social context.
(5) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY – PREHISTORY Additionally, technology shapes society E.g., agriculture •. From Furtile Crescent (11 000 ya) to the rest of the Old World. •. Spreading of the idea rather than displacement of people (Sykes, 2001). •. 1 hunter-gatherer requires resources of 10 km2 agriculture increases resources by a factor of 50.
(6) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY – PREHISTORY. Peopling of the Pacific depended on technology •. 50 000 – 30 000 ya Melanesia was populated. •. Rapid expansion about 1500 ya to Polynesia navigation technology.
(7) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY - MORE RECENTLY Technology influences us, and we influence (the effects of) technology •. •. Printing press •. Spreading of ideas. •. Boost to capacity for empathy. •. Reduction in violence (Pinker, 2011). Mobile phones •. Safer events: social media to monitor, or communicate with crowds. •. •. Safer society: Amber Alert, NL-Alert. •. Detrimental effects on social life?. Rebound effect •. Energy-efficient lighting Lights burn longer. •. Economical car More kilometers.
(8) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY •. Invention of the wheel automotive technology mobility patterns • We can commute and have greater freedom in choosing a place to live • Explore the world after retirement.
(9) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ EINDHOVEN (THE ROARING NINETIES AND BEYOND) The study of human-technology interaction from a psychological perspective. •. Acting and non-acting habits (with Henk Aarts and Cees).
(10) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ EINDHOVEN •. Trust in systems (with Cees, Don Bouwhuis, Anneloes Meijnders, and Stéphanie van den Berg).
(11) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ EINDHOVEN •. Interactive Eco-feedback (with Teddy McCalley and Cees) • Persuasive Technology (although the term had yet to be coined).
(12) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ EINDHOVEN •. Stimulating environment and esprit de corps. •. However, pressure from above (university) and within (faculty) to integrate technology. •. Human-technology interaction has come to fruition since then. •. Position within university firmer than ever.
(13) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ EINDHOVEN •. E.g., Persuasive Technology • Eindhoven-Stanford collaboration • 10th international conference last June in Chicago • 12th will be in Twente/Amsterdam.
(14) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ TWENTE • Serious game “EnerCities”; evaluation. EnerCities. 5.5. No Enercities (Control). 5 4.5 4. a.. b.. c.. d.. e..
(15) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ TWENTE • Detecting leaders and followers (with Raymond Veldhuis).
(16) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ TWENTE •. Communication, technology, and event safety (with Mirjam Galetzka and Jan Gutteling) •. Mobile technology may affects persuasiveness of communication by event organisers.
(17) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ TWENTE •. Effects of CCTV cameras on perceived safety (with Thomas van Rompay) •. Positive effect on safety and interpretation of ambiguous stimuli. •. Camera presence (vs. absence) makes safe neighbourhoods more safe, and unsafe ones more unsafe.
(18) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ TWENTE •. Similar pressure and naïve ideas to “integrate” technological component from the board reactance. •. Wind of change: “High tech human touch”. •. Tech4People program • Stimulate cross-disciplinary research and collaboration • Technology to complement or replace more conventional methods • Sociometric badges, GPS trackers, Tobii Glasses 2 (eye tracking), Oculus Rift (VR), ….
(19) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY – THE FUTURE As we can learn from palaeontology… •. Increasing social networks and research populations may well lead to proliferation of innovative ideas (cf. Jacobs & Roberts, 2009) • Communication and exchange (cf. Klasen & Nestmann, 2006) • Accumulation of skills (cf. Powell et al., 2009). So… let’s work together! For human-technology interaction in The Netherlands the social contex has never been better.
(20) HUMANS & TECHNOLOGY @ BOEKELO Here’s to you, Cees! Many happy camper-based explorations!.
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