Kesselberg te Leuven/Holsbeek (Leuven en Holsbeek, provincie Vlaams-Brabant). Studieopdracht naar een archeologische evaluatie en waardering

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(1)(gem. Leuven en Holsbeek) Studieopdracht naar een archeologische evaluatie en waardering.

(2) . Condor Rapporten 75. Kesselberg te Leuven/Holsbeek.

(3) . . . . . KƉŐƌĂǀŝŶŐ. . . . WƌŽƐƉĞĐƚŝĞ. sĞƌŐƵŶŶŝŶŐƐŶƵŵŵĞƌ͗ . ϮϬϭϮͬϯϯϮ. EĂĂŵĂĂŶǀƌĂŐĞƌ͗. . s/>>dŽŵ. EĂĂŵƐŝƚĞ͗. . >ĞƵǀĞŶͬ,ŽůƐďĞĞŬ͕<ĞƐƐĞůďĞƌŐ. . _.

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(5) 1. Inhoudsopgave ............................................................................................................... 3 2. Colofon .......................................................................................................................... 9 3. Administratieve gegevens ........................................................................................... 10 3.1. Onderzoeksgegevens............................................................................................ 10 3.2. Locatiegegevens.................................................................................................... 10 4. Inleiding ....................................................................................................................... 11 4.1. Onderzoekskader................................................................................................. 11 4.2. Onderzoeksteam .................................................................................................. 12 4.3. Dankwoord ........................................................................................................... 12 4.4. Uitwerking en rapportage................................................................................... 13 5. Bureaustudie ................................................................................................................ 14 5.1. Algemeen .............................................................................................................. 14 5.2. Landschappelijk kader........................................................................................ 17 5.2.1.. Geologie..................................................................................................... 17. Tertiair .................................................................................................................. 17 Kwartair ................................................................................................................ 23 5.2.2.. Geomorfologie ........................................................................................... 27. 5.2.3.. Bodem........................................................................................................ 36. 5.3. Archeologische context ........................................................................................ 40 5.3.1.. Hoogteversterkingen in de ijzertijd ........................................................... 40. Inleiding................................................................................................................ 40 Locatie .................................................................................................................. 40 Structuren.............................................................................................................. 42 Einde van de hoogtenederzettingen en hun rol in de Romeinse periode .............. 44 Hoogtenederzettingen in België ........................................................................... 44 5.3.2.. Historisch kaartmateriaal .......................................................................... 48. 5.3.3.. Centraal Archeologische Inventaris.......................................................... 53. .

(6) >=3>AA2704>;>6820;)4B40A271E10. $4DE4= >;B144:.;;.5+.:0. 5.4.. Verstoringen op en rond de Kesselberg........................................................ 57. 5.5.. De Kesselberg herbekeken ............................................................................. 62. 5.5.1.. Literaire en archeologische bronnen......................................................... 62. 5.5.2.. Het archeologische materiaal van de Kesselberg ..................................... 67. Overzicht van het materiaal op basis van de literaire en archeologische bronnen67 Het archeologische materiaal herbekeken ............................................................ 76 Inleiding............................................................................................................ 76 Algemene beschouwing en de methodiek van de eerste documentatie van het archief ........................................................................................................... 76 Methodologie van de uitgebreide materiaalstudie ............................................ 81 Aardewerk......................................................................................................... 84 De gebruikte typo-chronologie ..................................................................... 84 Resultaten oppervlaktebehandeling .............................................................. 86 Randtypes en randversiering......................................................................... 89 Bodemtypes .................................................................................................. 92 Wandversiering............................................................................................. 94 Verschralingsmateriaal ................................................................................. 96 Pottypes en diagnostische archetypes ........................................................... 98 Slingerkogels en weefgewichten ................................................................ 100 Lithisch materiaal ........................................................................................... 100 Algemeen .................................................................................................... 100 Opmerkelijke vondsten: Franse dolken van de late EGK-cultuur en een topje van de Magdaleniaan-ijsberg? .................................................................... 103 Synthese.......................................................................................................... 104 Regionale chronologische gegevens in het ijzertijd aardewerk (addendum) .................................................................................................................... 111 5.6.. Archeologische evaluatie .............................................................................. 117. 6. Resultaten Veldonderzoek ......................................................................................... 121 6.1.. Plan van Aanpak.......................................................................................... 121. 6.1.1.. Landschappelijke boringen ..................................................................... 121. 6.1.2.. Metaaldetectie......................................................................................... 122. 6.1.3.. Geofysisch onderzoek............................................................................. 123. .

(7) >=3>AA2704>;>6820;)4B40A271E10. $4DE4= >;B144:.;;.5+.:0. Magnetometrisch onderzoek............................................................................... 123 Elektrische weerstandsmeting ............................................................................ 124 6.1.4.. Controleboringen .................................................................................... 125. 6.1.5.. Proefsleuven ........................................................................................... 125. Werkput 1 ........................................................................................................... 126 Werkput 2 ........................................................................................................... 126 Werkput 3 ........................................................................................................... 126 Werkput 4 ........................................................................................................... 127 Werkput 5 ........................................................................................................... 127 Werkput 6 ........................................................................................................... 127 Methodiek ................................................................................................... 127 6.2.. Onderzoeksresultaten................................................................................... 128. 6.2.1.. Metaaldetectie......................................................................................... 128. 6.2.2.. Landschappelijk booronderzoek ............................................................. 130. Geologie.............................................................................................................. 130 Bodem................................................................................................................. 136 Erosie en antropogene verstoringen.................................................................... 138 6.2.3.. Geofysisch onderzoek............................................................................. 141. Testfase ............................................................................................................... 141 Magnetometrisch onderzoek........................................................................... 141 Elektrische weerstandsmeting ........................................................................ 143 Aanvullend onderzoek ........................................................................................ 148 Resultaten magnetometrisch onderzoek ............................................................. 148 Zone M2.......................................................................................................... 148 Zone M3.......................................................................................................... 148 Zone M4.......................................................................................................... 148 Resultaten elektrische weerstandsmeting ........................................................... 149 EW2 ................................................................................................................ 149 EW3 ................................................................................................................ 149 EW4 ................................................................................................................ 150 Conclusie ............................................................................................................ 151 6.2.4.. Controleboringen .................................................................................... 151. 6.2.5.. Proefsleuvenonderzoek........................................................................... 153. .

(8) >=3>AA2704>;>6820;)4B40A271E10. $4DE4= >;B144:.;;.5+.:0. Bodemprofielen .................................................................................................. 153 Werkput 1 ....................................................................................................... 153 Werkput 2 ....................................................................................................... 157 Werkput 3 ....................................................................................................... 158 Werkput 4 ....................................................................................................... 159 Werkput 5 ....................................................................................................... 160 Werkput 6 ....................................................................................................... 161 Onderzoeksresultaten.......................................................................................... 164 Werkput 1 ....................................................................................................... 164 Werkput 2 ....................................................................................................... 165 Werkput 3 ....................................................................................................... 166 Werkput 4 ....................................................................................................... 167 Werkput 5 ....................................................................................................... 167 Werkput 6 ....................................................................................................... 167 Vondstmateriaal .................................................................................................. 168 Aardewerk....................................................................................................... 168 Roodbakkend geglazuurd aardewerk.......................................................... 169 Handgevormd aardewerk............................................................................ 169 Bouwmateriaal ................................................................................................ 177 Natuursteen ..................................................................................................... 177 Silex ................................................................................................................ 177 Onbekend........................................................................................................ 178 C14-datering ....................................................................................................... 178 Conclusie ............................................................................................................ 180 7.. De Kesselberg te Leuven, vergraven of bewaard verleden? ................................. 182 7.1.. Inleiding ......................................................................................................... 182. 7.2.. Synthese ......................................................................................................... 182. 8. Conclusies en aanbevelingen .................................................................................... 188 8.1.. Waardering ................................................................................................... 188. 8.1.1. Inleiding........................................................................................................ 188 8.1.2. Inhoud ........................................................................................................... 188 Zeldzaamheid...................................................................................................... 188. .

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