Psychische (on)gezondheid; determinanten en de effecten van preventieve interventies | RIVM

Hele tekst

(1)UHVHDUFKIRU PDQDQGHQYLURQPHQW. 5,-.6,167,7887922592/.6*(=21'+(,'(10,/,(8 1$7,21$/,167,787(2)38%/,&+($/7+$1'7+((19,5210(17. 5,90UDSSRUW. 3V\FKLVFKH RQ

(2) JH]RQGKHLG 'HWHUPLQDQWHQHQGHHIIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV ,$00DDV --DQVHQ HLQGUHG

(3) . VHSWHPEHU. 'LWRQGHU]RHNZHUGYHUULFKWLQRSGUDFKWHQWHQODVWHYDQKHW0LQLVWHULHYDQ9RONVJH]RQGKHLG :HO]LMQHQ6SRUWLQKHWNDGHUYDQSURMHFW'HWHUPLQDQWHQHQ3UHYHQWLH. PRPHQWHHOZHUN]DDPELM7123UHYHQWLHHQ*H]RQGKHLG. 5,903RVWEXV%$%LOWKRYHQWHOHIRRQID[.

(4) SDJYDQ. 5,90UDSSRUW±GHHO$.

(5) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. 9RONVJH]RQGKHLG 7RHNRPVW9HUNHQQLQJ 3V\FKLVFKH RQ

(6) JH]RQGKHLGGHWHUPLQDQWHQHQGHHIIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV. (LQGUHGDFWLH,$00DDV--DQVHQ.


(8) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. $EVWUDFW 0HQWDO GLVRUGHUV FRQVWLWXWH DQ LPSRUWDQW VRFLHWDO DQG SXEOLF KHDOWK SUREOHP EHLQJ UHVSRQVLEOH IRU RYHU RI GLUHFW

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


(11) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. 9RRUZRRUG 'H DOJHPHQHGRHOVWHOOLQJYDQGH 979 LV ³+HW ELMHHQEUHQJHQ DQDO\VHUHQ HQ LQWHJUHUHQ YDQNHQQLVHQ JHJHYHQVGLHYDQEHODQJ]LMQYRRUGH EHOHLGVYRUPLQJRSKHW JHELHGYDQ YRONVJH]RQGKHLGHQ]RUJ 9DQ2HUV

(12) ,QKHWWUDMHFWQDDU979]XOOHQWKHPD UDSSRUWHQ YHUVFKLMQHQ GLH DDQVOXLWHQ ELM EHOHLGVYUDJHQ RS GH NRUWH HQ PLGGHOODQJH WHUPLMQ 5LFKWOLMQ YRRU GH NHX]H YDQ RQGHUZHUSHQ LV RQGHU PHHU GH LQ 979 JHVLJQDOHHUGH SUREOHPDWLHN +HW RQGHUZHUS GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH JH]RQGKHLG NZDPLQ979QLHWDDQGHRUGH,Q979NZDPKHWRQGHUZHUSµGHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH JH]RQGKHLG¶ DDQ ERG LQ WZHH DI]RQGHUOLMNH ELMGUDJHQ µ3HUVRRQVNHQPHUNHQ HQ SV\FKLVFKH JH]RQGKHLG¶ HQ µ6RFLDOH RPJHYLQJ HQ SV\FKLVFKH JH]RQGKHLG¶2PGDWGH]HVSOLWVLQJQLHWLQRYHUHHQVWHPPLQJLVPHWKHWJHGDFKWHJRHGLQGH SV\FKLDWULH LV LQ GH YRRUEHUHLGLQJ QDDU 979 EHVORWHQ GLW RQGHUVFKHLG WH ODWHQ YHUYDOOHQ HQ ppQ ELMGUDJH RS WH QHPHQ RYHU µ'HWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQ

(13) JH]RQGKHLG¶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µDFKWHUJURQG¶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

(14) JH]RQGKHLGHQHIIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRSGH]HIDFWRUHQRS HHQLQWHJUDWLHYHZLM]HLQNDDUWEUHQJW 979 KRRSW PHW GLW WKHPDUDSSRUW HHQ ELMGUDJH WH NXQQHQ OHYHUHQ DDQ GH LQIRUPDWLHEHKRHIWHELMKHWYHUGHURQWZLNNHOHQYDQRQGHU]RHNVHQSUHYHQWLHEHOHLGELQQHQ GHJHHVWHOLMNHJH]RQGKHLGV]RUJ. 'U-$0YDQ2HUVSURMHFWOHLGHU979.


(16) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. ,QKRXG .HUQERRGVFKDS 'HHO$3V\FKLVFKH RQ

(17) JH]RQGKHLGHHQRYHU]LFKWYDQGHWHUPLQDQWHQHQSUHYHQWLH . 3UREOHHPGHILQLWLH . 0DDWVFKDSSHOLMNHHQZHWHQVFKDSSHOLMNHFRQWH[W. . *HEUXLNWHEHJULSSHQ. . 3UREOHHPDQDO\VH . . 9UDDJVWHOOLQJHQZHUNZLM]H. 'HWHUPLQDQWHQYDQSV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLG. (IIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRS GHWHUPLQDQWHQYDQ

(18) SV\FKLVFKHJH]RQGKHLG %HOHLGVDQDO\VH. $DQNQRSLQJVSXQWHQYRRUEHOHLG . 2QGHU]RHNQDDUGHWHUPLQDQWHQ. . $DQEHYHOLQJHQWHQDDQ]LHQYDQGHLPSOHPHQWDWLHYDQHIIHFWLHIJHEOHNHQLQWHUYHQWLHV. . 2QGHU]RHNQDDUGHHIIHFWHQYDQLQWHUYHQWLHV 9HUDQWZRRUGHOLMNKHGHQLQSUHYHQWLH 6ORWRSPHUNLQJ. /LWHUDWXXU 'HHO%$FKWHUJURQGVWXGLHV ,QWURGXFWLH 'HHO%'HWHUPLQDQWHQYDQSV\FKLVFKH RQ

(19) JH]RQGKHLG . ,QOHLGLQJ . 3V\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLGGHILQLWLHHQDIEDNHQLQJ +HW'\QDPLVFKH6WUHVV.ZHWVEDDUKHLGVPRGHO. (HQLQGHOLQJYDQGHWHUPLQDQWHQ :HUNZLM]H . 'HWHUPLQDQWHQYDQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQHQRQJH]RQGKHLG . 6WHPPLQJVVWRRUQLVVHQ.

(20) SDJYDQ. 5,90UDSSRUW±GHHO$. $QJVWHQVRPDWRIRUPHVWRRUQLVVHQ. 6FKL]RIUHQLHHQDDQYHUZDQWHSV\FKRWLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQ 6FKL]RIUHQLH %LSRODLUHVWRRUQLV 9HUVODYLQJHQ . 3V\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQLQNLQGHUHQHQDGROHVFHQWHQ. . 3V\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLG. . 6XwFLGH. &RQFOXVLHV (HQRYHU]LFKWYDQGHEHODQJULMNVWHGHWHUPLQDQWHQ. 1RJPDDOVKHWG\QDPLVFKHVWUHVVNZHWVEDDUKHLGVPRGHO %HWHNHQLVYDQGHEHYLQGLQJHQYRRUKHW**=EHOHLG +HWRQGHU]RHNVEHOHLG 0RJHOLMNKHGHQYRRUSUHYHQWLH (QNHOHWRHNRPVWYHUZDFKWLQJHQ /LWHUDWXXU 'HHO%+HWHIIHFWYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRS GHWHUPLQDQWHQYDQ

(21) SV\FKLVFKHJH]RQGKHLG . ,QOHLGLQJ. . 3UREOHHPVWHOOLQJHQPHWKRGH 'HILQLWLHYDQSUHYHQWLH. .HX]HYDQGHWHUPLQDQWHQ 'HYUDDJVWHOOLQJHQ. 'HPHWDDQDO\WLVFKHPHWKRGH (IIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRSGHQHJDWLHYHJHYROJHQYDQLQJULMSHQGH OHYHQVJHEHXUWHQLVVHQRIVWUHVVRUHQ 9HUPLQGHUHQYDQGHEHODVWLQJYDQIDPLOLHOHGHQYDQSV\FKLDWULVFKHSDWLsQWHQ. 9HUPLQGHUHQYDQGHJHYROJHQYRRUJHHVWHOLMNHJH]RQGKHLGYDQKHWRYHUOLMGHQYDQGHSDUWQHU 9HUPLQGHUHQYDQGHJHYROJHQYDQZHUNHORRVKHLGYRRUJHHVWHOLMNHJH]RQGKHLG. +HWYHUPLQGHUHQYDQGHEHODVWLQJYDQIDPLOLHOHGHQYDQKXOSEHKRHYHQGHRXGHUHQ . (IIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRSGHHUYDUHQVRFLDOHVWHXQHQVHOIHIILFDF\ (IIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRSVRFLDOHVWHXQ (IIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRSVHOIHIILFDF\. . %HVFKRXZLQJ %HSHUNLQJHQ.

(22) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. %HDQWZRRUGLQJYDQGHYUDDJVWHOOLQJHQ 'LVFXVVLH . .DGHUWHNVWHQ (IIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRSSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQ. 6HFXQGDLUHSUHYHQWLHYDQGHSUHVVLHELMRXGHUHQKHWDNWLHIDDQELHGHQYDQEHKDQGHOLQJDDQ RXGHUHQPHWGHSUHVVLHYHNODFKWHQ (IIHFWHQYDQYHUVODYLQJVSUHYHQWLHHHQRYHU]LFKWYDQPHWDDQDO\VHV (IIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYDQJHGUDJVSUREOHPHQELMNLQGHUHQ /LWHUDWXXU 'DQNEHWXLJLQJ %LMODJH. 9HU]HQGOLMVW. %LMODJH. /LMVWYDQDXWHXUVHQUHIHUHQWHQ. %LMODJH. $INRUWLQJHQHQGHILQLWLHV.


(24) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. .HUQERRGVFKDS 'H DOJHPHQH GRHOVWHOOLQJ YDQ GH 9RONVJH]RQGKHLG 7RHNRPVW 9HUNHQQLQJHQ LV ³+HW ELMHHQEUHQJHQ DQDO\VHUHQ HQ LQWHJUHUHQ YDQ NHQQLV HQ JHJHYHQV GLH YDQ EHODQJ ]LMQ YRRUGHEHOHLGVYRUPLQJRSKHWJHELHGYDQYRONVJH]RQGKHLGHQ]RUJ´'LWUDSSRUWJDDW VSHFLILHN LQ RS GH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQ

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

(26) ]LMQ YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNYRRUUXLPYDQGH GLUHFWH

(27) NRVWHQYDQGHJH]RQGKHLGV]RUJ (U LVQRJ VWHHGV VSUDNH YDQ HHQ IRUVH JURHLLQ KHW JHEUXLN YDQ **=YRRU]LHQLQJHQ 9RRU HHQ DFWLHYH SUHYHQWLH ELQQHQ KHW JHHVWHOLMN YRONVJH]RQGKHLGVEHOHLG LV HHQ UHJHOPDWLJH HQ JHGHJHQ DQDO\VH YDQ GH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ YDQ EHODQJ HQ YDQ GH PRJHOLMNKHGHQRPGLHGHWHUPLQDQWHQWHEHwQYORHGHQ. 3UREOHHPDQDO\VHGHWHUPLQDQWHQ. 3V\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQ]LMQPXOWLIDFWRULs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wQYORHGHQ H[RJHQHGHWHUPLQDQWHQ

(28) EHVWDDW HU DOOHHQUHGHOLMN EHZLMV YRRU HHQ UHODWLH PHW FRQIOLFWXHX]H JH]LQVVLWXDWLHV (HQ ODJH 6(6 VRFLDOHLVRODWLHJHEUHNDDQVRFLDOHVWHXQHQHHQYHUVWHGHOLMNWHOHHIRPJHYLQJYHUWRQHQYDDN HHQ UHGHOLMN VWHUN YHUEDQG PHW SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ +HW LV HFKWHU QRJ RQYROGRHQGH GXLGHOLMNRIKLHUVSUDNHLVYDQRRU]DDNRIJHYROJ 6WUHVVYROOH OHYHQVJHEHXUWHQLVVHQ VSHOHQ ELM DOOH SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ HQ EHODQJULMNH URO 7UDXPDWLVFKH MHXJGHUYDULQJHQ KHEEHQ YRRUDO HHQ FKURQLVFK ODQJH WHUPLMQ

(29) HIIHFW WHUZLMO DOOHUOHL JHEHXUWHQLVVHQ ELMY YHUOLHVHUYDULQJHQ

(30) HHQ XLWORNNHQGH URO NXQQHQ VSHOHQ ELM KHW RQWVWDDQYDQVWRRUQLVVHQ 9RRU HHQ DDQWDO ]RJHQRHPGH JHQHULHNH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ NRPW XLW GH OLWHUDWXXUDQDO\VH QDDU YRUHQ GDW ]LM KHW RQWVWDDQ YDQ PHHUGHUH YHHO YRRUNRPHQGH

(31) SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ.

(32) SDJYDQ. 5,90UDSSRUW±GHHO$. EHwQYORHGHQ +HW JDDW HQHU]LMGV RP SHUVRRQOLMNKHLGVNHQPHUNHQ DOV RYHUPDWLJH

(33) JHUHPGKHLG QHXURWLFLVPH LPSXOVLYLWHLW HQ FRJQLWLHYH HQ VRFLDDOFRPPXQLFDWLHYH EHSHUNLQJHQ $QGHU]LMGV RP WUDXPDWLVFKH HUYDULQJHQ LQ GH MHXJG HHQ ODJH 6(6 VWHUNH YHUVWHGHOLMNLQJ HQ VQHOOH VRFLDOH YHUDQGHULQJHQ 7KHRUHWLVFK JH]LHQ YDOW GH PHHVWH JH]RQGKHLGVZLQVWRSKHWWHUUHLQYDQGHSV\FKLVFKH RQ

(34) JH]RQGKHLGGDQRRNWHEHKDOHQGRRU EHwQYORHGLQJYDQ KHWOHUHQRPJDDQPHW

(35) GH]HJHQHULHNHGHWHUPLQDQWHQ. 3UREOHHPDQDO\VHSUHYHQWLH. 9HHOVWXGLHVELQQHQGH**=]LMQNZDOLWDWLHIRQYROGRHQGHRPKDUGHXLWVSUDNHQWHNXQQHQ GRHQRYHUHIIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHV . . 7HQDDQ]LHQYDQKHWEHw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¶VWHEHYRUGHUHQ. 'RHOWUHIIHQGKHLGYDQHHQDDQWDOLQWHUYHQWLHVDDQJHWRRQG . 6HFXQGDLUH SUHYHQWLH YDQ GHSUHVVLH ELM RXGHUHQ HQ SUHYHQWLH YDQ GUXJJHEUXLN YLD VFKRROSURJUDPPD¶V EOLMNHQ YROGRHQGH GRHOWUHIIHQG RP RYHU WH JDDQ WRW ODQGHOLMNH LPSOHPHQWDWLH ,QWHUYHQWLHVJHULFKW RSIDPLOLHOHGHQ YDQ SV\FKLDWULVFKH SDWLsQWHQ OLMNHQ GRHOWUHIIHQGLQ KHW YRRUNyPHQYDQRYHUEHODVWLQJVWUHVVHQDQJVW. %HOHLGVDQDO\VH. 6WHHGVPHHU**=LQVWHOOLQJHQDFWLHILQSUHYHQWLH . . =RZHOGH&$'¶VDOVGH5,$**¶V]LHQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVDOVHHQEHODQJULMNHWDDNYDQ KXQ RUJDQLVDWLH 'DDUQDDVW JHYHQ GH **'¶HQ XLWYRHULQJ DDQ GH 2SHQEDUH *HHVWHOLMNH *H]RQGKHLGV]RUJ 2RN GH KXLVDUWV NULMJW HHQ VWHHGV EHODQJULMNHU URO RS KHW JHELHG YDQ SUHYHQWLH(HQJHEUHNDDQ GLDJQRVWLVFKH

(36) NHQQLVHQHUYDULQJHQKHWDFKWHUZHJHEOLMYHQYDQ HHQ DGHTXDWH YHUJRHGLQJ YRRU SUHYHQWLHYH DFWLYLWHLWHQ YRUPHQ HFKWHU ELQQHQ GH KXLVDUWVHQSUDNWLMN HHQ EHOHPPHULQJ YRRU KHW VXFFHVYRO LQYRHUHQ YDQ SURJUDPPDWLVFKH SUHYHQWLHRS**=JHELHG &DWHJRUDOH RUJDQLVDWLHV SDWLsQWHQYHUHQLJLQJHQ SHGDJRJLVFKH FHQWUD DUERGLHQVWHQ HWF

(37) YHUYXOOHQHHQVWHHGVDFWLHYHUHUROLQGHSUHYHQWLHYDQSV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLG'LWURHSWGH EHKRHIWHRSDDQRQGHUOLQJHDIVWHPPLQJYDQWDNHQHQVDPHQZHUNLQJ.

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

(39) JH]RQGKHLG )XQGDPHQWHHOQHXURELRORJLVFKRQGHU]RHNLVHYHQHHQVYDQEHODQJWHQHLQGHGHGLDJQRVWLHN YDQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQWHYHUEHWHUHQ. 3UHYHQWLHRQGHU]RHNPRHW]LFKPHWQDPHULFKWHQRSHIIHFWHQYDQLQWHUYHQWLHVHQRS LPSOHPHQWDWLHVWUDWHJLHsQ . . +HWQDJHQRHJRQWEUHNHQYDQRQGHU]RHNQDDUGHHIIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRSGH LQFLGHQWLHYDQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQYHUJWHHQDDQ]LHQOLMNHLQYHVWHULQJRSGLWWHUUHLQLQGH NRPHQGHMDUHQ (FKWHU KHW YHUPLQGHUHQ YDQ GH SV\FKLVFKH FRQVHTXHQWLHV YDQ LQJULMSHQGH JHEHXUWHQLVVHQNDQRRNRS]LFK]HOIDOVZDDUGHYROZRUGHQEHVFKRXZG]HOIVZDQQHHU QRJ

(40) QLHW GXLGHOLMN LV RI GH SUHYDOHQWLH YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ GDDUPHH JHUHGXFHHUG NDQ ZRUGHQ (ULVQRJZHLQLJEHNHQGRYHUZHONHLPSOHPHQWDWLHVWUDWHJLHsQELQQHQKHWSUHYHQWLHYHOGKHW PHHVWVXFFHVYRO]LMQ7RWQXWRHZRUGHQNHX]HVYRRUSUHYHQWLHSURJUDPPD¶VVWHUNUHJLRQDDO EHSDDOGPHWYHUVQLSSHULQJDOVFRQVHTXHQWLH,PSOHPHQWDWLHRQGHU]RHNZRUGWRSKHWWHUUHLQ YDQGHSUHYHQWLHYDQSV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLGQRJQDXZHOLMNVYHUULFKW+HWLVYDQEHODQJ VWUDWHJLHsQYRRUODQGHOLMNHLPSOHPHQWDWLHYDQGRHOWUHIIHQGHSURJUDPPD¶VWHRQWZLNNHOHQHQ RQGHU]RHNRSGLWWHUUHLQWHVWLPXOHUHQ. (U]LMQGLYHUVHNDQVHQYRRUKHWSUHYHQWLHEHOHLG . . . %LMKHWRQWZLNNHOHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVLVKHWYDQJURRWEHODQJWHRQGHU]RHNHQRS ZHONH FRPELQDWLHYDQ

(41) GHWHUPLQDQWHQKHWEHVWHDDQJHJUHSHQNDQZRUGHQ 9DQZHJHGHYHURQGHUVWHOGHJURWHELMGUDJHDDQGHSV\FKLVFKH]LHNWHODVWLVKHWDDQWHEHYHOHQ KHW HIIHFWRQGHU]RHN YDQ LQWHUYHQWLHV VSHFLILHN WH ULFKWHQ RS KHW OHUHQ RPJDDQ PHW

(42) GH HHUGHU JHQRHPGH JHQHULHNH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ SHUVRRQOLMNKHLGVNHQPHUNHQ WUDXPDWLVFKH HUYDULQJHQ LQ GH MHXJG HHQ ODJH 6(6 VWHUNH YHUVWHGHOLMNLQJ HQ VQHOOH VRFLDOH YHUDQGHULQJHQ

(43) 9HHOEHORYHQGOLMNHQ GH JHwQGLFHHUGH SUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV GLH JHULFKW ]LMQ RS SHUVRQHQ GLHUHHGVHQLJHV\PSWRPHQYDQHHQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVYHUWRQHQ0RJHOLMNNXQQHQ]RRRN FKURQLVFKH DDQGRHQLQJHQ LQ HHQ YURHJ VWDGLXP DDQJHSDNW ZRUGHQ HQ NDQ FKURQLFLWHLW YRRUNyPHQZRUGHQ 6SHFLILHNHDDQGDFKWZRUGWJHYUDDJGYRRUYURHJHKHUNHQQLQJHQLQWHUYHQWLHELMKRRJULVLFR NLQGHUHQHQDGROHVFHQWHQJH]LHQGHDDQ]LHQOLMNHJH]RQGKHLGVZLQVWGLHKLHUPHHLQSRWHQWLH EHKDDOG NDQ ZRUGHQ (HQ EHODQJULMNH URO LV GDDUELM ZHJJHOHJG YRRU GH HHUVWHOLMQV JH]RQGKHLGV]RUJ /LPLWHULQJYDQGHEHVFKLNEDDUKHLGYDQJHQRWPLGGHOHQNDQHHQEHODQJULMNHUROVSHOHQLQGH SUHYHQWLHYDQJHGUDJVVWRRUQLVVHQHQVXwFLGH.


(45) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. 'HHO$3V\FKLVFKH RQ

(46) JH]RQGKHLGHHQRYHU]LFKW YDQGHWHUPLQDQWHQHQSUHYHQWLH ,$00DDV--DQVHQ.

(47) SDJYDQ. . 5,90UDSSRUW±GHHO$. 3UREOHHPGHILQLWLH. 0DDWVFKDSSHOLMNHHQZHWHQVFKDSSHOLMNHFRQWH[W 3V\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ YRUPHQ HHQ YRONVJH]RQGKHLGVSUREOHHP PHW RPYDQJULMNH PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNHJHYROJHQ8LWKHW1(0(6,6RQGHU]RHNNRPWQDDUYRUHQGDWMDDUOLMNV HHQNZDUWYDQGHYROZDVVHQ1HGHUODQGVHEHYRONLQJPHWHHQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVZRUGW JHFRQIURQWHHUG HQ RRLW LQ ]LMQ OHYHQ %LMO HW DO

(48) 3V\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ EOLMNHQ YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMN YRRU HHQ EHODQJULMN GHHO YDQ GH WRWDOH ]LHNWHODVW LQ GH EHYRONLQJLQ1HGHUODQG8LWILJXXU±DINRPVWLJXLWGH9RONVJH]RQGKHLG7RHNRPVW 9HUNHQQLQJ 979

(49) 5XZDDUG .UDPHUV

(50) EOLMNWGDWZDQQHHUGH]LHNWHODVW ZRUGW XLWJHGUXNW LQ YHUORUHQ OHYHQVMDUHQ GH SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ UHODWLHI ZHLQLJ ELMGUDJHQ WHQ RS]LFKWH YDQ DQGHUH GLDJQRVHFDWHJRULHsQ 'H ELMGUDJH LV YHHO JURWHU ZDQQHHUGH]LHNWHODVWZRUGWXLWJHGUXNWLQ]LHNWHMDDUHTXLYDOHQWHQ KHWDDQWDOOHYHQVMDUHQ PHW ]LHNWH JHZRJHQ YRRU GH HUQVW YDQ GH ]LHNWH

(51) RI LQ '$/<¶V 'LVDELOLW\$GMXVWHG /LIH <HDUV PDDW YRRU GH WRWDOH KRHYHHOKHLG JH]RQGKHLG GLH YHUORUHQ JDDW LQ HHQ EHYRONLQJ GRRU ]LHNWH RI VWHUIWH

(52) 2YHULJHQV LV GH ELMGUDJH YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ DDQ PRUWDOLWHLW PRJHOLMN JURWHU GDQ LQ GH 979 LV EHVFKUHYHQ =R EOLMNW GDW ELM PHQVHQ PHWHHQGHSUHVVLHGHPRUWDOLWHLWDDQ]LHQOLMNYHUKRRJGLV 3HQQLQ[HWDO

(53) +HWLVJRHGRPWHUHDOLVHUHQGDWGH]HFLMIHUVERYHQGLHQHHQEHSHUNWLQ]LFKWJHYHQ LQ KHWSHUVRRQOLMNOHHGYRRUGHSDWLsQWYRRU]LMQQDDVWHRPJHYLQJHQLQGHDDQ]LHQOLMNH PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNH FRQVHTXHQWLHV YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ ]RDOV DUEHLGV RQJHVFKLNWKHLGEHSHUNLQJHQLQKHWVRFLDOHIXQFWLRQHUHQJHZHOGHQRYHUODVW SHUFHQWDJH . LQIHFWLH]LHNWHQ. . QLHXZYRUPLQJHQ. . SV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQ LQFOVXwFLGHHQ GHPHQWLHH[FOYHUVWDQGHOLMNHKDQGLFDS

(54) KDUWHQYDDW]LHNWHQ. . RYHULJHOLFKDPHOLMNHDDQGRHQLQJHQ. . YHUORUHQOHYHQVMDUHQ. ]LHNWHMDDU HTXLYDOHQWHQ. '$/<. SHULQDWDOHDDQGRHQLQJHQHQDDQJHERUHQ DIZLMNLQJHQ RQJHYDOOHQ. )LJXXU 9HUGHOLQJ YDQ GH DDQWDOOHQ YHUORUHQ OHYHQVMDUHQ ]LHNWHMDDUHTXLYDOHQWHQ HQ '$/<¶VYRRUJURHSHQYDQ]LHNWHQHQDDQGRHQLQJHQ 5XZDDUG .UDPHUV

(55) .

(56) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. ,Q 979LVEHUHNHQGGDWUXLPYDQGHWRWDOHNRVWHQYDQ GH JH]RQGKHLGV]RUJ YRRU UHNHQLQJ NRPW YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ LQFOXVLHI ]RUJ YRRU YHUVWDQGHOLMNH KDQGLFDS HQ GHPHQWLH 3ROGHU HW DO

(57) ([FOXVLHI GH ]RUJ YRRU YHUVWDQGHOLMNH KDQGLFDS HQ GHPHQWLH JDDW KHP RP RQJHYHHU YDQ GH WRWDOH NRVWHQ ,Q GH]H ]RJHQDDPGH GLUHFWH NRVWHQ LV QRJ JHHQ UHNHQLQJ JHKRXGHQ PHW GH PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNH NRVWHQYDQSV\FKLVFKHDUEHLGVRQJHVFKLNWKHLG9ROJHQVVFKDWWLQJHQNRPWFLUFDYDQ GH NRVWHQ YDQ KHW ZHUNJHERQGHQ ]LHNWHYHU]XLP HQ YDQ DUEHLGVRQJHVFKLNWKHLG YRRU UHNHQLQJYDQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQ 6PXOGHUV

(58) ,Q GH DIJHORSHQ MDUHQ LV HU ERYHQGLHQ HHQ IRUVH JURHL WH ]LHQ JHZHHVW YDQ KHW JHEUXLN HQKHWDDQERG

(59) YDQGH**==REHGURHJKHWDDQWDOPHQVHQGDWFRQWDFWKDGPHW DPEXODQWH **=YRRU]LHQLQJHQ 5,$**¶V &$'¶V SROLNOLQLHNHQ YDQ $3=HQ HQ 3$$=HQ

(60) LQGLWEHWHNHQWHHQWRHQDPHPHWVLQGV 'RQNHU 'H :LOGH

(61) 'H YHUZDFKWLQJ YRRU GH WRHNRPVW LV GDW GH]H JURHL ]LFK YRRUW ]DO ]HWWHQ 59=

(62) 'H %HOHLGVYLVLH *HHVWHOLMNH *H]RQGKHLGV]RUJ GLH LQ GHFHPEHU LV DDQJHERGHQDDQGH7ZHHGH.DPHUEHVFKULMIWGHZLM]HZDDURSKHW0LQLVWHULHYDQ9:6 ZLO RPJDDQPHWGH]HSUREOHPDWLHN 9:6

(63) 9RRUKHWDIUHPPHQYDQGHJURHLHQGH ]RUJYUDDJHQEHSHUNHQYDQGHµ]LHNWHODVWWHQJHYROJHYDQSV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLG¶LV SUHYHQWLH LQFOXVLHI YURHJH RSVSRULQJ HQ VLJQDOHULQJ

(64) HHQ EHODQJULMN PLGGHO 3UHYHQWLH ELQQHQ GH JHHVWHOLMNH JH]RQGKHLGV]RUJ **=

(65) ULFKW]LFKQLHWDOOHHQRS KHWYRRUNyPHQ YDQGHSV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLG]HOIPDDURRNRSKHWYRRUNyPHQRIYHUPLQGHUHQYDQ EHOHPPHULQJHQLQKHWVRFLDDOHQPDDWVFKDSSHOLMNIXQFWLRQHUHQDOVJHYROJYDQGHUJHOLMNH SUREOHPDWLHN9RRUHHQDFWLHYHSUHYHQWLHELQQHQHHQJHHVWHOLMNYRONVJH]RQGKHLGVEHOHLG LV HHQDQDO\VHYDQGHGHWHUPLQDQWHQYDQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQYDQEHODQJHQYDQGH PRJHOLMNKHGHQRPGLHGHWHUPLQDQWHQWHEHwQYORHGHQ +HWZHWHQVFKDSSHOLMNRQGHU]RHNQDDUSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQHQGH**=LVQRJ EHWUHNNHOLMNQLHXZ(HQYHUJHOLMNLQJPHWGHNHQQLVEDVLV]RDOVGLHHURSGLWPRPHQWLV YRRU GH VRPDWLVFKH JH]RQGKHLGV]RUJ ODDW GXLGHOLMN HHQ JURWH DFKWHUVWDQG ]LHQ 'H LQWURGXFWLH YDQ HHQ LQWHUQDWLRQDDO JHDFFHSWHHUG FODVVLILFDWLHV\VWHHP GH '60,,, LQ

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yPLQJ YDQ SV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLGNHQWHHQ QRJ

(67) PLQGHUODQJHWUDGLWLHHQNUHHJRRNLQUHFHQWH MDUHQ QRJ ZHLQLJ DDQGDFKW (U LV WRW QX WRH UHODWLHI ZHLQLJ JHwQYHVWHHUG LQ GH YHUGHUH RQWZLNNHOLQJYDQGHSUHYHQWLHYDQSV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLG+RVPDQ

(68) QRHPWDOV PRJHOLMNHYHUNODULQJGHJURWHGUXNRSGHFXUDWLHYH]RUJDOVJHYROJYDQGHQRJVWHHGV WRHQHPHQGH YUDDJ =RODQJ QRJ QLHW DDQWRRQEDDU NDQ ZRUGHQ JHPDDNW GDW SUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV LQ VWDDW EOLMNHQ GH YUDDJ QDDU FXUDWLHYH KXOS WH VWDELOLVHUHQ RI ]HOIV WH UHGXFHUHQ LV HU ZHLQLJ KRRS RS HHQ VWHUNH LQYHVWHULQJ LQ SUHYHQWLH (HQ WZHHGH PRJHOLMNH YHUNODULQJ LV YROJHQV +RVPDQ GH ODJH PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNH HQ HFRQRPLVFKH ZDDUGH GLH DDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQ

(69) JH]RQGKHLG LV JHKHFKW +HW WRHJHQRPHQ LQ]LFKW LQ GH PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNH FRQVHTXHQWLHV YDQ JHHVWHOLMNH JH]RQGKHLGVSUREOHPHQ ]DO KHW NOLPDDW YRRU SUHYHQWLH PRJHOLMN LQ JXQVWLJH ]LQ EHwQYORHGHQ (HQ GHUGH EHODQJULMNH EDUULqUH YRRU LQYHVWHULQJHQLQSUHYHQWLHYDQSV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLGLVGHVFHSVLVWHQDDQ]LHQ.

(70) SDJYDQ. 5,90UDSSRUW±GHHO$. YDQGHYHUZDFKWHHIIHFWLYLWHLWHQKHWPDDWVFKDSSHOLMNSURILMWYDQSUHYHQWLHGLHPRHLOLMN ZHHUOHJG NDQ ZRUGHQ ]RODQJ HU JHHQ JHGHJHQ ZHWHQVFKDSSHOLMNH NHQQLVEDVLV ZRUGW JHJHQHUHHUG +RVPDQ

(71) %LQQHQHQEXLWHQGH**=]LMQHUHFKWHULQGHDIJHORSHQMDUHQGHQRGLJHSUHYHQWLHYH SURJUDPPD¶V RQWZLNNHOG HQ XLWJHYRHUG GLH SUHYHQWLH YDQ VWRRUQLVVHQ RI YDQ IXQFWLRQHOH EHSHUNLQJHQ WRW GRHO KHEEHQ HQ GLH WRW JXQVWLJH UHVXOWDWHQ KHEEHQ JHOHLG +RVPDQ *HHOHQ

(72) . 9UDDJVWHOOLQJHQZHUNZLM]H. +HW GRHO YDQ GH]H UDSSRUWDJH VOXLW DDQ ELM GH LQ GH HHUGHUJHQRHPGH %HOHLGVYLVLH **=. DDQJHJHYHQEHKRHIWHDDQLQIRUPDWLHRYHUGHWHUPLQDQWHQHQEHwQYORHGLQJVPRJHOLMNKHGHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ +HW GRHO LV HHQ VWDWHRIWKHDUW RYHU]LFKW WH JHYHQ YDQ GH KXLGLJ EHVFKLNEDUH NHQQLV LQ ELQQHQ HQ EXLWHQODQG RYHU GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQ

(73) JH]RQGKHLGHQGHGDDUXLWYRRUWYORHLHQGHPRJHOLMNKHGHQYRRUSUHYHQWLH7HYHQVPRHW LQ]LFKW ZRUGHQ JHJHYHQ LQ GH HYHQWXHOH ODFXQHV LQ GH NHQQLV KLHURYHU 'H YROJHQGH YUDJHQVWDDQGDDUELMFHQWUDDO :DWLVGHKXLGLJHNHQQLVRYHUGHWHUPLQDQWHQYDQGHSV\FKLVFKH RQ

(74) JH]RQGKHLG" :DWLVKHWUHODWLHYHEHODQJYDQGHYHUVFKLOOHQGHGHWHUPLQDQWHQPDZZDWLVEHNHQG RYHUGH NZDQWLWDWLHYH

(75) ELMGUDJHYDQ LQGLYLGXHOHRIJURHSHQYDQ

(76) GH]HGHWHUPLQDQWHQ DDQGHJHHVWHOLMNHYRONVJH]RQGKHLG" :DW ]LMQ GH KXLGLJH PRJHOLMNKHGHQ YRRU SUHYHQWLH YDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQ

(77) JH]RQGKHLG" WKHRUHWLVFKKDDOEDUHJH]RQGKHLGVZLQVW

(78) :DW LV HU EHNHQG RYHU GH GRHOWUHIIHQGKHLG HQ GRHOPDWLJKHLG YDQ GH KXLGLJH SUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHV" 'H]HUDSSRUWDJHYHUVFKLMQWLQKHWNDGHUYDQGH9RONVJH]RQGKHLG7RHNRPVW9HUNHQQLQJ HQ GLHQW GXV WHU RQGHUVWHXQLQJ YDQ KHW YRONJH]RQGKHLGVEHOHLG +HW JHHIW HHQ EUHHG HQ YHUJHOLMNHQG RYHU]LFKW YDQ GH ELMGUDJH YDQ GHWHUPLQDQWHQ DDQ GH SV\FKLVFKH RQ

(79) JH]RQGKHLG ,Q FRPELQDWLH PHW LQ]LFKWHQ LQ GH GRHOWUHIIHQGKHLG YDQ SUHYHQWLH ELHGW KHWDDQNQRSLQJVSXQWHQYRRUGHHYDOXDWLHHQRQWZLNNHOLQJYDQKHWSUHYHQWLHEHOHLGRSKHW WHUUHLQ YDQGHJHHVWHOLMNHYRONVJH]RQGKHLG 9RRU KHW EHDQWZRRUGHQ YDQ ERYHQJHQRHPGH YUDJHQ ]LMQ RQGHU]RHNVJURHSHQ YDQXLW GH 9DNJURHS 3V\FKLDWULH YDQ GH 58* SURI GU 2UPHO HD

(80) HQ KHW 7ULPERV LQVWLWXXW GU &XLMSHUV HD

(81) JHYUDDJG RP HHQ VWDWHRIWKHDUW UDSSRUW WH VFKULMYHQ RS KHW WHUUHLQ YDQ UHVSHFWLHYHOLMN GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQ

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

(83) LQ HHQ DDQYXOOLQJ JHSXEOLFHHUG RS KHW 3URJUDPPD 3UHYHQWLH 'H]H DDQYXOOLQJ LV VSHFLILHN JHULFKW RS HHQ QDGHUH XLWZHUNLQJ YDQ GH SURJUDPPHULQJ µ2QGHU]RHN SUHYHQWLH YDQ SV\FKLVFKH HQ JHGUDJVSUREOHPHQ¶ 1DDVW KHW EHQRHPHQ YDQ SULRULWHLWHQ YRRU GH LQKRXG YDQ RQGHU]RHN KHHIW GH SURJUDPPDFRPPLVVLH ]LFK RRN GH YHUVWHUNLQJYDQGHZHWHQVFKDSSHOLMNHNZDOLWHLWYDQKHWSUHYHQWLHRQGHU]RHNRSGLWWHUUHLQ.

(84) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. WHQGRHOJHVWHOG+LHUPHHZLO]LMNRPHQWRWHHQJURWHUHELMGUDJHYDQKHWRQGHU]RHNDDQGH 1HGHUODQGVH YRONVJH]RQGKHLG HQ JH]RQGKHLGV]RUJ =21

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

(86) HQGHKHU]LHQLQJGDDUYDQLQGHYRUPYDQGH'60,9LQ $3$

(87) %LQQHQGH'60ZRUGWHHQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVJHGHILQLHHUGDOVHHQNOLQLVFKEHODQJULMN SV\FKLVFK V\QGURRP RI JHGUDJVSDWURRQ GDW ELM LHPDQG YRRUNRPW HQ ZDDUELM VSUDNH LV YDQ]LFKWEDDUOLMGHQRIRQYHUPRJHQ WHNRUWNRPLQJLQppQRIPHHUEHODQJULMNHJHELHGHQ ZDDULQ PHQ NDQ IXQFWLRQHUHQ

(88) RI ZDDUELM HHQ YHUKRRJG ULVLFR RS VWHUIWH SLMQ HQ EHSHUNLQJHQ RSWUHHGW GDQ ZHO HHQ EHODQJULMN YHUOLHV LQ DXWRQRPLH 7HQ RYHUYORHGH ]LM YHUPHOG GDW VWRRUQLVVHQ LQ KHW JHEUXLN YDQ YHUVODYHQGH PLGGHOHQ PHW QDPH DOFRKRO GUXJVHQPHGLFLMQHQ

(89) KLHURRNWRHEHKRUHQ0HWSV\FKLDWULVFKHSDWLsQWHQZRUGWJHGRHOG RS SHUVRQHQ PHW HHQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLV GLH JHGLDJQRVWLFHHUG ]LMQ LQ GH SV\FKLDWULH WZHHGH OLMQ

(90) 'H WHUP SV\FKLVFKH RQJH]RQGKHLG LV HHQ EUHGHU EHJULS +LHURQGHU YDOOHQ QLHW DOOHHQ GH YRRUQRHPGH GLDJQRVHQ PDDU RRN SV\FKLVFKH RQJH]RQGKHLG JHPHWHQ PHW ]RJHQDDPGH JHQHULHNH QLHWVWRRUQLVVSHFLILHNH PDWHQ ZDDUPHH RRN GH PLOGHUH SV\FKLVFKHNODFKWHQZRUGHQRSJHVSRRUG ]LHYHUGHUGHHO%SDUDJUDDI

(91) 'DDUQDDVW ZRUGW GH PHHU EHOHLGVPDWLJH WHUP JHHVWHOLMNH YRONJH]RQGKHLG JHEUXLNW+HWJDDWKLHUHLJHQOLMNRPKHWFRPSOHPHQWYDQGHWRWDOH]LHNWHODVWWHQJHYROJH YDQVRPDWLVFKHDDQGRHQLQJHQ ,QGLWUDSSRUWLVGHWHUPSV\FKLVFKH RQ

(92) JH]RQGKHLGJHEUXLNWRPDDQWHJHYHQGDW GHWHUPLQDQWHQ ]RZHO ULVLFRIDFWRUHQ DOV EHVFKHUPHQGH IDFWRUHQ NXQQHQ ]LMQ ,Q KHW YHUYROJ ZRUGW LQ KHW NDGHU YDQ GH OHHVEDDUKHLG YHHODO JHNR]HQ YRRU KHW EHJULS SV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLGDDQJH]LHQGH QDGUXN LQ GH]H UDSSRUWDJH YHHODO KRHZHO QLHW HHQ]LMGLJRSGHULVLFRIDFWRUHQEHQDGHULQJEOHHNWHOLJJHQ 2QGHUSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVZRUGHQLQGLWUDSSRUWYLHUYRUPHQYDQSUHYHQWLH RQGHUVFKHLGHQFRQIRUPGHFRQVHQVXVRSGLWWHUUHLQ 1,0+

(93) 8QLYHUVHOH SUHYHQWLH JHULFKW RS DOJHPHQH EHYRONLQJ RI VXEJURHSHQ GLH QLHW ]LMQ JHwGHQWLILFHHUGRSEDVLVYDQHHQVSHFLILHNHULVLFRIDFWRU 6HOHFWLHYH SUHYHQWLH JHULFKW RS VXEJURHSHQ YDQ GH SRSXODWLH ZDDU KHW ULVLFR RS SV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLGJURWHUGDQJHPLGGHOGLV *HwQGLFHHUGH SUHYHQWLH JHULFKW RS LQGLYLGLGXHQ GLH QLHW YROGRHQ DDQ '60,9 FULWHULDYRRUHHQDDQGRHQLQJPDDUGLHZHOUHHGVV\PSWRPHQKHEEHQGLHYRRUDIJDDQ.

(94) SDJYDQ. 5,90UDSSRUW±GHHO$. DDQ GH DDQGRHQLQJ RI ZHO ELRORJLVFKH NHQPHUNHQ KHEEHQ GLH GXLGHQ RS HHQ µDDQOHJ¶YRRUHHQDDQGRHQLQJ =RUJJHULFKWH SUHYHQWLH JHULFKW RS PHQVHQ GLH HHQ DDQGRHQLQJ KHEEHQ YROJHQV '60,9 FULWHULD +HW JDDW GDDUELM RP WHUXJYDOSUHYHQWLH KHW YRRUNyPHQ YDQ FRPRUELGLWHLW HQ KHW YHUPLQGHUHQ YDQ GH FRQVHTXHQWLHV YDQ GH SV\FKLVFKH DDQGRHQLQJHQYRRUPHQVHQLQGHGLUHFWHRPJHYLQJ ,Q YHUJHOLMNLQJ PHW GH GRRU 979 LQ KHW DOJHPHHQ JHKDQWHHUGH LQGHOLQJ LQ SULPDLUH VHFXQGDLUH HQ WHUWLDLUH SUHYHQWLH NRPHQ GH HHUVWH WZHH YRUPHQ JURIZHJ RYHUHHQ PHW SULPDLUHSUHYHQWLHHQGHGHUGHPHWVHFXQGDLUHSUHYHQWLH=RUJJHULFKWHSUHYHQWLHRPYDW RQGHUGHOHQ GLH GRRU VRPPLJHQ QLHW DOV SUHYHQWLH KRRJVWHQV DOV WHUWLDLUH SUHYHQWLH

(95) ZRUGHQ DDQJHGXLG ]RDOV KHW YHUPLQGHUHQ YDQ GH FRQVHTXHQWLHV YDQ GH DDQGRHQLQJHQ YRRUGHRPJHYLQJ

(96) ,QELMODJHLV HHQOLMVWYDQDINRUWLQJHQHQGHILQLWLHVRSJHQRPHQ.

(97) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . . SDJYDQ. 3UREOHHPDQDO\VH. 'HWHUPLQDQWHQYDQSV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLG 8LWJDQJVSXQWHQHQDIEDNHQLQJ 3V\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQ]LMQYRUPHQYDQDEQRUPDDOJHGUDJ+HWJDDWGDDUELMQLHWDOOHHQ RP KHW ZDDUQHHPEDUH JHGUDJ YDQ PHQVHQ PDDU RRN GH GRRU KHQ JHUDSSRUWHHUGH EHOHYLQJHQ JHYRHOHQV HQ JHGDFKWHQ EHKRUHQ HUWRH 'H -RQJ HW DO

(98) 8LW GH]H GHILQLWLH EOLMNW GDW KHW EHJULS µSV\FKLVFKH RQJH]RQGKHLG¶ YHHORPYDWWHQG LV 9RRU GH]H UDSSRUWDJH]LMQHHQDDQWDOEHODQJULMNHSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQJHVHOHFWHHUGRSEDVLVYDQ KXQ SUHYDOHQWLH ]LHNWHODVW HQ NRVWHQ YDQ GH ]RUJ +HW EHWUHIW VWHPPLQJVVWRRUQLVVHQ DQJVW HQ VRPDWRIRUPH VWRRUQLVVHQ VFKL]RIUHQLH HQ ELSRODLUH VWRRUQLV YHUVODYLQJHQ YHHO YRRUNRPHQGH SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ ELM NLQGHUHQ HQ DGROHVFHQWHQ HQ VXwFLGH %HKDOYH GH VWRRUQLVVSHFLILHNH LQYDOVKRHN EHVWHHGW GLW UDSSRUW RRN DDQGDFKW DDQ SV\FKLVFKHRQJH]RQGKHLG JHPHWHQYROJHQV JHQHULHNHPDWHQHQKHWGDDUPHH YHUZDQWH RQGHUZHUSYDQGHFRPRUELGLWHLW 8LWJDQJVSXQW ELM GH EHVFKULMYLQJ YDQ GH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YRUPW KHW '\QDPLVFKH 6WUHVV.ZHWVEDDUKHLGVPRGHO '6.PRGHO

(99) +HW PRGHO JHHIW DDQ µKRH¶ SHUVRRQ RPJHYLQJ HQ JHEHXUWHQLVVHQ HONDDU HQ KHW ULVLFR RS SV\FKLVFKH RQJH]RQGKHLG EHwQYORHGHQ ]LHILJXXU

(100) (UYDULQJHQHQJHGUDJ. RPJHYLQJV FRQWUROH. 3V\FKRELRORJLVFKH .ZHWVEDDUKHLG (QGRJHQH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ

(101) . . JHQHWLVFKHIDFWRUHQ SHUVRRQOLMNKHLGV NHQPHUNHQ VRPDWLVFKHIDFWRUHQ SHULQDWDOHSUREOHPHQ OLFKDPHOLMNH]LHNWHQ. 72(9$/ KDQGHOLQJV UXLPWH. JHEHXUWHQLVVHQ REMHFWLHYHNHQPHUNHQ

(102) EHWHNHQLVYHUOHQLQJ. SHUFHSWLHYDQYHUOLHV GUHLJLQJHWF FRSLQJ. 3V\FKLVFKH RQ

(103) JH]RQGKHLG )LJXXU+HW'\QDPLVFKH6WUHVV.ZHWVEDDUKHLGVPRGHO. 6RFLDOHRII\VLHNH .ZHWVEDDUKHLG ([RJHQH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ

(104) . . FRQIOLFWXHX]H

(105) JH]LQVVLWXDWLH VRFLDDOHFRQRPLVFKH VWDWXV YHUVWHGHOLMNLQJ VRFLDOHVWHXQ I\VLHNHIDFWRUHQ.

(106) SDJYDQ. 5,90UDSSRUW±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

(107) +HW]LMQPHWQDPHGHVWUHVVYROOHJHEHXUWHQLVVHQGLHELMNZHWVEDUHSHUVRQHQWRW SV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQNXQQHQOHLGHQ :pONH JHEHXUWHQLVVHQ LHPDQG PHHPDDNW ZRUGW QDDVW WRHYDO EHSDDOG GRRU IDFWRUHQLQGHVRFLDOHRPJHYLQJ GHKDQGHOLQJVUXLPWH

(108) HQKHWYHUPRJHQYDQLHPDQGRP ELM HHQ JHJHYHQ KDQGHOLQJVUXLPWH EHSDDOGH RPVWDQGLJKHGHQ WH UHDOLVHUHQ RI WH YHUPLMGHQ RPJHYLQJVFRQWUROH

(109) 8LWJDDQGHYDQERYHQJHVFKHWVWHXLWJDQJVSXQWHQJHHIW2UPHOHWDOHHQRYHU]LFKW YDQ GH KXLGLJH NHQQLV RPWUHQW GH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQJH]RQGKHLG JHEDVHHUGRSOLWHUDWXXUXLWGHSHULRGH ]LH GHHO%

(110) 'HYROJHQGH JURHSHQ YDQ GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YHHODO DINRPVWLJ XLW KHW '6.PRGHO ]LH ILJXXU

(111) ]LMQ VWHHGV V\VWHPDWLVFKEHVFKUHYHQ /HHIWLMG HQ JHVODFKW GH]H GHPRJUDILVFKH IDFWRUHQ GRRU 979 PHHVWDO QLHW DOV GHWHUPLQDQWHQ DDQJHPHUNW

(112) ZRUGHQ DSDUW EHVFKRXZG RPGDW ]LM YHUZLM]HQ QDDU ]RZHOVRPDWLVFKHSV\FKRELRORJLVFKHDOVVRFLDOHNHQPHUNHQYDQKHWLQGLYLGX )DFWRUHQ GLH GH SV\FKRELRORJLVFKH NZHWVEDDUKHLG EHSDOHQ KLHURQGHU YDOOHQ JHQHWLVFKHIDFWRUHQSHUVRRQVNHQPHUNHQ JHUHPGKHLGVRFLDOHYDDUGLJKHLGHWF

(113) HQ VRPDWLVFKHIDFWRUHQ]RDOVOLFKDPHOLMNH]LHNWHQ )DFWRUHQGLHGHVRFLDOHHQI\VLHNHNZHWVEDDUKHLGEHSDOHQ]RDOVJH]LQVVLWXDWLH6(6 HWQLFLWHLWVRFLDOHVWHXQYHUVWHGHOLMNLQJHQKRHYHHOKHLGGDJOLFKWSHUHWPDDO 6WUHVVYROOH OHYHQVJHEHXUWHQLVVHQ 'H]H ]LMQ RQGHUYHUGHHOG LQ HUYDULQJHQ PHW HHQ PHHU FKURQLVFK HIIHFW ELMYRRUEHHOG MHXJGWUDXPD¶V

(114) HQ PHW HHQ PHHU DFXXW HIIHFW JHEHXUWHQLVVHQRSKHWZHUNJHERRUWHYHUOLHVHUYDULQJHQ

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ppQ RI PHHU VWRRUQLVVHQ LV YRRU YHHO YDQ GH]H GHWHUPLQDQWHQ HFKWHU QRJ RQYROGRHQGH (HQ DDQWDO YHUVFKLOOHQGH]DNHQKHEEHQKLHUWRHELMJHGUDJHQ HQ]XOOHQGDWVRPVRRNLQGHWRHNRPVW QRJ GRHQ

(116) 7HQ HHUVWH KHW UHHGV HHUGHU JHQRHPGH IHLW GDW KHW HSLGHPLRORJLVFK RQGHU]RHN QDDU SV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQQRJPDDUHHQNRUWHKLVWRULHNHQW2QGHU]RHNVUHVXOWDWHQPHWYHHO 'HWHUPHQGLVWDDOHQSUR[LPDDOYHUZLM]HQQDDUGHOHQJWHYDQKHWLQWHUYDOWXVVHQKHWWLMGVWLSZDDURS EORRWVWHOOLQJDDQGHGHWHUPLQDQWSODDWVYLQGWHQKHWRQWVWDDQYDQGHSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLV UHVSHFWLHYHOLMN ODQJELMHHQGLVWDOHHQNRUWHUELMHHQSUR[LPDOHGHWHUPLQDQW

(117) .

(118) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. EHZLMVNUDFKW ELMYRRUEHHOG XLW SURVSHFWLHI RQGHU]RHN ]LMQ VFKDDUV 'DDUQDDVW LV HU KHW SUREOHHP YDQGHGLDJQRVWLHNYDQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQ'HEHSHUNWHEHWURXZEDDUKHLG YDQ GH JHOGHQGH GLDJQRVWLVFKH FULWHULD YRRU SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ HQ GH YHOH YHUDQGHULQJHQ LQ GH DIJHORSHQ GHFHQQLD LQ GH FODVVLILFDWLH GDDUYDQ EHPRHLOLMNHQ GH RSERXZYDQHHQ HHQGXLGLJH

(119) µERG\RIHYLGHQFH¶HUQVWLJ7HQGHUGHKHHIWGLWWHPDNHQ PHW GHFRQWH[WDIKDQNHOLMNKHLGYDQKHWHIIHFWYDQYHOH SV\FKRVRFLDOH

(120) GHWHUPLQDQWHQ%LM GHWHUPLQDQWHQ ]RDOV ZHUNORRVKHLG HFKWVFKHLGLQJ HQ DUPRHGH EHSDDOW GH GRRU KHW LQGLYLGXWRHJHNHQGHEHWHNHQLV HQKHWGDDURSYROJHQGHFRSLQJJHGUDJ

(121) PHGHKHWHIIHFWRS GH SV\FKLVFKH JH]RQGKHLG 'HWHUPLQDQWHQ KHEEHQ KLHUGRRU YDDN ZHLQLJ RS ]LFK]HOI VWDDQGH EHWHNHQLV YRRU KHW RQWVWDDQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQJH]RQGKHLG PDDU PRHWHQ LQ LQWHUDFWLH PHW DQGHUH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ ZRUGHQ EHVFKRXZG +HW ]DO GXLGHOLMN ]LMQ GDW GLW SXQWKHWGRHQYDQHSLGHPLRORJLVFKRQGHU]RHNH[WUDODVWLJPDDNW (HQ ODDWVWH NHQPHUN YDQ KHW '\QDPLVFKH 6WUHVV.ZHWVEDDUKHLGVPRGHO LV GH ZLVVHOZHUNLQJLQGHWLMGGLHEHVWDDWWXVVHQGH IDFWRUHQLQKHWPRGHO3V\FKRELRORJLVFKH NHQPHUNHQHQVRFLDOHRPJHYLQJEHwQYORHGHQ]RDOVJH]HJGKHWDOGDQQLHWRSWUHGHQYDQ JHEHXUWHQLVVHQ PDDU RRN KHW GDDURSYROJHQGH JHGUDJ PHW QDPH GH SURFHVVHQ YDQ EHWHNHQLVYHUOHQLQJHQFRSLQJ

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sOH DDQGRHQLQJHQ ,Q WDEHO ]LMQ GH UHVXOWDWHQ ]RDOV JHSUHVHQWHHUG LQ GH ELMGUDJH YDQ 2UPHO HW DO NRUW VDPHQJHYDW YRRU GH DI]RQGHUOLMNH GHWHUPLQDQW JURHS

(123) HQ 'HUHVXOWDWHQYDQKHWOLWHUDWXXURQGHU]RHNEOLMNHQEHSHUNWLQ]LFKWWHJHYHQLQGH RQGHUOLQJH YHUEDQGHQ WXVVHQ GH EHVSURNHQ GHWHUPLQDQWHQ +HW RQGHU]RHN QDDU GH FDXVDOH NHWHQV LQ GH HWLRORJLH YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ YROJHQV KHW YRRUJHVWHOGH '6.PRGHO

(124) EOLMNW QRJ LQ GH NLQGHUVFKRHQHQ WH VWDDQ 2S EDVLV YDQ GH EHVFKLNEDUH JHJHYHQV FRQFOXGHHUW 2UPHO GDW YHHO GHWHUPLQDQWHQ ZDDUVFKLMQOLMN GHHO XLWPDNHQ YDQ FDXVDOH NHWHQV PHW JHQHWLVFKH EHODVWLQJ HHQ RQJXQVWLJ WHPSHUDPHQW HQ WUDXPDWLVFKH MHXJG

(125) HUYDULQJHQ YDDN DOV HHUVWH VFKDNHOV 'DDUQD YROJHQ GH µULVNDQWH¶ SHUVRRQOLMNKHLGVWUHNNHQ OHLGHQG WRW EUHXNHQ LQ GH RSOHLGLQJ HQ UHODWLHYRUPLQJ FKURQLVFKH LQWHUSHUVRRQOLMNH HQ ZHUNJHUHODWHHUGH PRHLOLMNKHGHQ HQ HHQ ODJH 6(6 7HQVORWWH ]LMQ GH PHHU DFXWH VWUHVVYROOH OHYHQVJHEHXUWHQLVVHQ GH GHILQLWLHYH GXZ LQ ULFKWLQJYDQKHWRQWVWDDQYDQGHVWRRUQLV6RFLDOHIDFWRUHQYRUPHQHHQULVLFRRIELHGHQ MXLVW EHVFKHUPLQJ GRRU KXQ LQYORHG RS LHPDQGV µYHHUNUDFKW¶ HQ RS GH KDQGHOLQJVUXLPWH.

(126) SDJYDQ. 5,90UDSSRUW±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µLQWHUQDOLVHUHQGH¶ VWRRUQLVVHQ ZDDURQGHU VWHPPLQJV HQ DQJVWVWRRUQLVVHQ NRPHQYDNHUYRRUELMYURXZHQGHH[WHUQDOLVHUHQGHVWRRUQLVVHQ YHUVODYLQJHQ HQLQPLQGHUHPDWHVXwFLGH

(127) ELMPDQQHQ (ULVRYHUWXLJHQGHEHZLMVODVWYRRUHHQGXLGHOLMNHELMGUDJHELMKHWRQWVWDDQYDQ ELSRODLUHVWRRUQLVHQVFKL]RIUHQLH+HWYHUEDQGLVPLQGHUVWHUNHQGHEHZLMVODVW ]ZDNNHU YRRU DQJVW VWHPPLQJV HQ VRPDWRIRUPH VWRRUQLVVHQ HQ YRRU PLVEUXLN HQ DIKDQNHOLMNKHLG YDQ PLGGHOHQ 2QEHNHQG LV RRN KRH VWHUN GH ELMGUDJHLVDDQVXwFLGHZDQQHHUJHFRUULJHHUG]RXZRUGHQYRRUGHELMGUDJHYDQ JHQHWLVFKHIDFWRUHQDDQDQGHUHSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQGLHYDDNDDQZH]LJ]LMQ ELMSHUVRQHQGLHVXwFLGHSOHJHQ 5HODWLHI JRHG RQGHUERXZG LV GH LQYORHG YDQ SHUVRRQVNHQPHUNHQ ]RDOV HHQ JHUHPGH RI QHXURWLVFKH SHUVRRQOLMNKHLG HQ LPSXOVLYLWHLW RI K\SHUDFWLYLWHLW RS KHWRQWVWDDQYDQGHSUHVVLHPDDURRNRSDQJVWVWRRUQLVVHQHQYHUVODYLQJHQLQ PLQGHUHPDWHVRPDWRIRUPHVWRRUQLVVHQ 5HGHOLMNH EHZLMVODVW YRRU GH URO YDQ FRPSOLFDWLHV ELM ]ZDQJHUVFKDS HQ JHERRUWHDOVPHGHGH GDDUDDQPHGHJHUHODWHHUGH

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

(129) SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ JHJHYHQ HHQ]HNHUHNZHWVEDDUKHLG(U]LMQHFKWHUPDDUEHSHUNWHDDQZLM]LQJHQGDWHHQ VSHFLILHNW\SHVWUHVVYROOHJHEHXUWHQLVYHUEDQGKRXGWPHWKHWRQWVWDDQYDQHHQ EHSDDOGH VWRRUQLV 'H PHHVWH EHZLMVODVW LQ GLW YHUEDQG LV YRRU YHUOLHVHUYDULQJHQHQGHSUHVVLH. 'HELMGUDJHYDQYHUVFKLOOHQGHGHWHUPLQDQWHQDDQGHJHHVWHOLMNHYRONVJH]RQGKHLG :DW YDOW HU QX WH ]HJJHQ RYHU GH ELMGUDJH YDQ LQGLYLGXHOH RI JURHSHQ YDQ

(130) GH]H GHWHUPLQDQWHQ DDQ GH SV\FKLVFKH RQ

(131) JH]RQGKHLG LQ GH EHYRONLQJ DQGHUV JH]HJG GH JHHVWHOLMNH YRONVJH]RQGKHLG LQ 1HGHUODQG" 'H ELMGUDJH YDQ HHQ GHWHUPLQDQW KDQJW EHKDOYHYDQGHVWHUNWHYDQKHWYHUEDQGPHW HHQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLV GHKRRJWHYDQKHW UHODWLHI ULVLFR

(132) RRN VDPHQ PHW KHW DDQWDO VWRRUQLVVHQ ZDDUELM GLH GHWHUPLQDQW HHQ URO VSHHOW (HQNZDQWLWDWLHYHVFKDWWLQJYDQGHELMGUDJHYDQVSHFLILHNHGHWHUPLQDQWHQDDQGH JHHVWHOLMNH YRONVJH]RQGKHLG HQ GDDUPHH YDQ GH SRWHQWLHHO WH EHKDOHQ JH]RQGKHLGV ZLQVW

(133) LVYRRUORSLJQRJQLHWPRJHOLMN'LWKHHIWDOOHVWHPDNHQPHWGHUHHGVJHVFKHWVWH EHSHUNWH EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG YDQ GH EHQRGLJGH RQGHU]RHNVJHJHYHQV (HQ PHHU . 2RNGHSUHYDOHQWLHYDQHHQGHWHUPLQDQWLQGHSRSXODWLHLVHHQEHSDOHQGHIDFWRUYRRUGHELMGUDJHDDQGH ]LHNWHODVW'H]HLVKLHUHFKWHUEXLWHQEHVFKRXZLQJJHODWHQRPGDWYRRUHHQJURRWDDQWDOGHWHUPLQDQWHQ KLHURYHURSSRSXODWLHQLYHDX]HOGHQRIQRRLWJHJHYHQVYHU]DPHOG]LMQ DVSHFWHQYDQWHPSHUDPHQWRI FRSLQJVWLMOHQ

(134) RIRPGDWKHWEHJULSSUHYDOHQWLHRQ]LQQLJLV UDPSHQ

(135) .

(136) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. NZDOLWDWLHYHGXLGLQJYDQGHELMGUDJHYDQHHQDDQWDOGHWHUPLQDQWHQLVZpOWHJHYHQ9RRU GH YROJHQGH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ NRPW XLW GH OLWHUDWXXUDQDO\VH QDDU YRUHQ GDW ]LM PHHUGHUH EHODQJULMNH

(137) VWRRUQLVVHQ EHwQYORHGHQ DOV PHGH KHW QLYHDX YDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQJH]RQGKHLG JHPHWHQ YROJHQV JHQHULHNH PDWHQ HHQ SHUVRRQOLMNKHLG JHNHQPHUNW GRRU H[FHVVLHYH

(138) JHUHPGKHLG HQ QHXURWLFLVPH GRRU LPSXOVLYLWHLW RI GRRU FRJQLWLHYH HQ VRFLDDOFRPPXQLFDWLHYH EHSHUNLQJHQ LQFOXVLHI GH KLHUYRRU PHGHYHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNH JHQHQ

(139) WUDXPDWLVFKH HUYDULQJHQ LQ GH MHXJG HHQ ODJH 6(6 HQ GH GDDUPHH VDPHQKDQJHQGHJURWHUHNDQVRSILQDQFLsOHSUREOHPHQJH]LQVFRQIOLFWHQHQEORRWVWHOOLQJ DDQULVLFRYROOHVLWXDWLHV ]RDOVJHZHOG

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

(141) SV\FKLVFKHJH]RQGKHLG ,Q GH GRRU KHW 7ULPERVLQVWLWXXW XLWJHYRHUGH OLWHUDWXXUVWXGLH QDDU GH HIIHFWHQ YDQ SUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVRS GHWHUPLQDQWHQYDQ

(142) SV\FKLVFKHJH]RQGKHLG ]LHGHHO%

(143) LV RQGHU]RFKW RI KHW PRJHOLMN LV RP PHW EHKXOS YDQ SUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV GH GHWHUPLQDQWHQHQSUHYDOHQWLHYDQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQHQNODFKWHQWHEHwQYORHGHQ 'H VWXGLH KHHIW ]LFK EHSHUNW WRW YROZDVVHQHQ RPGDW KHW JHKHOH YHOG LQFOXVLHI NLQGHUHQ HQ MHXJGLJHQ

(144) WH RPYDQJULMN HQ WH KHWHURJHHQ LV 9HHO RQGHU]RHN QDDU GHWHUPLQDQWHQLVXLWJHYRHUGELMYROZDVVHQHQHQLQWHUYHQWLHVULFKWHQ]LFKYDDNH[SOLFLHW RS GH]HGHWHUPLQDQWHQ 2SEDVLVYDQUHHGVXLWJHYRHUGHOLWHUDWXXUVWXGLHVQDDUSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVLV JHNR]HQ RP GH RQGHUVWDDQGH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ QDGHU WH RQGHU]RHNHQ LQ GH YHUZDFKWLQJ GDW YRRUGH]HGHWHUPLQDQWHQYROGRHQGHRQGHU]RHNYRRUKDQGHQ]RX]LMQ (QGRJHQHIDFWRUHQ SV\FKRELRORJLVFKHIDFWRUHQ

(145) HLJHQHIIHFWLYLWHLW VHOIHIILFDF\

(146) VRFLDOHYDDUGLJKHGHQ ([RJHQHIDFWRUHQ VRFLDOHNZHWVEDDUKHLGVIDFWRUHQ

(147) VRFLDOHVWHXQ LQJULMSHQGHJHEHXUWHQLVVHQRIVWUHVVRUHQ KHW ]RUJHQYRRUHHQIDPLOLHOLGPHWHHQSV\FKLDWULVFKHDDQGRHQLQJ . +LHUZRUGWJHGRHOGRSGHQLHWVWRRUQLVVSHFLILHNH GLPHQVLRQHOH

(148) EHQDGHULQJZDDUELMDDQLHGHULQGLYLGX HHQVFRUHYRRUSV\FKLVFKH RQ

(149) JH]RQGKHLGZRUGWWRHJHNHQGRSEDVLVYDQV\PSWRRPYUDJHQOLMVWHQDOVGH *+4 ]LHYHUGHUGHHO%SDUDJUDDI

(150) 9HUWURXZHQGDWHHQSHUVRRQKHHIWLQ]LMQKDDUHLJHQNXQQHQDDQJDDQGHKHWXLWYRHUHQYDQHHQEHSDDOG JHGUDJ.

(151) SDJYDQ. 5,90UDSSRUW±GHHO$. YHUOLHVYDQHHQQDDVWHGRRUGHGRRG ZHUNORRVKHLG KHW ]RUJHQYRRUHHQKXOSEHKRHYHQGHRXGHUHLQGHQDDVWHRPJHYLQJ 'HJHJHYHQVRYHUGHHIIHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLHELQQHQGH**=]LMQPHHVWDODINRPVWLJXLW LQWHUYHQWLHV GLH ]LMQ JHULFKW RS KHW EHwQYORHGHQ YDQ GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH JH]RQGKHLG ]RDOV KHW YHUPLQGHUHQ YDQ GH JHYROJHQ YDQ LQJULMSHQGH OHYHQVJHEHXUWHQLVVHQ YRRU GH JHHVWHOLMNH JH]RQGKHLG

(152) HQ KHW YHUPLQGHUHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH NODFKWHQ (U ]LMQ QDXZHOLMNV JHJHYHQV EHVFKLNEDDU RYHU HIIHFWHQ YDQ GHUJHOLMNHLQWHUYHQWLHVRSKHWGDDGZHUNHOLMNRQWVWDDQYDQ SV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQ 9DQZHJH KHW EHSHUNWH DDQWDO GHWHUPLQDQWHQ GDW LV RQGHU]RFKW NDQ JHHQ DOJHPHHQ JHOGHQGH XLWVSUDDN ZRUGHQ JHGDDQ RYHU GH EHwQYORHGEDDUKHLG YDQ GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH JH]RQGKHLG 'RRU HQNHOH NDGHUWHNVWHQ RS WH QHPHQ ZDDULQ RRNDQGHUHDVSHFWHQYDQSUHYHQWLH YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ HQ NODFKWHQ DDQ ERGNRPHQLVJHwOOXVWUHHUGGDWKHWSUHYHQWLHYHOGHQKHWSUHYHQWLHRQGHU]RHNEUHGHU]LMQ GDQ GHEHQDGHULQJGLHLQGH]HVWXGLHJHYROJGLV ,Q KHW RYHU]LFKW LV JHEUXLN JHPDDNW YDQ JHFRQWUROHHUGH HQ ]R PRJHOLMN JHUDQGRPLVHHUGHHIIHFWVWXGLHV 5&7¶V

(153) 'HUJHOLMNHVWXGLHVNDQPHQEHVFKRXZHQDOVGH JRXGHQ VWDQGDDUG RP HIIHFWHQ YDQ LQWHUYHQWLHV WH RQGHU]RHNHQ 'DW ZLO HFKWHU QLHW ]HJJHQ GDW DQGHUH RQGHU]RHNVGHVLJQV YRRU KHW YDVWVWHOOHQ YDQ HHQ HIIHFW YDQ JHHQ HQNHOH ZDDUGH ]LMQ %LM GH RQWZLNNHOLQJ YDQ LQWHUYHQWLHV HQ ELM LPSOHPHQWDWLH RQGHU]RHN LV PHW QDPH RRN NZDOLWDWLHI HYDOXDWLHRQGHU]RHN ZDDUGHYRO RQGHU DQGHUH RP LQ]LFKW WH JHYHQ LQ VXFFHVIDFWRUHQ HQ NQHOSXQWHQ ELM SUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV HQ GDDUPHHGHNDQVRSLPSOHPHQWDWLHYDQHIIHFWLHYHSURJUDPPD¶VWHEHYRUGHUHQ (HQ DOJHPHQH FRQFOXVLH YDQ &XLMSHUV HW DO LV GDW LQ KHW RQGHU]RHNVYHOG YHHO VWXGLHVQLHWJRHG]LMQRSJH]HWHQRQYROGRHQGHGDWDSUHVHQWHUHQRPKDUGHXLWVSUDNHQWH NXQQHQGRHQRYHUHIIHFWHQ2QGDQNVGHEHSHUNLQJHQJHHIWKHWGRRUKHQJHSUHVHQWHHUGH VWDWHRIWKHDUWRYHU]LFKWZHODDQZLM]LQJHQYRRUKHWEHDQWZRRUGHQYDQGHYDQWHYRUHQ JHGHILQLHHUGHYUDDJVWHOOLQJHQ ]LHWDEHO

(154) . $OPHWDOLVKHWYHOGYDQSUHYHQWLHYDQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQHQKHWEHwQYORHGHQYDQ GHWHUPLQDQWHQYDQSV\FKLVFKHJH]RQGKHLGQRJVOHFKWVLQJHULQJHPDWHRQGHU]RFKW9HHO EHODQJULMNH YUDJHQ ]LMQ QRJ QLHW WH EHDQWZRRUGHQ (U ]LMQ JHHQ GHILQLWLHYH FRQFOXVLHV PRJHOLMN RYHU GH SUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV GLH KHW PHHVW YHHOEHORYHQG ]LMQ RI RYHU GH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ GLH PHW EHKXOS YDQ LQWHUYHQWLHV KHW EHVW EHwQYORHGEDDU ]LMQ +HW OLMNW HFKWHU DDQQHPHOLMN GDW PHW QDPH GtH LQWHUYHQWLHV YHHOEHORYHQG ]LMQ GLH RS PHHUGHUH GHWHUPLQDQWHQ WHJHOLMN DDQJULMSHQ 'LW VOXLW WHYHQV DDQ ELM KHW PRGHO ]RDOV JHSUHVHQWHHUGLQGHHO%YDQ GLWUDSSRUWHQGHUHVXOWDWHQYDQGHOLWHUDWXXUDQDO\VHGLHHU RS ZLM]HQGDWLQWHUDFWLHVWXVVHQGHWHUPLQDQWHQHHQEHODQJULMNHUROVSHOHQLQGHHWLRORJLH YDQ VWRRUQLVVHQ=R]LMQYHHOSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHV]RZHOJHULFKWRSHHQLQJULMSHQGH OHYHQVJHEHXUWHQLV RI FKURQLVFKH VWUHVVRU DOV RS FRSLQJYDDUGLJKHGHQ RI VRFLDOH VWHXQ %LM GH YHUGHUH RQWZLNNHOLQJ YDQ SUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV LV KHW GDQ RRN YDQ JURRW EHODQJWHRQGHU]RHNHQRSZHONH FRPELQDWLHYDQ

(155) GHWHUPLQDQWHQKHWEHVWHDDQJHJUHSHQ NDQ ZRUGHQ.

(156) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. 7DEHO6DPHQYDWWLQJYDQGHEHYLQGLQJHQWHQDDQ]LHQYDQSUHYHQWLHYDQ GHWHUPLQDQWHQYDQ

(157) SV\FKLVFKHJH]RQGKHLG 9UDDJ .XQQHQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVGH FRQVHTXHQWLHVYDQLQJULMSHQGH OHYHQVJHEHXUWHQLVVHQRIVWUHVVRUHQ YRRUGHJHHVWHOLMNHJH]RQGKHLG EHSHUNHQ" .XQQHQSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHVGH HUYDUHQVRFLDOHVWHXQYHUEHWHUHQ" .XQQHQSUHYHQWLHLQWHUYHQWLHV SHUVRRQVNHQPHUNHQLQKHWELM]RQ GHUHLJHQHIIHFWLYLWHLWEHwQYORHGHQ" :DWLVKHWHIIHFWYDQSUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHVRSV\PSWRPHQYDQ HUQVWLJHSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQ". %HYLQGLQJHQ 9RRU HQNHOH OHYHQVJHEHXUWHQLVVHQ HQ VWUHVVRUHQ EOLMNHQ SUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV LQ VWDDW RP GH]H FRQVHTXHQWLHV WH YHUPLQGHUHQ 'XLGHOLMN EHwQYORHGEDDU ]LMQ GH FRQVHTXHQWLHV YDQ KHW ]RUJHQ YRRU HHQ SV\FKLDWULVFK ]LHN IDPLOLHOLG $DQZLM]LQJHQ YRRU EHwQYORHGEDDUKHLG ]LMQ JHYRQGHQ YRRU URXZ HQ ZHUNORRVKHLG 'H FRQVHTXHQWLHV YDQ KHW ]RUJHQ YRRU HHQ KXOSEHKRHYHQG RXGHU IDPLOLHOLG OLMNHQ RS GLW PRPHQW QRJ QLHW JRHG WH EHwQYORHGHQ 'H]HYUDDJLVPRHLOLMNWHEHDQWZRRUGHQYDQZHJHKHWNOHLQDDQWDOVWXGLHVGDW YROGHHGDDQGHLQFOXVLHFULWHULD 'H]H YUDDJ LV YRRU]LFKWLJ SRVLWLHI EHDQWZRRUG (U ZHUG HHQ NOHLQ PDDU VLJQLILFDQWHIIHFWYDQLQWHUYHQWLHVJHYRQGHQ 2YHUKHWHIIHFWYDQSUHYHQWLHYDQVFKL]RIUHQLHVRPDWLVHULQJHQVXwFLGHEOHHN QLHWV WH YLQGHQ WH ]LMQ 3UHYHQWLH YDQ GHSUHVVLH HQ DQJVWVWRRUQLVVHQ LV LQ PHHUGHUHVWXGLHVRQGHU]RFKWPDDUGHUHVXOWDWHQ]LMQQRJQLHWHHQGXLGLJ:DW EHWUHIW SRVWWUDXPDWLVFKH VWUHVVVWRRUQLVVHQ ZHUG JHHQ HIIHFW JHYRQGHQ (HQ DDQWDOVSHFLILHNHUHSUHYHQWLHYHLQWHUYHQWLHV]LMQXLWYRHULJHUEHVWXGHHUG SUHYHQWLH YDQ GUXJJHEUXLN YLD VFKRROSURJUDPPD¶V EOLMNW YROGRHQGH HIIHFWLHIRPRYHUWHJDDQWRWODQGHOLMNHLPSOHPHQWDWLH GDW]HOIGHJHOGWYRRUVHFXQGDLUHSUHYHQWLHYDQGHSUHVVLHELMRXGHUHQ LQWHUYHQWLHV JHULFKW RS IDPLOLHOHGHQ YDQ SV\FKLDWULVFKH SDWLsQWHQ OLMNHQ HIIHFWLHILQKHWYRRUNyPHQYDQRYHUEHODVWLQJVWUHVVHQDQJVW YHHOEHORYHQG OLMNHQ JHwQGLFHHUGH SUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV JHULFKW RS SHUVRQHQ GLH UHHGV HQLJH V\PSWRPHQ YDQ HHQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLV YHUWRQHQ ,QGLHQ GH]H LQWHUYHQWLHV JHEDVHHUG ]LMQ RS NHQQLV RYHU GHWHUPLQDQWHQ YDQ GH]H VWRRUQLVVHQ HQ YRRUWERXZHQ RS NHQQLV RYHU EHKDQGHOLQJ YDQ GH]H VWRRUQLVVHQ NXQQHQ ]LM RS HIIHFWLHYH ZLM]H KHW RQWVWDDQ YDQ QLHXZH VWRRUQLVVHQ YRRUNyPHQ 6WRRUQLVVHQ ZDDU YHHO NHQQLVRYHUGHEHKDQGHOLQJEHVFKLNEDDULV]RDOVDQJVWHQGHSUHVVLHYH VWRRUQLVVHQ NXQQHQ LQ HHQ YURHJ VWDGLXP DDQJHSDNW ZRUGHQ ]RGDW FKURQLFLWHLW YRRUNyPHQ ZRUGW %LM MRQJHUH OHHIWLMGVJURHSHQ ZHUGHQ KLHUYRRUDOYHHOEHORYHQGHYRRUEHHOGHQJHYRQGHQ. %HDQWZRRUGPHWEHKXOSYDQHHUGHUGRRUKHW7ULPERVLQVWLWXXWXLWJHYRHUGHOLWHUDWXXUVWXGLHV ]LH NDGHUWHNVWHQLQGHHO%

(158) .

(159) SDJYDQ. . 5,90UDSSRUW±GHHO$. %HOHLGVDQDO\VH. (HQ RYHU]LFKW YDQ KHW KXLGLJH ODQGHOLMN HQ UHJLRQDDO EHOHLG WHQ DDQ]LHQ YDQ SUHYHQWLH YDQ SV\FKLVFKH RQJH]RQGKHLG ZRUGW RQGHU DQGHUH JHJHYHQ LQ KHW RQWZLNNHOLQJVSODQ SUHYHQWLH JHHVWHOLMNH YRONVJH]RQGKHLG HQ YHUVODYLQJHQ µ+LQN6WDS6SURQJ¶ 'HNNHU

(160) ,Q GH DIJHORSHQ MDDU ]LMQ VWHHGV PHHU LQVWHOOLQJHQ DFWLHI JHZRUGHQ RS KHW WHUUHLQ YDQ SUHYHQWLHYH **= 9DQ RXGVKHU EHVFKLNNHQ 5,$**¶V HQ &$'¶V RYHU GHVNXQGLJHQ GLH JHVFKRROG ]LMQ LQ SUHYHQWLH 'H QDGUXN OLJW ELM GH]H LQVWHOOLQJHQ RS DFWLYLWHLWHQ RS JHOHLGH YDQ HHQ YULMZLOOLJH LQGLYLGXHOH KXOSYUDDJ 7HQ DDQ]LHQ YDQ GH YHUVODYLQJVSUHYHQWLHZRUGWJHVFKDWGDWGH&$'¶VPRPHQWHHOFLUFDYDQKXQEXGJHW DDQSUHYHQWLHDFWLYLWHLWHQEHVWHGHQ'DDUELMLVHHQYHUVFKXLYLQJPHUNEDDUYDQDOJHPHQH YRRUOLFKWLQJQDDUDFWLYLWHLWHQJHULFKWRSULVLFRJURHSHQ **=1HGHUODQG

(161) 8LWKHW HHUVWH EUDQFKHUDSSRUW *HHVWHOLMNH *H]RQGKHLGV]RUJ **= 1HGHUODQG

(162) EOLMNW GDW GH 5,$**¶VRQGDQNVGHWRHQHPHQGHZDFKWOLMVWHQYRRUEHKDQGHOLQJKXQLQYHVWHULQJLQ SUHYHQWLHDFWLYLWHLWHQRSHHQ]HOIGHQLYHDXZHWHQWHKRXGHQ%OLMNEDDUKHFKWHQ5,$**¶V YHHOZDDUGHDDQSUHYHQWLHDFWLYLWHLWHQ +HW]ZDDUWHSXQWYDQGHSUHYHQWLHRQWZLNNHOLQJKHHIWWRWKHWEHJLQYDQGHMDUHQ ¶ YRRUDO LQ GH UHJLR¶V JHOHJHQ 'H]H SOXULIRUPLWHLW KHHIW GH RQWZLNNHOLQJ YDQ SUHYHQWLH EHYRUGHUG PDDU HU RRN WRH JHOHLG GDW GH SUHYHQWLHSUDNWLMN YHUVQLSSHUG LV JHEOHYHQ 3UHYHQWLH KHHIW ]LFK QRJ RQYROGRHQGH WRW HHQ NUDFKWLJ EHOHLGVLQVWUXPHQW NXQQHQRQWZLNNHOHQ **=1HGHUODQG

(163) %LQQHQ GH **'¶HQ YHUYXOW GH MHXJGJH]RQGKHLGV]RUJ YDQRXGVKHU WDNHQ RS KHW WHUUHLQ YDQGHSUHYHQWLH6LQGV]LMQGH**'¶HQ]LFKRQGHULQYORHGYDQGH:HWRS GH FROOHFWLHYH SUHYHQWLH QRJ VSHFLILHNHU PHW GH SV\FKRK\JLsQH JDDQ EH]LJKRXGHQ YRRUDO YLD VFKRROJHULFKWH SURJUDPPD¶V HQ SURJUDPPD¶V YRRU RXGHUHQ =LM JHYHQ XLWYRHULQJ DDQ GH 2SHQEDUH *HHVWHOLMNH *H]RQGKHLGV]RUJ DFWLYLWHLWHQ JHULFKW RS KHW EHYRUGHUHQ YDQ GH JHHVWHOLMNH YRONVJH]RQGKHLG QLHW RS JHOHLGH YDQ HHQ LQGLYLGXHOH KXOSYUDDJ

(164) GLH WRW KHW SDNNHW YDQ YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNKHGHQ YRRU GH ORNDOH RYHUKHGHQ JHPHHQWHQ

(165) EHKRRUW 9:6

(166) 2RNGHKXLVDUWVNULMJWHHQVWHHGVEHODQJULMNHUURORSKHWJHELHGYDQSUHYHQWLH,Q GH 9:6QRWD µ*H]RQG HQ ZHO¶

(167) ZHUG GH LQYRHULQJ YDQ SURJUDPPDWLVFKH SUHYHQWLHLQGHKXLVDUWVHQSUDNWLMNDOVppQYDQGHEHOHLGVSULRULWHLWHQJHQRHPG1LHWWHPLQ EOLMYHQLQGHKXLVDUWVHQSUDNWLMNDOFRKROPLVEUXLNHQGHSUHVVLHRQGHUJHGLDJQRVWLVHHUGHQ RQGHUEHKDQGHOG0RJHOLMN]LMQRYHUEHODVWLQJHHQJHEUHNDDQ GLDJQRVWLVFKH

(168) NHQQLVHQ HUYDULQJ HQ KHW DFKWHUZHJH EOLMYHQ YDQ HHQ DGHTXDWH YHUJRHGLQJ YRRU GH KXLVDUWVHQ IDFWRUHQ GLH KLHUELM HHQ URO VSHOHQ HYHQDOV KHW WHNRUW DDQ RQGHUVWHXQLQJ YDQXLW GH UHJLRQDOH**=HQYHUVODYLQJV]RUJ 'HNNHU

(169) &DWHJRUDOH RUJDQLVDWLHV SDWLsQWHQYHUHQLJLQJHQ SHGDJRJLVFKH FHQWUD DUER GLHQVWHQ HWF

(170) YHUYXOOHQHHQVWHHGVDFWLHYHUHUROLQGHSUHYHQWLH'LWURHSWGHEHKRHIWHRS DDQRQGHUOLQJHDIVWHPPLQJYDQWDNHQHQVDPHQZHUNLQJRPHHQGRHOPDWLJJHEUXLNYDQ GH EHVFKLNEDUH PLGGHOHQ YHLOLJ WH VWHOOHQ +RVPDQ *HHOHQ

(171) +HW 7ULPERV LQVWLWXXWHQKHW1,*=KHEEHQLQGHSHULRGHFDPSDJQHVRSJH]HWURQGWKHPD¶V DOVµ+DVMHQ:HHG¶HQµ'UDQNPDDNWPHHUNDSRWGDQMHOLHILV¶,QHHQDDQWDOJHYDOOHQLV RS UHJLRQDDOQLYHDXLQYXOOLQJYHUYROJJHJHYHQDDQGH]HDFWLYLWHLWHQ $OVJHYROJYDQGHWHUXJWUHGHQGHRYHUKHLGHQKHWGRRU9:6µXLWKXLVSODDWVHQ¶ YDQ XLWYRHUHQGH ZHUN]DDPKHGHQ LV LQ KHW YHOG HHQ JURWH EHKRHIWH RQWVWDDQ DDQ.

(172) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. FR|UGLQDWLH RYHUOHJ RYHU GH XLWYRHULQJ DOVPHGH RQGHUVWHXQLQJ YDQ KHW ZHUN +HW /DQGHOLMN2QGHUVWHXQLQJVSXQW3UHYHQWLH**= /23

(173) KHW/DQGHOLMN3ODWIRUP3UHYHQWLH *HHVWHOLMNH 9RONVJH]RQGKHLG /33*9

(174) HQ GH /DQGHOLMNH 6WHXQIXQFWLH 3UHYHQWLH YHUVODYLQJHQPLGGHOHQJHEUXLN /63

(175) SUREHUHQDDQGH]HEHKRHIWHWHYROGRHQ ,QKHWHHUGHUJHQRHPGHRQWZLNNHOLQJVSODQYDQ'HNNHU

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pQ YDQ GH YRRU GH]H UDSSRUWDJH PHHVW UHOHYDQWH PDDWUHJHOHQ LV GH RQWZLNNHOLQJ YDQ HHQ DFWLHI SUHYHQWLHHQ]RUJEHOHLGGDW]LFKJDDWULFKWHQRSGHUDDNYODNNHQWXVVHQGH**=VHFWRU HQ DQGHUH ]RUJVHFWRUHQ RUJDQLVDWLHV YDQ PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNH GLHQVWYHUOHQLQJ HQ ORNDOH RYHUKHGHQ HQ RS HHQ QDGHUH DQDO\VH YDQ GH IDFWRUHQ GLH JHHVWHOLMNH RQWVSRULQJHQ YHURRU]DNHQ HQ YDQ GH PRJHOLMNKHGHQ RP GLH WH YRRUNyPHQ 'DDUELM ZRUGHQ GH YROJHQGHVSHHUSXQWHQJHQRHPG ,QVWHOOLQJ YDQ HHQ EUHGH PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNH FRPPLVVLH /DQGHOLMNH &RPPLVVLH *HHVWHOLMNH9RONVJH]RQGKHLG

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¶V 9HUVWHUNHQ NLQGHU HQ MHXJGSV\FKLDWULH JRHGH RQGHUNHQQLQJ HQ WLMGLJH EHKDQGHOLQJ YDQ VWRRUQLVVHQRSMHXJGLJHOHHIWLMG 9:6

(178) ,QHHQEULHIDDQGH7ZHHGH.DPHULVWRHJH]HJGGDWGHLQPLGGHOVLQJHVWHOGH/DQGHOLMNH &RPPLVVLH *HHVWHOLMNH 9RONVJH]RQGKHLG LQ ]DO UDSSRUWHUHQ HQ GDW DDQVOXLWHQG GDDURS ODQGHOLMNH SULRULWHLWHQ YRRU SUHYHQWLH HQ RQGHU]RHN ZRUGHQ YDVWJHVWHOG 9:6

(179) %RYHQJHQRHPGH VSHHUSXQWHQ ZRUGHQ TXD EHODQJ RQGHUERXZG GRRU GH EHYLQGLQJHQ ]RDOV RSJHQRPHQ LQ GH VWDWHRIWKHDUW UDSSRUWDJHV LQ GHHO % YDQ GLW UDSSRUW 'LW JHOGW ELMYRRUEHHOG YRRU GH YUDDJ RP H[WUD DDQGDFKW YRRU YURHJWLMGLJH HQ DGHTXDWH EHKDQGHOLQJ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ ELM NLQGHUHQ HQ DGROHVFHQWHQ ]RGDW HHQ KDOW NDQ ZRUGHQ WRHJHURHSHQ DDQ GH F\FOXV ZDDULQ JHYROJHQ YDQ HHQ µHHUGHUH SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLV¶ GH RRU]DNHQ GHWHUPLQDQWHQ

(180) ZRUGHQ YDQ QLHXZH SUREOHPHQ 'DDUQDDVW OHYHUHQ GH]H UDSSRUWDJHV QRJ HHQ DDQWDO DDQNQRSLQJVSXQWHQ RS YRRU KHW EHOHLG'H]HZRUGHQLQKHWYROJHQGHKRRIGVWXNVDPHQJHYDW.

(181) SDJYDQ. . 5,90UDSSRUW±GHHO$. $DQNQRSLQJVSXQWHQYRRUEHOHLG. 2QGHU]RHNQDDUGHWHUPLQDQWHQ. 0RPHQWHHOZRUGWQRJJHHQYDQKHWRQGHU]RHNVEXGJHWYDQGHPHGLVFKHIDFXOWHLWHQ LQ 1HGHUODQG EHVWHHG DDQ RQGHU]RHN QDDU SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ 5*2

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yyUNRPHQEHwQYORHGHQy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wQYORHGHQ'LWKHHIWRQGHUPHHU WH PDNHQPHWGHEHSHUNWHPDDNEDDUKHLGYDQGHPDDWVFKDSSLMHQKHWLQGLYLGXHOHOHYHQ GHQN DDQ DUPRHGH ODJH 6(6 XUEDQLVDWLHJUDDG FRPSOLFDWLHV ELM GH JHERRUWH

(183) RI PHW HWKLVFKH RQWRHODDWEDDUKHLG ELMYRRUEHHOG JHGZRQJHQ VWHULOLVDWLH YDQ HUIHOLMN ]ZDDU EHODVWHSHUVRQHQ

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qUH HQRI LQDGHTXDWHRXGHUOLMNH]RUJODJH6(6OHYHQGLQYHUVWHGHOLMNWHRPJHYLQJ

(185) =RDOVHOGHUV LV EHVFKUHYHQ NDQ PHW HIIHFWLHYH SUHYHQWLHSURJUDPPD¶V ELM GH]H GRHOJURHS HHQ DDQ]LHQOLMNH JH]RQGKHLGVZLQVW EHKDDOG ZRUGHQ 7HQ VORWWH LV DDQGDFKW YRRU YURHJH RSVSRULQJHQEHKDQGHOLQJYDQSV\FKLVFKHVWRRUQLVVHQELMNLQGHUHQHQDGROHVFHQWHQYDQ JURRW EHODQJ+LHUPHHNDQ QDPHOLMN GH YLFLHX]H FLUNHO ZRUGHQ GRRUEURNHQ ZDDUELM GH.

(186) 5,90UDSSRUWGHHO$. . SDJYDQ. JHYROJHQ YDQ HHQ µHHUGHUH VWRRUQLV¶ ZHHU RRU]DNHQ GHWHUPLQDQWHQ

(187) YDQ HHQ YROJHQGH VWRRUQLVZRUGHQ 'H UDSSRUWDJH YDQ KHW 7ULPERVLQVWLWXXW RYHU HIIHFWHQ YDQ LQWHUYHQWLHV PDDNW GXLGHOLMN GDW HU HHQ DDQ]LHQOLMN WHNRUW DDQ LQIRUPDWLH EHVWDDW RYHU GH GRHOWUHIIHQGKHLG YDQ SUHYHQWLHYH LQWHUYHQWLHV ELM KHW GDDGZHUNHOLMN YRRUNyPHQ YDQ SV\FKLVFKH VWRRUQLVVHQ *HGHJHQ HYDOXDWLHRQGHU]RHN ]RX GDQ RRN HHQ KRJH SULRULWHLW PRHWHQ NULMJHQ ,Q KHW =21 3URJUDPPD 3UHYHQWLH ZRUGW HIIHFWLYLWHLWV HQ GRHOPDWLJKHLGVRQGHU]RHN ELQQHQ GH **= GDQ RRN DOV ppQ YDQ GH ]ZDDUWHSXQWHQ DDQJHPHUNW'DDUELMZRUGWPHWQDPHDDQJHGURQJHQRSKHWJHEUXLNYDQGHVLJQVGLHGH PHHVW YDOLGH RQGHU]RHNVXLWNRPVWHQ RSOHYHUHQ GH UDQGRPL]HG FRQWUROOHG WULDO HQ GH FRPPXQLW\ LQWHUYHQWLRQ WULDO ZDDUQHPLQJHQ RS UHVSHFWLHYHOLMN LQGLYLGXHHO HQ JURHSVQLYHDX

(188) =21

(189) . . $DQEHYHOLQJHQWHQDDQ]LHQYDQGHLPSOHPHQWDWLHYDQ HIIHFWLHIJHEOHNHQLQWHUYHQWLHV. ,Q GH GHHOUDSSRUWDJH RYHU HIIHFWHQ YDQ LQWHUYHQWLHV YDQ KHW 7ULPERVLQVWLWXXW ZRUGHQ HQNHOH LQWHUYHQWLHV JHYRQGHQ ZDDUYDQ GH GRHOWUHIIHQGKHLG YROGRHQGH OLMNW DDQJHWRRQG RP RYHU WH JDDQ WRW ODQGHOLMNH LPSOHPHQWDWLH 6FKRROJHULFKWH YHUVODYLQJVSUHYHQWLH LV GRHOWUHIIHQGHQDOHQLJHMDUHQZRUGWYDQXLWKHW7ULPERVLQVWLWXXWJHZHUNWDDQODQGHOLMNH LPSOHPHQWDWLHYDQHHQJHVWDQGDDUGLVHHUGSURJUDPPD *H]RQGHVFKRROHQJHQRWPLGGH OHQ

No results found