Procedia Engineering 44 ( 2012 ) 1254 – 1256 1877-7058 © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.745 (XURPHPEUDQH&RQIHUHQFH >3@ ,QVLWXVSHFWURVFRSLFHOOLSVRPHWU\DVDSUHGLFWLYHWRROIRUWUDQVSRUWWKURXJK]ZLWWHULRQLF PHPEUDQHV
-GH*URRWK :2JLHJOR0*LURQqV'&1LMPHLMHU1(%HQHV 8QLYHUVLW\RI7ZHQWH7KH1HWKHUODQGV3HQWDLU;)ORZ7KH1HWKHUODQGV
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
5HFHQWO\ SRO\PHUV FRQWDLQLQJ ]ZLWWHULRQLF PRLHWLHV DUH JDLQLQJ HYHUPRUH DWWHQWLRQ >@ ,Q VHYHUDODSSOLFDWLRQVWKH\DUHXVHGWRSURGXFHDQWLIRXOLQJVXUIDFHVDQGELRFRPSDWLEOHPDWHULDOV 1H[WWRWKLVSRO\]ZLWWHULRQVDUHDOVRDSSOLHGEDVHGRQWKHLUVSHFLILFLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKLRQV:KHQ H[SRVHG WR DTXHRXV VDOW VROXWLRQV WKH VZHOOLQJ DQG VROXELOLW\ RI ]ZLWWHULRQLF SRO\PHUV LV LQFUHDVHG WKH ³DQWLSRO\HOHFWURO\WH HIIHFW´ $OO WKHVH SURSHUWLHV PDNH WKHP LQWHUHVWLQJ FDQGLGDWHVIRUPHPEUDQHILOWUDWLRQ$QGDOWKRXJKDORWRIUHVHDUFKKDVDOUHDG\EHHQGRQHZLWK UHVSHFWWRWKHDQWLIRXOLQJSURSHUWLHVRI]ZLWWHULRQLFPHPEUDQHVOLWWOHLVNQRZQRQWKHWUDQVSRUW WKURXJK]ZLWWHULRQLFGHQVHILOPV
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
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
1255 J. de Grooth et al. / Procedia Engineering 44 ( 2012 ) 1254 – 1256
:HSUHVHQWWKHHIIHFWRIERWKFRQFHQWUDWLRQDQGW\SHRIHOHFWURO\WHRQWKHVZHOOLQJEHKDYLRURI WKLQ]ZLWWHULRQLFSRO\PHUILOPV$VVKRZQLQ)LJXUH%FOHDUGLIIHUHQFHVLQVZHOOLQJDUHIRXQGIRU GLIIHUHQWLRQV$WORZFRQFHQWUDWLRQVWKHRUGHURIWKHVZHOOLQJGHJUHHRIWKHFDWLRQVLV&D/L 1D.IROORZLQJ+RIPHLVWHU¶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
ZKHUHWKHILUVWSDUW0ILVWKH)LFNLDQFRQWULEXWLRQDQGWKHVHFRQGWHUP05LLVWKHUHOD[DWLRQDO
SDUW$OWKRXJK ZHFDQXVHWKLVPRGHOWRILWRXUGDWD DQGH[WUDFWWKHGLIIXVLRQFRHIILFLHQWVWKH DVVXPSWLRQRIFRQVWDQWGLIIXVLRQFRHIILFLHQWVLVQRWPDLQWDLQHGLQRXUH[SHULPHQWV7KHUHVXOWV VXJJHVW D FRQFHQWUDWLRQ GHSHQGHQW GLIIXVLRQ UDWH RI WKH VDOW NQRZQ DV WKH %ROW]PDQQ¶V WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ >@ 7R WDNH WKLV LQWR DFFRXQW WKH PRGHO ZLOO EH DGDSWHG WR LQFRUSRUDWH FRQFHQWUDWLRQGHSHQGHQFHRIWKHGLIIXVLRQFRHIILFLHQWV
7KHPRGHOLQJUHVXOWVJLYHLQSXWIRUWKHVROXWLRQGLIIXVLRQPHFKDQLVPRIGHQVHPHPEUDQHVDQG FDQ EH FRUUHODWHG WR DFWXDO PHPEUDQH SHUIRUPDQFH 7KLV DOORZV LQVLWX 6( PHDVXUHPHQWV WR SUHGLFW WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI QRYHO V\QWKHVL]HG SRO\PHUV LQ PHPEUDQH DSSOLFDWLRQV ZLWKRXW IXOO PHPEUDQHSUHSDUDWLRQDQGLQGHSHQGHQWRIPHPEUDQHRSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQV
5HIHUHQFHV
6LUDUG603)*UHHQDQG.3-RKQVWRQ6SHFWURVFRSLFHOOLSVRPHWU\LQYHVWLJDWLRQRI WKH VZHOOLQJ RI SRO\GLPHWK\OVLOR[DQH WKLQ ILOPV ZLWK KLJK SUHVVXUH FDUERQ GLR[LGH -RXUQDORI3K\VLFDO&KHPLVWU\%S
&ŝŐƵƌĞ ϭ͗ ͗ dLJƉŝĐĂů ĚLJŶĂŵŝĐ ƐǁĞůůŝŶŐ ĐƵƌǀĞ ŽĨ ƚŚŝŶ Ɖ;^DͲŶͿ ĨŝůŵƐ ;ΕϰϬϬ Ŷŵ ĨŝůŵƐͿ͘ ͗ ĨĨĞĐƚ ŽĨ ĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĐĂƚŝŽŶŽŶƚŚĞŵĂdžŝŵƵŵƐǁĞůůŝŶŐĚĞŐƌĞĞŽĨnjǁŝƚƚĞƌŝŽŶŝĐƉ;^DͲŶͿĨŝůŵƐ͘
1256 J. de Grooth et al. / Procedia Engineering 44 ( 2012 ) 1254 – 1256
'XQFDQ $- '- /HR DQG 7( /RQJ %H\RQG 1DILRQ &KDUJHG 0DFURPROHFXOHV 7DLORUHGIRU3HUIRUPDQFHDV,RQLF3RO\PHU7UDQVGXFHUV0DFURPROHFXOHV S
(VWHSKDQ =* 36 6FKOHQRII DQG -% 6FKOHQRII =ZLWWHUDWLRQ $V DQ $OWHUQDWLYH WR 3(*\ODWLRQ/DQJPXLUS
'REU\QLQ $9 5+ &ROE\ DQG 0 5XELQVWHLQ 3RO\DPSKRO\WHV -RXUQDO RI 3RO\PHU 6FLHQFH3DUW%3RO\PHU3K\VLFVS
%HUHQV$5DQG+%+RSIHQEHUJ'LIIXVLRQDQGUHOD[DWLRQLQJODVV\SRO\PHUSRZGHUV 6HSDUDWLRQRIGLIIXVLRQDQGUHOD[DWLRQSDUDPHWHUV3RO\PHUS
9LVVHU7DQG0:HVVOLQJ:KHQ'R6RUSWLRQ,QGXFHG5HOD[DWLRQVLQ*ODVV\3RO\PHUV
6HW,Q"0DFURPROHFXOHVS
3DQWHOLü 1 DQG &- 6HOLVNDU $QRPDORXV 'LIIXVLRQ LQ 3RO\YLQ\O DOFRKROí3RO\DFU\OLF DFLG7KLQ)LOPV7KH-RXUQDORI3K\VLFDO&KHPLVWU\&S 7DQJ<HWDO6WUXFWXUDO(IIHFWVRQ6ZHOOLQJRI7KLQ3KRVSKRU\OFKROLQH3RO\PHU)LOPV 0DFURPROHFXOHVS &UDQN-7KHPDWKHPDWLFVRIGLIIXVLRQ9RO&ODUHQGRQSUHVV2[IRUG .H\ZRUGV7KLQILOPV6ZHOOLQJ=ZLWWHULRQLF3RO\PHUV,RQWUDQVSRUW