b
y
x
α
d
y
z
shuttle
pu
qu
p
q
y
x
z
End-effector
Upper arm
Spherical joint
Lower arm
Actuated revolute joint
Base
x
y
z
cross-hinge shuttle
rotation axis leaf springs
no stress
max. stress gravity
v0
F0
translational DOF rotational DOF translational constraint rotational constraint
x1
x2
kguidance F0 kshuttle v0 kleaf kleaf kframe
leaf springs cross-hinge shuttle
cross-hinge shuttle
rotation axis leaf springs
no stress
max. stress gravity
v
no stress max. stress leaf springs shuttle overconstrained exactly constrained dynamically stiffened
exactly constrained angle φprescribed0 is
leaf springs shuttle φ0 x z y