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• An online literature search was conducted in medical, psychology, and social sciences databases from December 2017 to January 2018. • 53 abstracts were originally identified from the 1,149 articles found
via literature search. After full text review, 19 studies were included.
Inclusion and Exclusion criteria
• Included: qualitative and quantitative peer reviewed articles
originally published in English, involving adults over the age of 65 with memory loss.
• Intergenerational studies were included if they involved both these older adults and a group of youth, excluding family members such as grandchildren and direct caregivers.
• Music-based studies were included if their program was participatory in focus, rather than music therapy, and led by professionals.
• Excluded: studies targeting older adults in an assisted living or residential care environment, or published prior to 2000.
Introduction
Methods
Discussion
Results
Conclusions
• Harris & Caporella’s 2014 pilot study examined the impact of an intergenerational choir on social isolation of PWD. They found that participation fostered social cohesion and decreased isolation of PWD and caregivers. This demonstrates that bringing the fields of music and intergenerational activities together for PWD could be as or more effective as both interventions on their own, although there is certainly a need for future research to evaluate this potential.
Implications for future research
• It is difficult to increase sample size without changing group
dynamics and possibly sacrificing an effective environment for PWD. • Options include studying multiple different groups simultaneously
and extending studies to occur over a longer period of time to collect more data.
• Focus on quality of life, stress, relationships, and positive feelings as variables that were shown to have a significant quantitative change from interventions completed in the examined studies.
• The intrinsic difficulty of working with a population with memory loss and impaired cognitive functioning should also be considered, and
assessment measures adapted appropriately.
Limitations included…
• Impact of convenience and purposive sampling on results of most papers
• Lack of randomized control trials
• Predominantly Western and Caucasian focus • Wide methodological variations across studies
• Relatively short timespans of most studies (five months or less)
References
Music-based interventions
• From a qualitative perspective, singing had a positive impact throughout all of the studies reviewed. Quantitatively, singing did not show any
negative impact, being evaluated as either neutral or positive.
• This indicates significant potential for efficacy as an intervention that is relatively low-cost, and certainly low-risk for the population when
compared to more aggressive treatments.
Intergenerational interventions
• Similarly, intergenerational activities showed generally positive impacts, again for a low-risk intervention, although intergenerational activities can be more difficult to organize due to the coordination required to recruit and retain children and youth.
• The nature of intergenerational activities within a choir for PWD is flexible, as intergenerational activities with both young children and older, college-age students showed similar qualitative results in the examined studies. • Finding an appropriate age group for the PWD participants, and training
younger participants on what to expect when interacting with PWD appeared to assist with group dynamics.
Combined potential
• One aspect of both music-based and intergenerational activities that was highlighted by many authors was the relationship- and community-building capacity of these programs for PWD (Bannon & Montgomery-Smith, 2008; Davidson & Fedele, 2011; Gailbraith, Larkin, Moorhouse, & Oomen, 2015; McCabe, Greasley-Adams, & Goodson, 2015; Osman, Tischler, & Schneider, 2016).
This research was supported by the Jaime
Cassel Undergraduate Research Award,
University of Victoria
March 7, 2018
• Dementia is a progressive condition that can be broadly identified by a variety of behavioural and psychological symptoms, usually
hallmarked by progressive memory loss (van der Linde, et al., 2016; von Kutzleben, Schmid, Halek, Holle, & Bartholomeyczik, 2012).
These symptoms impact normal interactions and quality of life for persons with dementia (PWD) (Bruvik, Ulstein, Ranhoff, & Engedal, 2012; van der Linde, et al., 2016, von Kutzleben et al., 2012).
• Progression of dementia symptoms challenges the PWD’s
independence and often forces a role change between the PWD
and their close friends and family. This can lead to isolation for both the PWD and caregivers (Ablitt, Jones, & Muers, 2009).
• Research has identified various mitigating factors for the impact of dementia. This review focuses on music-based and
intergenerational programs as two interventions shown to increase quality of life (Gailbraith, Larkin, Moorhouse, & Oomen, 2015;
Vasionyte & Madison, 2013).
• Musical activity has been shown to impact both psychological and physiological aspects of dementia, with no known adverse effects and few risks (McDermott, Crellin, Ridder, & Orrell, 2013; Vasionyte & Madison, 2013; van der Linde, et al., 2016). Intergenerational
interventions have also been shown to increase quality of life and cause other positive outcomes for PWD (Gailbraith et al., 2015). • This scoping review focuses on three areas: intergenerational
activities for youth and community-dwelling PWD, participatory music-based interventions for community-dwelling PWD, and intergenerational participatory arts activities for PWD.
• The objective of examining these three topics was to support an
ongoing research project: the establishment of an intergenerational choir, Voices in Motion, for community-dwelling persons with
Alzheimer’s disease, their caregivers and high school students.
A scoping review of intergenerational music-based interventions for youth and persons with dementia
Do you believe in the power of music?
• Qualitative results were resoundingly positive for both
intergenerational and music-based interventions for PWD, including findings such as increased perceived quality of life, enjoyment of
sessions, increased relationship-building, a renewed sense of purpose, and improved mood.
• Significant quantitative results were limited, but included decreased stress and increased quality of life.
• Additional research is needed to identify quantitative and long-term benefits of participating in an intergenerational choir for PWD and other participants.
• The community- and relationship-building impact is especially
relevant to the examined population of community-dwelling PWD. Activities such as learning new songs and sharing their life
experience with younger individuals has potential to promote structure, goals, and positive affirmation in the lives of PWD.
Alison White, School of Nursing, University of Victoria
Supervised by Dr. Debra Sheets, School of Nursing, University of Victoria
Adults with a wide range of needs and abilities
successfully engaged in intergenerational programming
and experienced considerable levels of positive affect
and behavioral engagement.
(Jarrott & Bruno, 2003)Participants were immediately able to have a ‘sense of
purpose’ and ‘belonging’ and the opportunity for new
learning gave them a ‘sense of fulfilment’.
(Camic, Williams, & Meeten 2011)“The type of program had less of an impact on
positive outcomes than if the activity was
meaningful for participants and supported shared
opportunities for relationship building and growth.”
(Gailbraith et al., 2015)
