Engels

MINISTERIE VAN ONDERWIJS EN VOLKSONTWIKKELING EXAMENBUREAU

UNIFORM EINDEXAMEN MULO tevens

TOELATINGSEXAMEN VWO/HAVO/NATIN 2013

DATUM: DONDERDAG O4 JULI 2013 TIJD : 07.45 – 09.15 UUR

DEZE TAAK BESTAAT UIT 1 TEKST EN 35 VRAGEN. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Often you donʼt know what you have until you lose it. When Shakira was 7 years old, her hardworking father's jewelry ‒ business went bankrupt. She didn't know what the word “bankrupt” meant, and when her parents sent her to stay with family friends in Los Angeles while they dealt with the situation, she assumed that she would return home to her normal routine.

But when she returned, it seemed everything had changed. Their two cars that she had ridden in to school or to play with her friends were gone. The air conditioner that cooled them during the brutally hot Colombian summers had been sold. Their color television had been traded in for a smaller, black-and-white version. Foods that she loved were replaced with the

bland staples a mother buys when food becomes food you need to stay alive and healthy

instead of something to be enjoyed.

They had gone from being middle class to poor almost overnight, and looking at this through the eyes of a 7-year-old child it was hard to imagine anything worse. She can still remember the desperation of that moment.

But her parents found ways to think about their problems in a sensible way and to show her how fortunate they still were, especially given that – previously unknown to her – so many families and children had so much less. Most vividly, she remembers her father walking her by a park and watching the street children who lived there. They were her age and their faces didn't look all that different from hers or her friends’, yet these children truly had nothing. They lived in the dirt, in tattered clothes and with bare feet, searching through garbage for anything to eat. Many sniffed glue to dull the pain of their existence. Despite their situation, her parents wanted her to know that it could be far worse. At that moment, she promised herself that if she was ever able to help, she would.

Her first major album was called “Pies Descalzos” (“Barefoot” in Spanish) and was named for the children whose faces had been burnt into her memory. She hoped that, in some small way, she was able to give a voice to those children whom no one seemed to listen to or care about. She was 18, and once the album was released she created a charitable foundation in Colombia to try to help kids like the ones she had seen in the park 10 years before and too many times since. She hoped that, as her life and career progressed, she could help poor children escape poverty and make progress in their own lives.

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

poorest children. For less than $2 per day, the schools they fund give children nutritious meals, quality education, counseling services (for those who have experienced tragedies) and a chance to pull themselves out of the poverty cycle that previously trapped them. So don't believe that it isn't possible to educate the world's poorest children. They do it every day in Colombia, a country second only to Iraq in terms of the number of displaced people who've fled their homes because of the horrors of war.

Now they are taking their school program to other parts of the world with the launch of a new U.S.-based nonprofit organization called Barefoot. Globally, 72 million young children don't attend primary school and another 226 million aren't in secondary school. In addition, hundreds of millions of children attend some version of school but can't enter the type of quality education that produces real results.

They know how to deal with this. Governments must abolish school fees, hire more qualified teachers and provide textbooks and meals in schools. Most important, they must decide that a child's poverty is not an excuse – that they will educate all children regardless of what family or neighborhood they are born into. And they must consider education funding to be very important and should deal with it first.

Education affects every aspect of economic development and global stability. Research has shown that a single year of primary education creates a 10 to 20 percent increase in a woman's wages later in life. Education also prevents disease: a young person with a secondary education is three times less likely to contract HIV. Education even leads to more efficient agriculture and improved nutrition.

This is not charity – it is in everyone's self-interest. Their Colombian schools chiefly serve children who are displaced by decades of conflict. Many have seen their loved ones die and go to their schools angry and bitter. Education gives them a reason not to join the paramilitary organizations and drugs-traffickers that have terrorized Colombia for so long.

They can be the first generation to make education universally available – giving it to all children, everywhere, with no excuses. A barefoot child she saw years ago in the park deserves the same opportunity as any other child.

Adapted from: Newsweek, October 13, 2008

Notes:

Line 10 : bland – not having a strong taste

Line 10 : staples – a basic type of food that is used a lot Line 14: desperation – wanhoop

Line 21: dull – become or be made weaker Line 26: give a voice – express feelings, worries, etc.

Line 36: displace – force people to move away from their home to another place

Line 45: regardless – paying no attention, even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties Line 53: nutrition – voeding

Line 54: charity – liefdadigheid Line 55: decade – period of ten years

1

Line 1: “Often you … lose it.”

This line suggests that we should … what we have. A hold on to B know precisely C take care of D value 2

Lines 1-2: “When … bankrupt.”

These lines suggest that the jewelry business of Shakira’s father went bankrupt ... he had been hardworking. A although B as C because D considering 3

Lines 1-5: “When … routine.”

From these lines we may conclude that when Shakira was 7 years old

A she discovered what the word “bankrupt” meant.

B she guessed what the word “bankrupt” meant.

C the word “bankrupt” was avoided. D the word “bankrupt” was explained.

4

Lines 1-5: “When … routine.”

When Shakira was sent to stay with family friends, she … as it was on her return home. A expected everything to be

B knew that everything would be

C was convinced that everything would be D was sure that everything would be

5

Lines 2-5: “She … routine.”

Shakira’s parents probably sent her to Los Angeles A so that she would not know what was going on. B so that she would not witness their

embarrassment.

C so that they could organize their disturbed life. D so that they could think about their disturbed

life.

6

Line 6: “But ... changed.”

What changes had Shakira noticed?

A The customers regularly visiting the jeweler’s had stopped going there.

B The jeweler had stopped working hard. C The jewelry business had gone bankrupt. D The normal order and the regular way of doing things had become different.

7

Lines 6-11: “Their … enjoyed.”

Which statement about Shakira’s parents is

NOT true?

A They had to get rid of their cooling system. B They had to give up their means of transport. C They traded in enjoyable meals for tasteless ones.

D They traded in their television for a cheaper one.

8

Line 12: “They … overnight, …”

These words indicate that Shakira’s parents

A tried to improve their social status. B tried to recover their social status.

C went from a higher to a lower social status. D went from very rich to hopelessly poor.

The word “overnight” (line 12) is similar in meaning to the following EXCEPT:

A gradually B quickly C suddenly D unexpectedly 10

Lines 12-14: “They … moment.”

We may say that for Shakira their situation was A annoying.

B ridiculous. C terrible. D unusual.

11

Lines 15-17: “But … less.”

We may say that Shakira’s parents were able to consider their problems in a(n) … manner. Which of the following does NOT fit? A amusing

B calm

C practical D proper

12

Line 16: “ … previously unknown to her …” It had been previously unknown to Shakira that A her parents thought about their problems in a sensible way.

B her parents thought that they were still fortunate.

C she was much better off than her other family members.

D she was much better off than many other children.

The word “vividly” (line 17) is similar in meaning to A clearly. B easily. C fortunately. D reluctantly. 14

Line 17: Shakira vividly remembers

A going to the park to meet street children. B meeting street children while walking in the park.

C watching street children living in a house in the park.

D watching street children whose home was the park.

15

Lines 17-19: “Most … friends’ … ”

We may say that it struck Shakira that the street children

A looked different from her or her friends. B looked precisely like herself or her friends. C were children who had chosen to live in the street.

D were just ordinary children like herself or her friends.

16

Lines 19-21: “They lived … existence.”

These lines tell us the following about the street children EXCEPT:

A Not only were their clothes tattered but their shoes as well.

B Their clothes were in a bad condition. C They lived on leavings found in trash cans. D They tried to forget their unhappy

17

Lines 21-23: “Despite … would.”

We may say that the life of the street kids has … Shakira.

Which of the following does NOT fit? A affected B annoyed C moved D saddened 18

Lines 24-27: “Her … about.”

Shakira probably called her first major album “Pies Descalzos”

A to ask attention for the miserable condition of the street children.

B to become popular with the street children walking barefoot.

C to instantly improve the miserable condition of the street children.

D to think about the street children walking barefoot in the street.

19

Lines 27-29: “She was … since.”

Shakira created a charitable foundation in Colombia

A especially for children in need of help. B especially for children she had seen many times.

C to try to help the kids she had seen in the park.

D to try to keep kids from being in the park.

20

Lines 29-30: “She hoped … lives.” From these lines we may conclude that becoming a successful artist will enable Shakira to

A combat poverty in the world.

B encourage poor children to go for a better future. C prevent poverty in the world.

D see to it that poor children have a better future.

21

Lines 31-32: “During … children.”

Having read these lines we may say that Pies Descalzos

A has announced its aim. B has discussed its aim. C has reached its aim. D has revealed its aim.

22

Lines 32-34: “For less … them.”

The money donated to schools … for various activities in the interest of their pupils.

Choose the correct answer. A could have been used B should have been used C was saved

D was used

23

Lines 32-34: “For less … them.”

We may say that children can pull themselves out of the poverty cycle

A through entertaining activities. B through public services.

C through the effort of the parents D through their own determined effort.

“it” in line 35 refers to

A educating the world’s poorest children. B giving counseling services.

C giving nutritious meals.

D pulling children out of the poverty cycle.

25

Lines 38-39: “Now … Barefoot.”

These lines tell us that Barefoot … its activity to other countries. A has spread B intends to spread C should spread D wants to spread 26

Lines 39-42: “Globally … results.”

We may draw the conclusion that around the world quite a number of children

A are reluctant to attend primary and secondary school.

B are reluctant to attend some version of school.

C completely lack education or lack good education.

D enter the type of quality education producing real results.

27

“this” in line 43 refers to

A the problem of disappointing results. B the problem of forcing kids to attend school. C the problem of irregular class attendance. D the problem of making kids stay in school.

Lines 43-48: “Governments … first.”

We may say that in these lines the government is A advised. B cautioned. C ridiculed. D warned. 29

Lines 43-48: “Governments … first.”

These lines suggest that children

A have the right to decide on the type of schooling.

B have the right to schooling no matter their background.

C want schooling from only qualified teachers. D want schooling no matter their background.

30

Lines 43-48: “Governments … first.” These lines indicate that the first priority of the government should be

A providing money for education. B providing textbooks in schools.

C stop making excuses for ignoring poor children. D stop making excuses for neglecting poor children.

31

Lines 49-53: “Education … nutrition.” In these lines the importance of education is A considered.

B exaggerated. C illustrated. D looked at.

32

Line 54: “This … interest.” It is in everyone’s self-interest A to be charitable. B to be educated. C to improve education. D to improve nutrition. 33

Lines 54-56: “Their Colombian … bitter.”

We may say that the displaced children … by decades of conflict.

A are affected B are discouraged C have become tough D have become weak

34

Lines 56-57: “Education … long.”

These lines indicate that the displaced children

A are forced to become criminals. B are forced to contact criminals.

C can be kept from becoming criminals. D can be kept from seeing criminals.

35

Lines 58-60: “They can … child.”

“They” in line 58 refers to

A Shakira and her charitable foundation. B Shakira and the Colombian schools. C Shakira and the government.