A gravel-sand bifurcation: a simple model and the stability of the equilibrium states

(1)

RCEM2017

BACK TO ITALY

10 th

_{Symposium on River,}

coastal and estuarine morphodynamics

Trento - Padova

September 15 – 22, 2017

Department of Civil, Environmental

and Mechanical Engineering

DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA CIVILE, EDILE E AMBIENTALE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

RCEM2017

Tr

en

to - P

ad

ova

Se

pt

emb

er 1

5 - 22, 2

01

7

(2)

RCEM 2017 - Back to Italy

The 10

th

Symposium on River, Coastal and

Estuarine Morphodynamics

Trento-Padova

15-22 September 2017

Book of Abstracts

Edited by:

Stefano Lanzoni, Marco Redolfi

and Guido Zolezzi

(3)

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat,

micro-form, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the editors.

Proceedings of the event RCEM2017 10th Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine

Mor-phodynamics – Trento – Padova 15-22 September 2017/ editors Stefano Lanzoni, Marco Redolﬁ

and Guido Zolezzi

ISBN: 978-88-8443-752-5

(4)

RCEM 2017 - Back to Italy

The 10

th

Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics

Organizing Committee Co-Chairs

Stefano Lanzoni

1

Guido Zolezzi

2

Local organizing committee

Adami Luca

2

Bertoldi Walter

2

Carniello Luca

1

Chinellato Sara

Crestani Elena

1

D’Alpaos Andrea

3

Deﬁna Andrea

1

Ghinassi Massimiliano

3

Marani Marco

1

Redolﬁ Marco

2

Ruol Piero

1

Surian Nicola

3

Toﬀolon Marco

2

Tubino Marco

2

Viero Daniele Pietro

1

Welber Matilde

2

Zen Simone

2

1

Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova,

Italy

2

Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy

3

Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Italy

4

(5)

(6)

INDEX

This index is organized as follows:

• ﬁrst, abstract selected for oral contributions and keynotes are listed, following the

chronological order of the conference presentations;

• afterwards, abstracts selected for poster presentations are listed, grouped by broad

thematic areas, and in alphabetical order by ﬁrst author within each thematic area.

The broad thematic areas are: “Coasts”, “Estuaries”, “Rivers”, “Tidal environments”.

A complete list of all contributors to RCEM 2017 in alphabetical order is reported at

the end of the book.

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Monday, 18 September

Keynote: Integrating models and data toward a comprehensive

characteri-zation of hydro-eco-morpho-dynamics in a system of shallow coastal bays

Patricia L. Wiberg

3 COASTAL MORPHODYNAMICS

Shoreline changes along the coast of the Sanquianga Natural Park, Colombian

Pa-cific Ocean

Cuervo G.V. and Castrillon C.

35 A Preliminary Investigation of Spit Dynamics at Pagham Harbour, UK

Townend I.H., Scott C.R. and Warken N.

36 Laboratory experiments on the hysteresis of wave-generated ripples

Jin C., Coco G. and Tinoco R.O.

37 Formation and destruction events of shoreline sand waves

Arriaga J., Falqu´es A. and Ribas F.

38 On sand waves and sandy mounds

Porcile G., Blondeaux P. and Vittori G.

39 Vegetation impact on bed morphology: Laboratory studies on arrays of rigid

cylinders on a sandy bed under combined flows

Tinoco R.O. and Coco G.

40 Linear Stability Analysis of Bed Waves Formed by Turbidity Currents with

the Simple Mixing Length Turbulent Model

Izumi N. and Hagisawa S.

41 Coastal recovery: a numerical investigation

(7)

BARS AND MIXED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

Morphodynamics of Downstream Fining in Rivers with a Unimodal

Sand-Gravel Feed

Syvitski J.P., Cohen S. and Best J.L.

43 Gravel motion and channel evolution due to sand supply to gravel-beds:

preliminary results

Miwa H. and Yamada K.

44 Dynamics of a fine and coarse sediment mixture using a medical CT scan

Camenen B., Perret E., Brunelle C.B., Francus P., Des Roches M. and Daigle L.F.

45 Stochastic bedload transport model in mountain streams

Ancey C. and Bohorquez P.

46 Bedload Transport and Particle Motion Statistics: Insights from Direct

Nu-merical Simulations and Stochastic Models

Gonz´alez C., Richter D.H, Bolster D., Calantoni J. and Escauriaza C.

47 Interaction of dunes and bars in lowland rivers

de Ruijsscher T.V., Naqshband S. and Hoitink A.J.F.

48 Stratigraphic Feedbacks on Alternate Bar Morphology

Brown R.A. and Nelson P.A.

49 Influence of the graded sediment distribution and sediment supply on river

bar patterns and dynamics

Cordier F., Tassi P., Claude N., Crosato A., Rodrigues S. and Pham van Bang D.

50 ESTUARIES

The shape of alluvial estuaries

Savenije H.H.G.

51 Estuary scale experiments with saltmarsh vegetation

Lokhorst I.R., van Buiten G., de Lange S.I., Braat L., Leuven J.R.F.W.

and Kleinhans M.G.

52 Finescale turbulence within mangrove root systems: A comparison between

tropical and subtropical environments

Mullarney J.C., Horstman E.M., Bryan K.R., Norris B.K. and Henderson S.M.

53 Scaling of estuary biogeomorphodynamics in the Metronome tidal facility

Kleinhans M.G., Braat L., Leuven J.R.F.W. and Lokhorst I.R.

54 Coupling Effects of Unsteady River Discharges and Wave Energy on Mouth

Bar Morphodynamics

(8)

Modelling Morphodynamics in Mixed Sediment Environments:

Manage-ment of the Morphological Factor Allowing Forcing Variability and Processes

Inside the Sediment, Application to the Seine Estuary

Le Hir P., Lemoine J.-P. and Grasso F.

56 Tidally averaged sediment transport in a semi-enclosed tidal basin: influence

of tidal flats

Boelens T., De Mulder T., Schuttelaars H.M. and Schramkowski G.

57 A modified hydrodynamic of shallow tidal systems may temporarily slow

down the local sea level rise facilitating the survival of salt marshes

Silvestri S., D’Alpaos A. and Cainello L.

58 MEANDERING AND BEDROCK MORPHODYNAMICS

Interactions between Hydrodynamics, Bed Morphodynamics and Bank

Ero-sion on a Low Sinuosity Meander Bend: Goodwin Creek, Mississippi

Langendoen E.J., Ursic M.E., Mendoza A., Abad J.D., Ata R., El kadi Abderrezzak K. and

Tassi P.

59 Effects of Systematic Variation of Width, Bank Properties and Downstream

Sediment Routing on Meander Evolution using Linearized Models

Howard A.D., Bryk A.B. and Dietrich W.E.

60 Width variation meandering evolution with a Physic Mathematical and

Sta-tistical based model

Lopez Dubon S., Viero D., Bogoni D. and Lanzoni S.

61 Using time-lapse LiDAR to quantify river bend change on the coastal Trinity

River, TX

Mason J. and Mohrig D.

62 Experimental Study of Bedrock Degradation in Annular Flume Flow

Taguchi S., Ozawa H., Lima A.C. and Izumi N.

63 Tracing Bank Erosion in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Meander

Inoue T., Mishra J. and Shimizu Y.

64 Morphodynamics of bedrock canyons carved by megafloods

Lamb M.P., Lapotre M.G.A., Larsen I.J. and Williams R.M.E.

65 Dynamics of migrating alternate bars in large meandering rivers: combining

remote sensing and theoretical approaches

Monegaglia F., Tubino M. and Zolezzi G.

66 Keynote: Shining New Light, Literally, on River Morphodynamics

(9)

Tuesday, 19 September

Keynote: Connectivity in river deltas: Observations, modeling, and implications to

coastal resilience

Paola Passalacqua

9 DELTAS

On the Exceptional Sediment Load of the Huanghe (Yellow River), and its Capacity

to Produce Subaerial Deltaic Landscape

Nittrouer J.A., Ma H., Carlson B., Moodie A. and Parker G.

67 Congruent Bifurcation Angles in River Delta and Tributary Channel

Net-works

Shaw J.B., Coﬀey T. and Ke W.

68 Geomorphology of scour holes at tidal channel confluence

Ferrarin C., Mardricardo F.M., Rizzetto F., Mc Kiver W., Bellaﬁore D., Umgiesser G., Kruss

A., Foglini F. and Trincardi F.

69 Delta Morphodynamics: Coupling River Avulsions, Coastal Sediment

Trans-port, and Sea-Level Rise

Murray A.B., Ratliﬀ K. and Hutton E.

70 NOVEL TRENDS IN MORPHODYNAMICS

Evidence of River Morphodynamics on Mars: observations in Gale Crater

with the Curiosity Rover

Dietrich W.E.

71 Rivers under temperate valley glaciers: does sediment transport matter?

Lane S.N., Egli P., Ruttiman S., Perolo P., Irving J., Mankoﬀ K. and Rennie C.D.

72 Do we need thermal-dynamic transport models?

Syvitski J.P., Cohen S. and Best J.L.

73 Sediment bed stability re-distributed by bacterial biofilms

Chen X.D., Zhang C.K., Gong Z., Zhou Z. and Feng Q.

74 ECOMORPHODYNAMICS

Eco-Morphodynamics for Environmental Water Allocation in Non-Perennial

Rivers: Challenges and Opportunities

Grenfell M.C.

75 A mechanism of seeds dispersion and its effects on bed morphodynamics

(10)

A Simple Dynamic Model for Describing the Effects of Plant Root Systems

on River Morphodynamics

Caponi F., Siviglia A. and Boes R.M.

77 Experimental investigations on riparian vegetation uprooting

Calvani G., Francalanci S., Solari L. and Gumiero B.

78 Morphological effects of plant colonization of near-bank bars

Vargas-Luna A., Dur´o G., Crosato A. and Uijttewaal W.S.J.

79 Secondary instability of vegetated patterns in river beds

Bertagni M.B., Perona P. and Camporeale C.

80 Numerical modelling of bio-morphodynamics in braided rivers: applications

to a laboratory test configuration

Stecca G., Fedrizzi D., Hicks M., Measures R.J., Zolezzi G., Bertoldi W. and Tal M.

81 Temporal-spatial variation of sediment and vegetation on sand and gravel

beach located between inner bay and open sea

Uno K., Nakanishi H., Tujimoto G. and Kakinoki T.

82 Keynote: Small-scale process as driver of large-scale dynamics in coastal

vegetation: an ecologist view on biogeomorphology

Tjeerd J. Bouma

13 Keynote: The thin blue line: shoreline dynamics as a unifying theme across

time and across disciplines

Chris Paola

17 Wednesday, 20 September

Keynote: Effect of sediment sorting on river morphology

Hiroshi Takebayashi

19 TIDAL MORPHODYNAMICS

Resilience signatures reveal tipping elements in tidal marshes

van Belzen J., van de Koppel J., van der Wal D., Herman P.M.J. and Bouma T.J.

83 On the initial formation and long-term equilibrium of tidal channels

Xu F., Coco G., Tao J., Zhou Z. and Zhang C.

84 Physical Modelling of Tidal Network Evolution: the influence of Tide

Asym-metry

Gong Z., Geng L., Zhang C., Lanzoni S. and D’Alpaos A.

85 Impact of bended channels on tidal inlet migration: a modelling study

Bertin X., Guerin T. and de Bakker A.

86 Modeling the role of storms on tidal flat sorting dynamics

Zhou Z., Xu M., Zhang C.K. and Coco G.

87 Tidal point bar sedimentation: modern and ancient examples

(11)

Towards ecosystem-based coastal defence: How bio-physical interactions

de-termine wave and storm surge protection by tidal marshes

Temmerman S., Silinski A., Heuner M., Schoutens K., Stark J., Meire P. and Troch P.

89 Morphodynamic equilibria of double inlet systems

Meerman C., Olabarrieta M., Rottsch¨

aﬀer V., Valle Levinson A. and Schuttelaars H.M.

90 BIFURCATIONS-BRAIDING

The incipient development of topographic expansions

Tambroni N., Seminara G. and Paola C.

91 How do Alpine braided rivers respond to sediment-laden flow events?

Bakker M., Antoniazza G., Costa A., Silva T.A.A., Stutenbecker L., Girardclos S. and Loizeau

J.L.

92 Free and forced morphodynamics of river bifurcations: a novel theoretical

framework

Redolﬁ M., Zolezzi G., Tubino M. and Bertoldi W.

93 A gravel-sand bifurcation: a simple model and the stability of the

equilib-rium states

Schielen R.M.J. and Blom A.

94 NUMERICAL AND PHYSICAL MODELLING

MORSPEED: a new concept for the speedup of morphological simulations

Carraro F., Siviglia A., Vanzo D., Caleﬃ V. and Valiani A.

95 Numerical Modeling of Morphodynamics at Diversions: assessing the level

of complexity required for capturing the inherent physics

Dutta S., Tassi P., Fischer P., Wang D. and Garcia M.H.

96 Laboratory study on bedforms generated by solitary waves

La Forgia G., Adduce C., Falcini F. and Paola C.

97 Issues in Laboratory Experiments of River Morphodynamics

Crosato A.

98 Keynote: Wave-forced sediment dynamics in the nearshore and estuaries

Maurizio Brocchini

23 Keynote: Twenty years after RCEM 1999

(12)

Thursday, 21 September

River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamic change due to Earthquakes.

Canter-bury, New Zealand examples

Smart G.

99 Keynote: Some morphodynamics of atolls, reef flats, and the islands atop

them

Andrew Ashton

29 POSTER PRESENTATIONS

COASTS

Modelling And Tracing of a Sub-Sea robot Geometry in Deep Caspian Sea

using Neuro-fuzzy systems And Genetic Algorithms

Alaeipour A., Harounabadi A. and Morovvati H.

100 Sensitivity of foreland cuspate migration to wave climate

Barkwith A., Hurst M.D., Payo A. and Ellis M.A.

101 Shoreline Dynamics Under the Presence of a Rip-Channel System

Calvete D., Kakeh N. and Falqu´es A.

102 A methodological regional approach for bed-load yield extimation to river

mouths along the Emilia-Romagna coast

Cilli S., Billi P., Ciavola P. and Schippa L.

103 The role of oblique wave incidence on crescentic bar dynamics

de Swart R.L., Ribas F. and Calvete D.

104 Groin effects on artificial nourishments performance: Laboratory tests

Guimar˜

aes A., Coelho C., Veloso-Gomes F. and Silva P.A.

105 Channel sedimentation causing by grouping waves and wind waves at the

fishing port, Japan

Horie T., Sasaki T., Nozaka Y., Kawamori A. and Tanaka H.

106 Linear Stability Analysis of Bed Waves Formed by Turbidity Currents with

the Simple Mixing Length Turbulent Model

Izumi N. and Hagisawa S.

107 Coupled topographic and vegetation patterns in coastal dunes from remote

sensing

Lalimi F.Y., Silvestri S., Moore L.J. and Marani M.

108 A mechanism for long-runout turbidity currents

Luchi R., Balachandar S., Seminara G. and Parker G.

109 A new shoreline instability mechanism related to high-angle waves

Kakeh N., Falqu´es A. and Calvete D.

110 Laboratory study on bedforms generated by solitary waves

(13)

Numerical simulation of dredging and sediment disposal in fluvial and coastal

areas

Louyot M., Glander B., Kopmann R., Tassi P. and Brivois O.

112 Modelling multi-bar system at decadal scale

Marinho B., Larson M., Coelho C. and Hanson H.

113 Coastal Eco-morphological Real-time Forecasting tool to predict

hydrody-namic, sediment and nutrient dynamic in Coastal Louisiana

Messina F., Meselhe E., Twight D. and Buckman L.

114 Response of engineered beaches to sequences of storms

Musumeci R.E., Stancanelli L.M., Romano A., Besio G. and Briganti R.

115 Understanding the Primary Drivers of Atoll Morphometrics on a Global

Scale

Ortiz A.C.

116 Circulation and fine sediment transport patterns in the Montevideo Bay

Santoro P., Fossati M., Tassi P., Huybrechts N., Pham van Bang D. and Piedra-Cueva I. 117

Emergence of complex behaviour of marine natural processes: engineering

and environmental implications

Schinaia S.A.

118 Experimental investigation of subaqueous sediment density flows

Sfouni-Grigoriadou M., Juez C., Spinewine B. and Granca M.

119 Channeling regimes in cohesive coastal sediments

Tsakiris A.G., Papanicolaou A.N. and Mooneyham C.D.

120 Evolution of sand banks in the fully-nonlinear regime

Vittori G. and Blondeaux P.

121 ESTUARIES

Morphological evolution of estuary mouths with wave-current interactions

modelled over centuries

Albernaz M.B., Braat L., de Haas T., van der Spek A.J.F. and Kleinhans M.G.

122 Suspended sediment transport and concentration in the delta area of the

Magdalena river based on USP-61 and ADCP measurements

Avila H. and Amaris G.

123 Velocity profile and stratigraphy analisys in experimental prograding deltas

Bateman A., Medina V. and Galera D.

124 Flow regime changes in Vietnamese Mekong Delta due to river-damming

Binh D.V., Kantoush S., Sumi T., Mai N.T.P., Ata R., El kadi Abderrezzak K. and Trung L.V.

125 Cohesive sediment in scale-experiments of estuaries

(14)

Large-scale river and estuary modeling with mud and vegetation

Br¨

uckner M.Z.M., Lokhorst I.R., Selakovic S., van Oorschot M., de Vries B.M.L., Braat L. and

Kleinhans M.G.

127 Avulsion frequency on backwater-influenced deltas with relative sea-level

rise

Chadwick A.J.

128 Using pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas for sediment stabilization: how their

effectiveness depends on biological and environmental setting

de Paiva J.S., Walles B., Ysebaert T. and Bouma T.J.

129 What internal length scale determines the tidal bar length in estuaries?

Hepkema T.M., de Swart H.E. and Schuttelaars H.M.

130 Do distributaries in a delta plain resemble an ideal estuary? Results from

the Kapuas Delta, Indonesia

K¨

astner K., Hoitink A.J.F., Geertsema T.J. and Vermeulen B.

131 Cyclic behavior of ebb-tidal deltas from model simulations: the role of waves

and tides

Lenstra K.J.H., Ridderinkhof W. and van der Vegt M.

132 Ebb- and flood tidal channels in scale-experiments of estuaries

Leuven J.R.F.W., Braat L., van Dijk W.M. and Kleinhans M.G.

133 Formation of Islands on Deltas from Radially Symmetric Flow Expansion

McElroy B.J., Shaw J.B. and Miller K.

134 Ecologic and Morphologic Analysis of a Proposed Network of Sediment

Di-versions

Meselhe E., Sadid K., Jung H., Messina F., Esposito C. and Liang M.

135 What makes a delta tide-dominated?

Nienhuis J.H., T¨

ornqvist T.E. and Hoitink A.J.F.

136 Descriptions of field measurements for bedforms under combined flow at

Gediz and B. Menderes river mouths

Oguz Kaboglu S., Kisacik D. and Kaboglu G.

137 Importance and Challenges of Calculating Initial Sediment Distribution for

Sediment- and Morphodynamic Modelling in Estuaries

Pl¨

uss A.

138 Characterizing morphological process connectivity in a river delta using

in-formation theory

Sendrowsky A., Passalacqua P., Sadid K. and Meselhe E.

139 Satellite Retrieval and Numerical Modeling of Sediment Dynamics in the

Yongjiang Estuary, China

Tao J., Kuai Y. and Kang Y.

140 Modeling Morphological Changes due to Multiple Typhoons in the Danshui

River Estuary

(15)

The influence of shoal margin collapses on the morphodynamics of the

West-ern scheldt Estuary

van Dijk W.M. and Kleinhans M.G.

142 Spin-up phenomenon in morphodynamic modelling

Wang Z.B. and van der Werf J.

143 Modeling the impact of spatially-variable vegetation on hydrological

connec-tivity in river deltas

Wright K., Hiatt M. and Passalacqua P.

144 Field Observations of Short-term Sediment Dynamic Processes on Intertidal

Zone of Jiangsu Coast, China

Xu B., Gong Z., Zhang Q., Zhou J., Zhou Z. and Zhang C.

145 Analysis of channel deposition and erosion in Yongjiang River, China

Zhang Q.

146 RIVERS

Contrasting alternate bar patterns under sub- and super-resonant

morpho-dynamic regimes in the Alpine Rhine river

Adami L., Zolezzi G. and Bertoldi W.

147 Discharge measurment and analysis of flow resistance at large-scale flood

Akiyama Y., Sasaki Y., Hashiba M. and Yorozuya A.

148 Bankfull paleodepth scaling from clinoforms: a unique dataset from the

sandy, braided Missouri National Recreational River, USA

Alexander J.S., McElroy B.J. and Murr M.L.

149 Temporal variability of deposition and erosion in a strongly regulated

reser-voir of the upper Rhine River

Antoine G., Henault F., Le-Brun M. and Clutier A.

150 A space-marching model to assess the morphodynamic equilibrium behaviour

in a river’s backwater dominated reaches

Arkesteijn L., Labeur R.J. and Blom A.

151 Sediment transport in vegetated channel: the case of submerged vegetation.

Armanini A. and Nucci E.

152 Numerical modeling of meandering migration including the effect of slump

blocks in river bank erosion

Arnez K., Kimura I., Patsinghasanee S. and Shimizu Y.

153 Sediment transport processes on transverse bed slopes

Baar A.W., Weisscher S.A.H., Uijttewaal W.S.J. and Kleinhans M.G.

154 Hydrologic control on the root growth of Salix cuttings at the laboratory

scale

(16)

Study of the 3D flow patterns developed in a bend near a bifurcation in

Mezcalapa River, Mexico

Berezowsky M., Rivera F., Soto G. and Mendoza A.

156 River restoration: a strategy to flush fine clogged sediments?

Berni C., Herrero A., Perret E., Buﬀet A., Thollet F. and Camenen B.

157 The dynamics of a gravel-sand transition

Blom A., Chavarr´ıas V. and Viparelli E.

158 Numerical modeling of meander morphodynamics affected by internal

bound-ary conditions

Bogoni M., Nittrouer J.A., Cantelli A. and Lanzoni S.

159 Sediment transport study for rough sand bed using CT scan and PIV

mea-surements

Brunelle C.B., Francus P., Des Roches M., Daigle L.F., Perret E. and Camenen B.

160 The sand dunes of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, USA

Buscombe D., Kaplinski M., Grams P.E., Ashley T., McElroy B.J. and Rubin D.M.

161 Contemporaneity between floods and storms: the case study of the province

of Reggio Calabria (Italy)

Canale C., Barbaro G., Foti G. and Puntorieri P.

162 Low-energy stream morphodynamics

Candel J.H.J., Makaske B., Storms J.E. A., Kamstra B.R.W., Kijm N. and Wallinga J.

163 Basin-scale temporal evolution of the discharge and angular momentum

ra-tios at confluences: The case of the Upper-Rhˆ

one watershed

Cardot R., Moradi G., Fatichi S., Molnar P., Mettra F. and Lane S.N.

164 Field-based gravel fluxes measurements in a wandering river to assess

sedi-ment mobility downstream a dam (Durance River, Southern French Alps)

Chapuis M., Legr`eve K., Kateb L., Dufour S., Couvert B., Doddoli C. and Provansal M.

165 A strategy to avoid ill-posedness in mixed sediment morphodynamics

Chavarr´ıas V., Stecca G., Labeur R.J. and Blom A.

166 Limiting the development of riparian vegetation in the Is`

ere River: a

phys-ical and numerphys-ical modelling study

Claude N., El kadi Abderrezzak K., Duclercq M., Tassi P. and Leroux C.

167 Sorting waves in heterogeneous sediment mixtures

Colombini M. and Carbonari C.

168 Bedload tranport rate fluctuations in a flume with alternate bars under

steady state conditions

Dhont B. and Ancey C.

169 Cohesive bank erosion processes identified from UAV imagery during an

ex-ceptional low water level event

(17)

Comparision of Flow and Sediment Transport between a Symmetric and

Asymmetric Bifurcation: searching for Bulle-Effect at assymetric

bifurca-tions

Dutta S., Fischer P. and Garcia M.H.

171 The Response of Braiding Intensity to Varying Discahrge

Egozi R. and Ashmore P.

172 Dam-break flow over mobile bed: detailed velocity field measurements

Fent I. and Soares-Fraz˜

ao S.

173 Quadrant analysis of high-turbulent flows

Fernandez C., Bateman A. and Medina V.

174 Velocity estimation of high-concentrated flows: sensitivity analysis with

main parameters included in the Bagnold equation

Fichera A., Termini D. and Castelli F.

175 Equilibrium width for sand and gravel bed rivers with cohesive erodible

banks

Francalanci S., Lanzoni S., Solari L. and Papanicolaou A.N.

176 Dam-break induced sediment transport in a channel with a 90° bend

Franzini F., Abou-Habib M., Michaux J. and Soares-Fraz˜

ao S.

177 Long term effects of water mills on the longitudinal river profile and the

trapping efficiency of floodplains

Frings R.M., Maaß A.L., Sch¨

uttrumpf H. and Blom A.

178 Effect of cross-channel variation on the uncertainty of bed-load

measure-ments: Universal guidelines for sampling bed-load in sand- and gravel-bed

rivers

Frings R.M. and Vollmer S.

179 Backwater development by wood in lowland streams

Geertsema T.J., Torfs P.J.J.F., Teuling A.J., Eekhout J.P.C. and Hoitink A.J.F.

180 Bedload Transport and Particle Motion Statistics: Insights from Direct

Nu-merical Simulations and Stochastic Models

Gonz´alez C., Richter D.H, Bolster D., Calantoni J. and Escauriaza C.

181 Multiscale challenges in bio-geomorphic modeling of tidal marshes

Gourgue O., van Belzen J., Schwarz C., Bouma T.J., van de Koppel J., Meire P. and

Temmer-man S.

182 Sand Pulses and Sand Patches on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon

Grams P.E., Buscombe D., Topping D.J. and Mueller E.R.

183 Morphological influences on grain-scale roughness across a gravel bar in a

fluvial environment

Groom J. and Friedrich H.

184 Encontro das Aguas, Manaus, Brazil: Twenty years later

(18)

Bed Load transport of sediment mixtures in laboratory flume: Synchronized

measuring with ADCP and Digital Camera

Guerrero M., Conevski S., Bombardier J., Ruther N. and Rennie C.D.

186 Bedforms-ATM, a free software aimed to standardize the analysis of

bed-forms

Gutierrez R.R., Mallma J.A., Abad J.D. and Nunez-Gonzalez F.

187 River morphology and river regime alteration after dam construction in the

Kor River, Sothern Iran

Haghighi A.T., Yilmaz N., Darabi H. and Kløve B.

188 On the sediment scour-deposition mechanism around a new structure for

management of river bend bank erosion

Hajibehzad M.S. and Shafai Bajestan M.

189 Influence of riverbed deformation on flood flow in the Omoto river flood

disaster 2016, Japan

Harada D., Egashira S., Yorozuya A. and Iwami Y.

190 Setting the Stage for Levee Building Processes

Hassenruck-Gudipati H.J., Mohrig D. and Passalacqua P.

191 Initiated Natural Bank Erosion for River Bed Stabilization, Prediction and

Reality

Hengl M.

192 Insight gained from Principal Component Analysis in the analysis of river

morphodynamics and associated sediment fluxes

Heyman J., Dhont B., Ancey C. and Lague D.

193 Influence of bed-load transport on the stability of step-pool systems

Hohernuth B. and Weitbrecht V.

194 Estimation of Riverbed Deformation by Assimilating Water-Level and

Dis-charge Data into Quasi-2D Fixed Bed Hydraulic Model

Hoshino T. and Yasuda H.

195 Coastal System Resiliance Under Increased Storminess

Houseago R.C., Parsons D.R. and McLelland S.

196 Development and application of real-time scour monitoring techniques in

gravel-bed river

Hsu S., Chang Y., Sun C. and Hung P.

197 Operational monitoring of turbidity in rivers - Validation of remote sensing

data

Hucke D., Hillebrand G., Bascheck B. and Winterscheid A.

198 Damping Effect of Growth of Alternate Bars by Regularly Arranging

Struc-tures along both Side Walls in Constant-width Straight Channel

Igarashi T., Hoshino T., Tonegawa A. and Yasuda H.

199 Morphological evolution of an artificial spawning pad: Field monitoring and

numerical modeling

(19)

Morphodynamics of the Mezcalapa Bifurcation, in Tabasco, Mexico

Joselina E.A., Jos`e Alfredo G.V. and Jorge B.Z.

201 Impact of flow fluctuations on suspended transport under the presence of

lateral embayments

Juez C., Thalmann M., Schleiss A.J. and Franca M.J.

202 Studies on Weak Secondary Flows in Sharply Curved Bends Using 3D CFD

Model

Kang T., Kimura I. and Shimizu Y.

203 Linking Fluvial and Aeolian Morphodynamics in the Grand Canyon, USA

Kasprak A., Bangen S., Buscombe D., Caster J., East A., Grams P.E. and Sankey J.

204 Crystalline Travertine Ripple Bedforms in Ancient Rome’s Aqueducts

Keenan-Jones D., Motta D., Shosted R.K., Perillo M., Garcia M.H. and Fouke B.

205 Sediment yield estimation in the Upper Kebir catchment, northeast of

Al-geria

Khanchoul K. and Tourki M.

206 Numerical modeling of sediment deposition around a finite patch of

emer-gent vegetation

Kim H.S., Kimura I., Park M. and Choi J.

207 Study on Bed Variation at a River Confluence Associated with the Barrage

Water

Kubo H., Takata S., Okamoto Y., Kanda K. and Michioku K.

208 Influence of Flow Resistance Change on Hydrographs in a Basin

Kudo S., Yorozuya A., Harada D. and Fueta T.

209 1D-numerical modelling of suspended sediment dynamics in a regulated river

Launay M., Dugu´e V., Le Coz J. and Camenen B.

210 Fine sediment transport dynamics in a heavily urbanised UK river system:

a challenge for the ’First-Flush’ model

Lawler D. and Wilkes M.

211 Stability of parallel river channels created by a longitudinal training wall

Le T.B., Crosato A. and Uijttewaal W.S.J.

212 Study on bedrock river migration and stable countermeasures in the reach

of bridge

Liao C.T., Yeh K.C., Jhong R.K. and Li K.W.

213 Alluvial point bars above a simulated bedrock in annular flume flow

Lima A.C., Taguchi S., Ozawa H. and Izumi N.

214 Hydraulic evaluation of longitudinal training dams

Linge B.W., van Vuren S., Rongen G.W.F., Mosselman E. and Uijttewaal W.S.J.

215 3D Morphodynamic Modeling of River Bends in the Lower Mississippi River

Lu Q., Kurum O. and Nairn R.B.

216 Morphological effects of a large flood in a step-pool Andean stream

(20)

Distribution of grarelated parameters in collisional transport layer of

in-tense bed load

Matouˇsek V., Zrostl´ık ˇ

S., Fraccarollo L., Prati A. and Larcher M.

218 Evaluation of streamflow in Pastora Meander bend with semipermeable

bendway weirs

Mel´endez M., Abad J.D. and Cabrera J.

219 Migration of meandering rivers junction modeled numerically

Mendoza A., Abad J.D., Li Z. and Arroyo-Gomez M.

220 Stationary alternate bars from theory

Mewis P.

221 SAR remote sensing of river morphodynamic on a monthly basis

Mitidieri F., Papa M.P., Amitrano D. and Ruello P.

222 A 2 Dimensional Study and Comparision of Migration and Skewness in

Al-luvial and Bedrock Meanders

Mishra J., Inoue T. and Shimizu Y.

223 Flow structure at low momentum ratio river confluences

Moradi G., Rennie C.D., Cardot R., Mettra F. and Lane S.N.

224 The combined effects of local slope and pressure gradient on bed instability

Morales R.B. and Izumi N.

225 Estimation of sediment yield using RUSLE in Japan

Morita K. and Udo K.

226 Theoretical bifurcation stability for rivers with adjusting widths

Mosselman E.

227 Effects of dam construction on the Ribb River bed topography

Mulatu C.A. and Crosato A.

228 River dune morphodynamics at the grain scale

Naqshband S., Hoitink A.J.F. and McElroy B.J.

229 Numerical experiments on the effect of channel curvature and unsteady flow

on bed morphology and bed-surface sorting

Nelson P.A. and Brown R.A.

230 Role of Grainsize Sorting in the Long-term Morphodynamics of

Sedimen-tary Systems

Nones M. and Di Silvio G.

231 Discharge and Sediment: Dominating factors influencing the path of river

-A Case study on Otofuke River in Japan

Okabe K., Mishra J., Shimizu Y., Hasegawa K., Shinjo K., Muranaka T. and Sumitomo H. 232

Insights on Morphological Patterns at River Contractions

Oliveto G.

233 Equilibrium scour morphology downstream of rock sills under unsteady flow

conditions

(21)

Hydraulic jump in curved rivers: analysis of the dissipative process

Palermo M. and Pagliara S.

235 Bed Instability with the Effect of Density Stratification

Pen S., Izumi N. and Lima A.C.

236 Quantifying the active channel dynamics in gravel bed rivers: a laboratory

investigation

Redolﬁ M., Bertoldi W. and Tubino M.

237 Impact of the Weir Geesthacht on bedload transport of the River Elbe

be-tween Neu Darchau and Hamburg

Riedel A., Reiss M. and Winterscheid A.

238 Vegetation generated turbulence and 3D coherent structures on oscillatory

flows through aquatic vegetation

San Juan J. and Tinoco R.O.

239 Experimental investigations on free surface steady dry granular flows

Sarno L., Papa M.P. and Carleo L.

240 A flume study on the effects of flow depth on local scour and deposition at

submerged obstacles

Schloemer H. and Herget J.

241 Effects of grain size and supply rate on the transition between external and

internal clogging of immobile gravel beds with sand

Schruﬀ T., Sch¨

uttrumpf H. and Frings R.M.

242 Combining analytical theories and aerial image analysis to investigate of

al-ternate bars in the channelized Is`

ere river, SE France

Serlet A., Zolezzi G. and Gurnell A.

243 Experimental evidence for climate-driven knickpoints on an evolving

land-scape

Singh A., Tejedor A., Grimaud J. and Foufoula-Georgiou E.

244 Downstream morphological effects of sediment bypass tunnel operations: a

1D numerical study

Siviglia A., Facchini M. and Boes R.M.

245 Sand movement in bed-rock channels impacted by dams

Sloﬀ K.J. and Lighthart D.

246 Evolution of a river bifurcation formed in a postglacial area: implications

for river restoration and flood protection

S lowik M.

247 Porosity Measurement of Gravel-Sand Mixtures using 3D Photogrammetry

Tabesh M., Frings R.M. and Sch¨

uttrumpf H.

248 Longitudinal dispersion in straight alluvial rivers

Tambroni N., Ferdousi A. and Lanzoni S.

249 Channel and floodplain evolution in the Tapuaeroa River, East Cape, NZ

(22)

Investigation of sediment supply effects on pool-riffle self-maintenance

mech-anisms

Vahidi E., Bayat E., Rodr´ıguez J.F. and Saco P.

251 Mechanisms for sediment fining in a side channel system

van Denderen R.P., Schielen R.M.J. and Hulscher S.J.M.H.

252 The Role of Numerical Diffusion in River Alternate Bar Simulations

Vanzo D., Adami L., Siviglia A., Zolezzi G. and Vetsch D.F.

253 Estimates of bedload transport capacities and its relative controls on a

reach-by-reach basis along the Rhˆ

one river, France

V´

azquez-Tarr´ıo D., Tal M., Camenen B. and Pi´egay H.

254 Quantifying shape and multiscale structure of meanders with wavelets

Vermeulen B., Hoitink A.J.F., Zolezzi G., Abad J.D. and Aalto R.

255 Stochastic bar stability analysis

Vesipa R., Camporeale C. and Ridolﬁ L.

256 Experimental investigation of braided river bed-elevation dynamics

Vesipa R., Camporeale C. and Ridolﬁ L.

257 Morphological Response to Sediment Replenishment in Confined

Meander-ing Rivers

Vetsch D.F., Vonwiller L., Vanzo D. and Siviglia A.

258 Response of Free Migrating Bars to Sediment Supply Reduction

Vonwiller L., Vanzo D., Siviglia A., Zolezzi G., Vetsch D.F. and Boes R.M.

259 Hydraulic Experiments on Influence of Bank Height to the Relationship

be-tween Bank Erosion and Bar Development

Watanabe Y., Yamaguchi S., Kawakami M. and Kon N.

260 Translational Bank Migration Rate in Non-Cohesive Bank Materials

Mobi-lized as Bedload in Bends of Low to Moderate Curvature

Waterman D.M. and Garcia M.H.

261 Sediment cover dynamics in semi-alluvial urban channels

Welber M. and Ashmore P.

262 Determination of stable channel for a bedrock erosion river reach in Taiwan

Wu K, Yeh K.C., Liao C.T. and Hsieh T.C.

263 Modeling Kayak Surfing Waves using Structure-from-Motion and

Compu-tational Fluid Dynamics

Xu Y., Smithgall K.R. and Liu X.

264 Survey and Experiment of Knickpoint Migration Caused by Gravels

Trans-ported from Upstream

Yamaguchi S., Inoue T., Maeda I., Sato D. and Shimizu Y.

265 Experiments on the influence of sediment supply by the bank erosion to

channel plane form

(23)

Analysis on Morphodynamics and Evolution of Bed Forms in the Orinoco

River

Yepez S., Castellanos B., Christophoul F., Gualtieri C., Lopez J.L. and Laraque A.

267 Relationship between Precipitation, River Flow and Its Turbidity:

Fine-Structure of Water and Turbidity Data at an Upper-most Reach

Yokoo Y. and Udo K.

268 Study on Sediment Runoff in a Catchment Area

Yorozuya A., Egashira S. and Fueta T.

269 Qualitative Characterization of Gravel Clusters in an Ephemeral River: a

Case Study on Kordan River

Zarei M., Mohajeri S.H. and Samadi A.

270 Quantifying the effect of valley confinements on the long-term evolution of

meandering rivers

Zen S., Bogoni M., Zolezzi G. and Lanzoni S.

271 Experimental study on individual step-pool stability

Zhang C., Li Z., Xu M. and Wang Z.

272 Effect of bimodal bed load segregation on velocity distribution in transport

layer at high bed shear

Zrostl´ık ˇ

S. and Matouˇsek V.

273 TIDAL ENVIRONMENTS

Tidal network morphology: unravelling the potential role of the marsh

geo-morphic setting

Belliard J.-P., Temmerman S., Carniello L. and Toﬀolon M.

274 A modified hydrodynamic of shallow tidal systems may temporarily slow

down the local sea level rise facilitating the survival of salt marshes

Boelens T., De Mulder T., Schuttelaars H.M. and Schramkowski G.

275 Tidal propagation across a muddy mangrove forest in the Firth of Thames,

New Zealand

Bryan K.R., Haughey R., Horstman E.M. and Mullarney J.C.

276 Morphodynamic evolution and stratal architercure of tidal channels in the

Venice Lagoon

D’Alpaos A., Ghinassi M., Merlo G., Finotello A., Roner M. and Rinaldo A.

277 Morphodynamics of ebb-delta sandbars at a mixed-energy tidal inlet

de Bakker A., Gu´erin T. and Bertin X.

278 The Inhomogeneous Impact of Low-water Storms on Intertidal Flats

de Vet P.L.M., van Prooijen B.C., Walles B., Ysebaert T., Schrijver M.C. and Wang Z.B. 279

Morphodynamic Modelling of the Inlet Closure of the Albufeira Lagoon

(24)

Tidal asymmetries, lateral tributaries and overtides: implication for tidal

meander morphodynamics

Finotello A., Canestrelli A., Carniello L., Brivio L., Ghinassi M. and D’Alpaos A.

281 Benthic morphologies and sediment distribution in a shallow highly human

impacted tidal inlet

Fogarin S., Madricardo F., Zaggia L., Ferrarin C., Kruss A., Lorenzetti G., Manf`e G.,

Monte-reale Gavazzi G., Sigovini M. and Trincardi F.

282 Applying geospatial models to investigate the impact of sea level rise on

coastal wetland ecosystems: a comparison of two climatically contrasting

wetlands

Grenfell S.E., Callaway R.M. and Fortune F.

283 Impacts of bed slope factor on large scale fluvio-deltaic morphodynamic

de-velopment

Guo L., He Q., Zhu C. and Wang Z.B.

284 Scour hole development in tidal areas with a heterogenous subsoil lithology

Koopmans H., Huismans Y. and Uijttewaal W.S.J.

285 Autogenic Cohesivity: Modeling Vegetation Effects on Delta Morphology

and Channel Network Characteristics

Lauzon R., Murray A.B., Piliouras A. and Kim W.

286 The pervasive human impacts on the tidal channel seafloor of the Venice

Lagoon

Madricardo F., Ferrarin C., Rizzetto F., Sigovini M., Foglini F., Sarretta A., Trincardi F. and

the ISMAR Team

287 Processes creating and maintaining non-estuarine river-mouth lagoons

(ha-pua)

Measures R.J., Cochrane T.A., Hart D.E. and Hicks M.

288 Salt marsh retreat mechanism at different time scales

Mel R., Bendoni M., Steﬃnlongo D., Solari L. and Lanzoni S.

289 Water and soil temperature dynamic in very shallow tidal environments: the

role of the heat flux at the soil-water interface

Pivato M., Carniello L., Gardner J., Silvestri S. and Marani M.

290 What drives salt-marsh retreat?

Roner M., Tommasini L., Ghinassi M., Finotello A. and D’Alpaos A.

291 Modelling the plano-altimetric equilibrium morphology of tidal channels:

interplay between sediment supply, sea-level rise, and vegetation growth

Sgarabotto A., D’Alpaos A. and Lanzoni S.

292 Modelling changes in the wind-wave field within the Venice Lagoon in the

last four centuries

Tommasini L., Carniello L., Roner M., Ghinassi M. and D’Alpaos A.

293 Do algae boost landscape formation?

(25)

Modeling tidal morphodynamics at the channel-mudflat interface

van der Wegen M., de Vet L., Zhou Z., Coco G. and Jaﬀe B.

295 On the initial formation and long-term equilibrium of tidal channels

Xu F., Coco G., Tao J., Zhou Z. and Zhang C.

296 Characteristics and evolution of ebb-dominated creeks

(26)

(27)

(28)

Patricia Wiberg

Integrating models and data toward a comprehensive

characterization of hydro-eco-morpho-dynamics in a

system of shallow coastal bays

Department of Environmental Scences, University of Virginia, pw3c@virginia.edu

Vita

Patricia L. Wiberg is Professor of Environmental

Sciences at the University of Virginia, where she

has taught since 1990. Wiberg received her Ph.D.

in oceanography from the University of

Washing-ton. Her research focuses on the mechanics of

sed-iment erosion, transport and deposition, as well

as associated evolution of sediment bed properties

and morphology. Her research topics include

mech-anisms and rates of saltmarsh erosion and

accre-tion, sediment dynamics on tidal ﬂats, eﬀects of

seagrass on turbidity in coastal lagoons, and the

impacts of sea-level rise and climate change on the

evolution of coastal landscapes. She has served

as the chair of the Marine Working Group and of

the Steering Committee of the Community Surface

Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS) and is a member of the Executive Committee of

the Earth and Planetary Surface Process Focus Group within AGU.

Abstract

With co-authors: J.A. Carr, M.P. Oreska, S. Fagherazzi, I. Safak, W. Nardin, A.E.

Ferguson

Hydrodynamic, morphodynamic, and ecological processes in shallow coastal bays

are fundamentally coupled such that in most systems knowledge of one type of process

is dependent on knowledge of others. This provides both challenges and opportunities as

measurements and modeling can be leveraged to estimate related and coupled quantities.

This approach has been used in a system of shallow coastal bays on the mid-Atlantic

coast of the U.S. to build comprehensive characterizations to support both scientiﬁc

investigations and decision making. This system, referred to as the Virginia Coast

Reserve (VCR), includes 14 barrier islands sheltering about as many shallow bays of

varying sizes and conﬁgurations along with their fringing marshes. Most of the bay

bottoms are presently unvegetated, although the outer bays historically hosted dense

seagrass meadows. This system is now the subject of large-scale seagrass, oyster, and

bay scallop restoration eﬀorts to restore ecosystem functions lost decades ago to

over-harvesting and disease. The multiple bays of the system oﬀer a range of characteristics,

(29)

e.g., marsh-to-open-water ratios, while being generally comparable in terms of depth

(average depths are 1.0 m below mean sea level), tides and climatic drivers. As a result,

they provide a valuable test set for hypotheses about the responses of shallow coastal

bays, fringing marshes and related ecosystems to changes in forcing and disturbance.

To fully realize this potential requires consistent and comprehensive characterization

of a range of system properties including surface elevation, sediment characteristics,

vegetation, water quality, circulation, storm waves and storm surge. Owing to the

scale of the system and the shallow depths, neither ﬁeld sampling, remote sensing,

nor modeling alone can provide the necessary accuracy and resolution. Coupling these

approaches, however, has allowed us to develop a relatively high resolution, consistent

characterization of many key system properties. This integrative approach allows us to

explore many diﬃcult questions that depend on the coupled nature of these systems such

as: what is the potential seagrass habitat distribution when including meadow feedbacks

on ﬂow, morphology, and sediment properties?; what are the impacts of storms and

sea-level rise on sediment budgets and marsh loss?; and what is the eﬃcacy of reef and marsh

restoration for shoreline stabilization?

(30)

James Brasington

Shining New Light, Literally, on River Morphodynamics

Department of Geography, Queen Mary University of London UK,

j.brasington@qmul.ac.uk

Vita

James Brasington is Professor of Physical

Geogra-phy at Queen Mary, University of London and is

about to take up a new post as the Waikato

Re-gional Council Chair of River Science at the

Uni-versity of Waikato, New Zealand. James’ research

lies at the interface of Earth observation and Earth

surface science and focusses speciﬁcally on

quan-tifying and understanding the dynamics of river

systems and their catchments over timescales of

events-to-decades. The development of a

quan-titative river science relevant to these time and

space scales (10-1-102 km and 101-102 years) is

fundamental to the design of eﬀective management

strategies for our increasingly stressed and

popu-lated river corridors. His research aims to contribute toward this goal by synergising

observational methods and numerical modelling and focuses speciﬁcally on three

in-terrelated themes: (i) quantifying the morphodynamics of ﬂuvial systems using high

resolution remote sensing and terrestrial geomatics; (ii) multi-resolution methods to

characterize ﬂuvial processes and develop new parameterization schemes for numerical

models; and (iii) developing numerical methods to simulate ﬂood hydrology, hydraulics

and sediment transport. This work spans a wide range of physical environments from

alpine (NZ, Nepal), temperate (UK, France), to Mediterranean (Spain, California) and

arid regions (Iraq), albeit with an overriding emphasis on the patterns and processes

controlling sediment delivery and hydrology in mountain regions.

(31)

Abstract

The development of science and technology are inextricably entwined. While novel

technology is traditionally regarded as a dividend of scientiﬁc progress, the historian of

science Nicholas Rescher oﬀers a counterfactual perspective on this relationship. Rescher

argues that technology provides the fundamental means to improve on our evolutionary

heritage and expand our sensory and cognitive apparatus in order to ‘enlarge the window

through which we look upon nature’s parametric space’ (Rescher, 1999, p. 33). This

view is most emphatically illustrated by the revolutionary impact of glass and lens

technology as a catalyst for the Scientiﬁc Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries.

Arguably, the science of Geomorphology now sits on the cusp of a such a technologically

inspired wave of progress.

Innovations in sensor technology, image analysis and remotely piloted platforms are

now well-placed to shed new light, literally, on the form, structure and processes that

drive the evolving topography of our planet. These technologies have been pivotal in

the emergence of ‘high-resolution topography’ or HRT datasets, that have radically

revised the dimensionality of our science over the last two decades. Landscapes once

depicted by hard-fought cross-section surveys in the form of levelled traverses have

grad-ually been replaced by 2.5D digital terrain models captured by distributed GNSS and

robotic tacheometric measurements. More recently, these raster data models are being

augmented and superseded by sub-metre, even sub-centimetre, 3D point cloud data

acquired pseudo-synoptically by laser scanning and semi-automated photogrammetry.

In the context of river science, these latest data oﬀer tantalizing scale-free, seamless

perspectives on the form and structure of ﬂuvial systems. With the capacity to capture

3D data at the resolution of individual particles and over extents that span not just bars

and channels but entire watersheds, we now have an unparalleled opportunity to analyze

landforms and their organization from the scale of their fundamental building blocks

upwards. This analysis has the potential to transcend conventional scale boundaries

that reﬂect arguably historic constraints on sampling design and observational methods

rather than natural length scales. Indeed, Miller and Goodchild (2014) have suggested

that the emergence of such geospatial ‘Big Data’ could herald a new approach, or as

they put it, a fourth phase of science, across a wide range of spatial disciplines. They

point to a future increasingly characterized by exploratory abduction of theory from the

growing wealth of data at our ﬁngertips. While we have yet to see this approach become

established in Geomorphology, recent work by Redolﬁ et al. (2016) and Sangireddy et

al. (2017) has demonstrated how the interrogation of dense terrain data can yield new

insights into the structure of ﬂuvial and catchment topography.

High Resolution Topography is more typically used to provide ever more detailed

boundary conditions for numerical models and to develop novel parameterizations for

conventionally sub-grid properties such as roughness and particle size. However, perhaps

the most signiﬁcant untapped opportunity arising from the emergence of HRT is the

ability to quantify geomorphic change directly, accurately and contextually, through the

comparison of digital terrain models through time. This approach is well-established

methodologically (Vericat et al., 2017), but is rarely used to signiﬁcant eﬀect due to

the diﬃculties of obtaining repeat surveys at frequencies tuned eﬀectively to the key

(32)

geophysical forcing processes. Additionally, and somewhat less commonly reported,

comparison of terrain models through time also often reveals the presence of complex

systematic errors, such as datum shifts, navigation track bias and errors arising from

block bundle adjustment that might otherwise go undetected in a single terrain model.

There are however, good reasons to expect at least the former constraint to relax.

Remotely piloted vehicles, carrying improved navigation systems, cameras and even

lightweight laser scanners, provide increasingly aﬀordable systems to acquire data

ﬂex-ibly and frequently. At the same time, a growing number of open-data portals are

now oﬀering access to data routinely captured through regional and national mapping

programmes. With this prospect in mind, this presentation aims to explore the

op-portunities and challenges associated with repeat or 4D high resolution topographic

modelling, drawing on unique datasets that provide insights into the morphodynamics

of large, labile braided rivers and their response to unsteady discharge and sediment

supply.

References

Miller, H. J., and Goodchild, M. F. (2015). Data-driven geography. GeoJournal, 80(4), 449-461.

Redolﬁ, M., Tubino, M., Bertoldi, W., and Brasington, J. (2016). Analysis of reach-scale

eleva-tion distribueleva-tion in braided rivers: Deﬁnieleva-tion of a new morphologic indicator and estimaeleva-tion of

mean quantities. Water Resources Research, 52(8), 5951-5970.

Rescher, N. (1999). The Limits of Science. University of Pittsburgh Press, 282 pp.

Sangireddy, H., C. P. Stark, and P. Passalacqua (2017). Multiresolution analysis of

characteris-tic length scales with high-resolution topographic data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth

Surface, 122, 1296–1324.

Vericat, D., Wheaton, J. M., and Brasington, J. (2017). Revisiting the Morphological

Ap-proach: Opportunities and Challenges with Repeat High-Resolution Topography. Gravel-Bed

Rivers: Process and Disasters, 121.

(33)

(34)

Paola Passalacqua

Connectivity in river deltas: Observations, modeling, and

implications to coastal resilience

Aﬃliation: Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering,

University of Texas at Austin, paola@austin.utexas.edu

Vita

Paola Passalacqua is an Associate Professor of

En-vironmental and Water Resources Engineering, in

the Civil, Architectural and Environmental

Engi-neering Department at the University of Texas at

Austin. She graduated summa cum laude from

the University of Genoa, Italy, with a BS (2002)

in Environmental Engineering, and received a MS

(2005) and a PhD (2009) in Civil Engineering from

the University of Minnesota. Her research

inter-ests include network analysis and dynamics of

hy-drologic and environmental transport on river

net-works and deltaic systems, lidar and satellite

im-agery analysis, multi-scale analysis of hydrological

processes, and quantitative analysis and modeling

of landscape forming processes. Dr. Passalacqua

has been honored with the National Science

Foun-dation CAREER award (2014) and several

teach-ing awards includteach-ing the 2016 Association of

Envi-ronmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP) Award for Outstanding

Teach-ing in Environmental EngineerTeach-ing and Science. She currently serves as Associate Editor

for Geophysical Research Letters and Earth Surface Dynamics.

Abstract

Introduction

Sea-level rise, subsidence, hypoxia, and pollutant intrusion in the groundwater are some

of the main factors that put many coastal systems around the world, their

popula-tions, and ecosystems at great risk. Recent restoration strategies rely on nature-based

engineering to allow coastal systems to respond to changes in environmental forcing

based on their natural hydrodynamic and morphodynamic functioning. I will cover an

overview of current knowledge on delta systems and research challenges and describe a

framework based on connectivity to study deltaic systems. This framework, called Delta

Connectome [Passalacqua, 2017], analyzes deltas as networks, which can be composed

of physical objects, such as channels and junction/bifurcation nodes, or variables and

process couplings. I will quantify diﬀerent types of connectivity relying on two main

(35)

study areas and numerical modeling. Most of the ﬁeld observations have been collected

at the Wax Lake Delta (WLD), a naturally prograding delta in coastal Louisiana formed

by a river diversion for ﬂood control. Another study area is the

Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta (GBMD), characterized by a complex surface channel network, signiﬁcant

environmental forcing and human modiﬁcations. Numerical modeling is used for

iden-tifying the factors controlling connectivity among surface patterns, the surface and the

subsurface, and under scenarios of changing forcing.

Connectivity analysis

The Wax Lake Delta (WLD), a O(100) km

2

delta formed in the last 40 years from a

ﬂood control diversion of the Atchafalaya River, is considered a prototype of river

diver-sion. Thus, this system oﬀers the opportunity to quantify the connectivity of channels

and islands in a naturally prograding delta. Based on Acoustic Doppler Current Proﬁler

(ADCP) measurements we have quantiﬁed the hydrological exchange of channels and

islands and found that the channel network of deltaic systems can be leaky. At WLD,

channels can transfer up to 50island [Hiatt and Passalacqua, 2015] as the ﬂow transitions

from conﬁned to unconﬁned [Hiatt and Passalacqua, 2017]. Hydrodynamic modeling

shows that the transition from confined to unconfined flow is mainly controlled by the

relative roughness of channels and islands. This exchange of water has implications to

delta ecology and morphology. Increased hydraulic residence times within the islands

could lead to increased potential for denitriﬁcation. Water transports sediment, leading

to sediment deposition in the island interior [e.g., Shaw et al., 2016]. We also collected

water level measurements every 15 minutes in most of the WLD islands, and discharge,

wind, and tides data from nearby measurement stations. Using information theory, we

measured transfer entropy and mutual information among variables to quantify process

couplings [Sendrowski and Passalacqua, 2017]. We found that the relative roughness

of channels and islands plays an important role in process connectivity, conﬁrming the

results described above; changes through time show a decrease in hydrological

connectiv-ity as vegetation cover increases in the summer months. Through numerical modeling,

we quantiﬁed this connectivity threshold and explained it with percolation theory. The

geometry and connectivity of surface networks could be used for quantitative modeling

of the subsurface. This is important in particular for large and heterogeneous systems

as the GBMD where pollutants are present in the groundwater. The model DeltaRCM

is used under diﬀerent environmental forcing scenarios [Liang et al., 2016] to understand

delta response and mechanisms of translation of surface information into the subsurface.

Conclusions

Using network representations, ﬁeld observations, and modeling, we have quantiﬁed

diﬀerent types of connectivity in deltas: (i) channel-island, (ii) process couplings, (iii)

surface-subsurface. The delta emerges as a leaky network that evolves over time and

is characterized by continuous exchanges of ﬂuxes of matter, energy, and information.

Connectivity has implications to delta functioning, land growth, and nutrient removal.

(36)

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-1350336,

FESD/OCE-1135427, OCE-1600222). A special thank you to Matt Hiatt, Alicia

Sendrowski, Man Liang, Kyle Wright, and David Mohrig.

References

Hiatt, M. and P. Passalacqua (2015), Hydrological connectivity in river deltas: The ﬁrst-order

importance of channel-island exchange, Water Resources Research, 51, 2264-2282,

doi:10.1002/2014WR016149.

Hiatt, M. and P. Passalacqua (2017), What controls the transition from conﬁned to unconﬁned

ﬂow? Analysis of hydraulics in a coastal river delta, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 143, 6,

doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001309.

Liang, M., W. Kim, P. Passalacqua (2016), How much subsidence is enough to change the

mor-phology of river deltas?, Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 19, 10266-10276,

doi:10.1002/2016GL070519.

Passalacqua, P. (2017), The Delta Connectome: A network-based framework for studying

con-nectivity in river deltas, Geomorphology, 277, 50-62, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.001.

Sendrowski, A. and P. Passalacqua (2017), Process connectivity in a naturally prograding river

delta, Water Resources Research, 53, doi:10.1002/2016WR019768.

Shaw, J. B., Mohrig, D., and Wagner, R. W. (2016). Flow patterns and morphology of a

prograd-ing river delta, Journal of Geophysical Research, 121, 2, 372–391, doi: 10.1002/2015JF003570.

(37)

(38)

Tjeerd Bouma

Small-scale process as driver of large-scale dynamics in

coastal vegetation: an ecologist view on biogeomorphology

NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and

Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The

Netherlands

Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box

11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands

University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, The Netherlands

tjeerd.bouma@NIOZ.nl

Vita

Education and current positions

Tjeerd J. Bouma studied biology at Utrecht University (NL), did a PhD in the ﬁeld of

Plant Physiology at the Wageningen University NL (i.e., quantifying maintenance costs

in agricultural crops), followed by a post-doc in the ﬁeld of Plant Ecology at

Penn-sylvania State University USA (i.e., quantifying drought stress on energy use and root

longevity in fruit trees). Since then he has worked at the NIOZ-Yerseke (former

NIOO-CEME) on the ecology of tidal wetlands in estuaries and delta’s. Tjeerd Bouma has a

strong interest in crossing the border between fundamental and applied research, and

holds both an honorary Professorship at the University of Groningen, and a Lectureship

at the HZ University of Applied Sciences in Vlissingen.