• No results found

A method to judge the internal risk of establishments with dangerous substances | RIVM

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "A method to judge the internal risk of establishments with dangerous substances | RIVM"

Copied!
103
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1)5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI. 5,905HSRUW $ PHWKRGWRMXGJHWKHLQWHUQDOULVNRI HVWDEOLVKPHQWVZLWKGDQJHURXVVXEVWDQFHV. 3$08LMWGH+DDJ*0+/DKHLM-*3RVW %-0$OH/-%HOODP\# 6DYH&RQVXOWLQJ6FLHQWLVWV. #. $XJXVW. 'LW RQGHU]RHN ZHUG YHUULFKW LQ RSGUDFKW YDQ KHW 0LQLVWHULH YDQ 6RFLDOH =DNHQ HQ :HUNJHOHJHQKHLGLQKHWNDGHUYDQSURMHFWQU 7KLVUHSRUWKDVEHHQFRPPLVVLRQHGE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI6RFLDO$IIDLUVDQG(PSOR\PHQWZLWKLQ WKHIUDPHZRUNRISURMHFW 5,9032%R[%$%LOWKRYHQWHOID[.

(2) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW.

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

(4) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW. 6DPHQYDWWLQJ 2S JURQG YDQ KHW µ%HVOXLW 5LVLFR¶V =ZDUH 2QJHYDOOHQ ¶ PRHW GH $UEHLGVLQVSHFWLH HHQ RRUGHHO JHYHQ RYHU GH DDQYDDUGEDDUKHLG YDQ GH ULVLFR¶V YRRU ZHUNQHPHUV WHQ JHYROJH YDQ ]ZDUHRQJHYDOOHQ]RDOVEHVFKUHYHQLQKHWYHLOLJKHLGVUDSSRUW2PWRWHHQRRUGHHOWHNRPHQ PRHWGHLQVSHFWHXU]RZHOQDJDDQRIGHULVLFR¶VFRUUHFW]LMQEHUHNHQGHQZHHUJHJHYHQHQGH EHUHNHQGH ULVLFR¶V YHUJHOLMNHQ PHW HHQ VHW YDQ QRUPHQ ,Q GLW UDSSRUW ZRUGW HHQ PHWKRGH EHVFKUHYHQ YRRU KHW EHRRUGHOHQ YDQ GH DDQYDDUGEDDUKHLG YDQ GH ULVLFR¶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±  î   SHU MDDU WH OLJJHQ YRRU GH JURHS PHW KHW JURRWVWH ULVLFR . ,Q GH EHRRUGHOLQJVPHWKRGH ZRUGHQ GH NDQV YDQ RSWUHGHQ YDQ HHQ VFHQDULR HQ GH HIIHFWHQ ]RDOVEHVFKUHYHQLQKHWYHLOLJKHLGVUDSSRUWJHYHULILHHUGDDQGHKDQGYDQHHQVWHHNSURHI'H YROJHQGHPHWKRGHZRUGWKLHUELMJHKDQWHHUG(HUVWZRUGWHHQVWDQGDDUGLQVWDOODWLHJHGHILQLHHUG GLH QLHW EHw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wOOXVWUHHUGDDQGHKDQGYDQHHQSLORWVWXGLH. 'H PHWKRGH ]RDOV EHVFKUHYHQ LQ GLW UDSSRUW YRUPW HHQ HHUVWH VWDS LQ GH RQWZLNNHOLQJ YDQ HHQ FRPSOHWH PHWKRGH YRRU KHW EHRRUGHOHQ YDQ GH DDQYDDUGEDDUKHLG YDQ GH ULVLFR¶V YRRU ZHUNQHPHUV.

(5) 5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI. 6XPPDU\ 8QGHUWKHµ+D]DUGVRI0DMRU$FFLGHQWV'HFUHH¶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±  î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

(6) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW. &RQWHQWV */266$5<  . ,1752'8&7,21  . . 35(6(17$7,212)7+(5,6. 67(3

(7)  .  . 352&('85()25-8'*,1*7+($&&(37$%,/,7<2)5,6.   5,6.$&&(37$1&(&5,7(5,$ 67(36$1'

(8)  .  &5,7(5,$%$6('213(5)250$1&(,1',&$7256    35(6(1&(2)(03/2<((6 µ)520:+$7¶ 25µ72:+20¶ $3352$&+    ,1',9,'8$/5,6.25*52835,6.$1'7+($9(5$*,1*2)5,6.    5,6.3(56&(1$5,2$1'3(56,7(    5,6.&5,7(5,$3(5(67$%/,6+0(17    '(),1,7,212)$0,1,0805,6.$&&(37$1&(/,0,7    6WDWLVWLFVRQPRUWDOLW\DQGPRUELGLW\   5LVNDFFHSWDQFHOLPLWV   'LVFXVVLRQ   5,6.&5,7(5,$'$7$%$6(  . . (9$/8$7,212)7+(6&(1$5,2635(6(17(',17+(6$)(7< 5(3257 67(3

(9)  .  ,1752'8&7,21   &5,7(5,$)25-8'*,1*7+(6(/(&7,21352&('85(    6(/(&7,212)$&7,9,7,(6$1'(48,30(17)$,/85(672%('(6&5,%('    ',5(&7)$,/85(&$86(672%(',6&866('    3LSHOLQHV    6WRUDJHYHVVHOV .  . 6(/(&7,212)$6$03/()5207+(,167$//$7,216$1' 6&(1$5,26)257+(-8'*,1*352&(66 67(3

(10)   9(5,),&$7,212)7+(352%$%,/,7<$1'&216(48(1&( $66(660(17 67(3

(11)  .  /2662)&217$,10(176&(1$5,26$1'7+(67$1'$5'/,1(62)'()(1&(   $FWLYLWLHVDQGHTXLSPHQW   'HILQLWLRQRIWKHVWDQGDUGV\VWHP    6WDQGDUGOLQHVRIGHIHQFH   )DLOXUHIUHTXHQFLHVDQGIDLOXUHFDXVHV   &RQVHTXHQFHVRIDORVVRIFRQWDLQPHQW    68%67$1&(63(&,),&)$,/85(&$86(6$1'/,1(62)'()(1&(    'HVFULSWLRQRIWKHVXEVWDQFH   $GGLWLRQDOIDLOXUHFDXVHV    $GGLWLRQDOOLQHVRIGHIHQFH   (YDOXDWLRQ   )$,/85(&$86(6$1'/,1(62)'()(1&(,15(/$7,21727+(6855281',1*6  .

(12) 5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI.  'HVFULSWLRQRIWKHVXUURXQGLQJV    $GGLWLRQDOIDLOXUHFDXVHV    $GGLWLRQDOOLQHVRIGHIHQFH   (YDOXDWLRQ   9$/8$7,212)7+(/,1(62)'()(1&(   ())(&7,9(1(662)(;75$/,1(62)'()(1&(    3LSHOLQHV    6WRUDJHYHVVHOV . . 3,/27678'<  . . &21&/86,216  .  '(7(50,1$7,212)7+(/2662)&217$,10(17(9(176    3LSHOLQHV    6WRUDJHYHVVHOV   '(7(50,1$7,212)7+()$,/85()5(48(1&,(6)257+(67$1'$5'6<67(0    3LSHOLQHV    6WRUDJHYHVVHOV   '(7(50,1$7,212)7+(&216(48(1&(6)257+(67$1'$5'6<67(0   '(7(50,1$7,212)$'',7,21$/)$,/85(&$86(6'8(727+(68%67$1&($1' $'',7,21$//,1(62)'()(1&(    6SHFLILFIDLOXUHFDXVHV    6SHFLILFOLQHVRIGHIHQFH   '(7(50,1$7,212)$'',7,21$/)$,/85(&$86(6'8(727+(6855281',1*6$1' $'',7,21$//,1(62)'()(1&(    6SHFLILFIDLOXUHFDXVHV    6SHFLILFOLQHVRIGHIHQFH   '(7(50,1$7,212)7+(&216(48(1&(62)5(35(66,9(/,1(62)'()(1&(    (9$/8$7,21   3LSHOLQHV    6WRUDJHYHVVHOV   &RPSDULVRQZLWKWKHHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQW . $33(1',; $33(1',; $33(1',; $33(1',; $33(1',; $33(1',;. 5,6.&5,7(5,$ . $&7,9,7,(6$7(67$%/,6+0(176:+2+$9(723529,'($ 6$)(7<5(3257727+(&203(7(17$87+25,7,(6 0$5&+

(13)   /2662)&217$,10(17(9(176)25(;7(51$/6$)(7<   )$,/85()5(48(1&,(62)(48,30(17  . $5($6&29(5('%<7+(/,)(7+5($7(1,1*9$/8($1' $/$50/,0,79$/8()25',))(5(1768%67$1&( &$7(*25,(6 . 0$,/,1*/,67 . 5()(5(1&(6  .

(14) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW.

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

(17) LVVKRZQDVD IXQFWLRQRI1. 7KHSUREDELOLW\RIDVSHFLILFHIIHFWRFFXUULQJZLWKLQDVSHFLILHGSHULRG WR D VSHFLILHG QXPEHU RI SHUVRQV VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ ,I WKH QXPEHU RI SHUVRQVLVQRWVSHFLILHGRQHRUPRUHSHUVRQVDUHPHDQW)RULQVWDQFH D JURXSULVNRI SHU\HDUPHDQVWKDWWKHJURXSKDVDSUREDELOLW\RI WKDWDWOHDVWRQHSHUVRQRIWKHJURXSVXIIHUVWKHHIIHFWLQDWLPH .

(18) SDJHRI. LQGLYLGXDOULVN. 5,90UHSRUW. SHULRGRIRQH\HDU. 7KHSUREDELOLW\RIDVSHFLILFHIIHFWRFFXUULQJZLWKLQDVSHFLILHGSHULRG IRU DQ LGHQWLILDEOH SHUVRQ RU IXQFWLRQ

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

(20)  RU WR UHGXFH WKH HIIHFWV RI D ORVV RI FRQWDLQPHQW UHSUHVVLYH

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«

(23)  WKH IDLOXUH RI WKH OLQHV RI GHIHQFH WR SUHYHQW D ORVV RI FRQWDLQPHQW WKH ORVV RI FRQWDLQPHQW  WKH DFWLRQV WR PLQLPLVH WKH FRQVHTXHQFHVRIWKHORVVRIFRQWDLQPHQWDQGWKHFRQVHTXHQFHV. /LQHVRIGHIHQFHJLYHQLQSUHVFULSWLYHOHJLVODWLRQUHJXODWRU\JXLGDQFH DQGWKHVWDQGDUGVSURGXFHGE\VWDQGDUGPDNLQJRUJDQLVDWLRQV 7KHSURFHVVWRHYDOXDWHDQGUDWHIRULQVWDQFHDOLQHRIGHIHQFH.

(24) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW.

(25) 5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI.  ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KH µ+D]DUGV RI 0DMRU $FFLGHQWV 'HFUHH ¶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rticle 16 1. The administrative authorities referred to in Article 15, paragraph three, and the official designated by Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment as referred to in Section 32 of the Working Conditions Act shall evaluate the safety report and shall, through the competent authority, inform the operator of the establishment in writing, within six months of receipt of the safety report, of their assessment of the acceptability of the hazards identified in the report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µKDUGZDUH¶ OLQHV RI GHIHQFH DQG DUH WKHUHIRUH FRPSOHPHQWDU\ WR $95,0 %RWK V\VWHPV VKRXOG EH XVHG MRLQWO\ LQ MXGJLQJ WKH ULVN RI DQ HVWDEOLVKPHQW.

(26) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW.

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¶V DVVHVVPHQW +RZHYHU VLQFH LW LV QRW ZRUWKZKLOH WR YHULI\ DOO VFHQDULRV SUHVHQWHG LQ WKH VDIHW\ UHSRUW D VDPSOH RI VFHQDULRV VKRXOG EH VHOHFWHG IRU YHULILFDWLRQ &KDSWHU  JLYHV EDFNJURXQG LQIRUPDWLRQ WR VHOHFW D VDPSOHRIVFHQDULRV  9HULI\LQJWKHRSHUDWRU¶VDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHSUREDELOLW\DQGFRQVHTXHQFHV )RU WKH VDPSOH RI VFHQDULRV VHOHFWHG WKH ODERXU VDIHW\ LQVSHFWRU YHULILHV WKH RSHUDWRU¶V DVVHVVPHQWRIWKHSUREDELOLW\DQGWKHFRQVHTXHQFHV7KHUREXVWQHVVRIWKHOLQHVRIGHIHQFH LV DOVR FKHFNHG ,I WKH RSHUDWRU¶V DVVHVVPHQW LV QRW FRUUHFW WKH ULVNV DUH QRW FRUUHFWO\ SUHVHQWHGLQWKHVDIHW\UHSRUWDQGWKHMXGJLQJSURFHGXUHHQGV&KDSWHURXWOLQHVDPHWKRG WRYHULI\WKHSUREDELOLW\DQGWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVRIWKHVFHQDULRV  9HULI\LQJWKHXVHRIEHVWDYDLODEOHWHFKQLTXH )LQDOO\WKHODERXUVDIHW\LQVSHFWRULQYHVWLJDWHVZKHWKHUWKHRSHUDWRURIDQHVWDEOLVKPHQWLV XVLQJ WKH DYDLODEOH VWDQGDUGV DQG WKH EHVW SUDFWLFDOO\

(29)  DYDLODEOH WHFKQLTXHV (YHQ LI WKH ULVNVDUHFDOFXODWHGFRUUHFWO\DQGDUHDFFHSWDEOHDFFRUGLQJWRWKHRSHUDWRU¶VFULWHULDDQGWKH DFFHSWDQFH FULWHULD DGRSWHG E\ WKH 0LQLVWU\ RI 6RFLDO $IIDLUV DQG (PSOR\PHQW WKH RSHUDWRURIDQHVWDEOLVKPHQWLVREOLJHGWRPHHWWKHVWDQGDUGVDQGDSSO\WKH$/$5$ $V /RZ$V5HDVRQDEO\$FKLHYDEOH

(30) SULQFLSOHE\EDODQFLQJULVNUHGXFWLRQDQGVDFULILFHV &KDSWHULQFOXGHVDSLORWVWXG\GHPRQVWUDWLQJWKHHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHVFHQDULRV VWHSV

(31) . ,QWKHIORZFKDUW )LJXUH

(32) WKHMXGJLQJSURFHGXUHLVWHUPLQDWHGDVVRRQDVRQHRIWKHVWHSVLV QRWFDUULHGRXW)RULQVWDQFHLIWKHVDIHW\PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHP±FKHFNHGDJDLQVWWKH1,95,0 FKHFNOLVW±LVDGHTXDWH VWHS

(33) EXWWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHULVNLVQRW VWHS

(34) WKHSURFHGXUH HQGVZLWKRXWFDUU\LQJRXWWKHVWHSV±DQGWKHVDIHW\UHSRUWLVWKHQGHHPHGQRWDFFHSWDEOH ,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWFRQWLQXDWLRQRIWKHMXGJLQJSURFHGXUHLIRQHRUPRUHFULWHULDDUHQRW PHW PD\ EH FRQVWUXHG DV WKDW WKH LQVSHFWRU DFFHSWV WKLV 7KLV PD\ ODWHU OHDG WR LQGHILQLWH VLWXDWLRQVDQGOHJDOFRQVHTXHQFHVWKDWDUHLQGLVWLQFW.

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

(36) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW.

(37) 5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI.  3UHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHULVN VWHS

(38) 7KH VDIHW\ UHSRUW VKRXOG JLYH LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH ULVN RI DQ HVWDEOLVKPHQW ,Q VWHS  RI WKH MXGJLQJSURFHVV VHH)LJXUH

(39) WKHUHLVDFKHFNGRQHWRVHHZKHWKHUWKHULVNVDUHVKRZQLQWKH VDIHW\UHSRUWDQGZKHWKHUWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHULVNLVVDWLVIDFWRU\ 7KHLQIRUPDWLRQUHTXLUHGLQWKHVDIHW\UHSRUWLVGHVFULEHGLQWKHµ+D]DUGVRI0DMRU$FFLGHQWV 5HJXODWLRQV¶>@7KHVDIHW\UHSRUWVKRXOGFRQWDLQDVHWRIVFHQDULRVIRUHDFK SDUWRI WKH

(40) LQVWDOODWLRQZKHUHULVNVRIDPDMRUDFFLGHQWDUHJUHDWHVW(OHPHQWVWREHLQFOXGHGLQWKH GHVFULSWLRQRIWKHVFHQDULRVDUHGHVFULEHGLQ$UWLFOHRIWKH5HJXODWLRQV>@ Article 5 1. The description of the scenarios referred to in Annex III, at 1 (k), to the Decree shall relate to the parts of installations with which the greatest risks of a major accident are associated. The parts of installations concerned shall be identified using a method described in the safety report. 2. In describing the scenarios referred to in paragraph one, consideration will at least be given to which of the following incidents can initiate such scenarios: corrosion, erosion, external loading, impact, overpressure, underpressure, low temperature, high temperature, vibration, human error during use, alteration or maintenance. 3. The qualitative probability and the effects should be given for each scenario, as well as the measures which have been taken to prevent the scenario from occurring. Furthermore, so that the acceptability of the hazards can be assessed, a coherent account should be given, allowing for the measures already taken, of: a. the residual probability of occurrence of a major accident; b. the severity of the consequences of the accident in that case; c. the additional measures technically possible to further reduce the probability of a major accident to a level therein indicated; d. an indication of the costs of taking the measures referred to at c. 4. The scenarios should be chosen so as to show that the complete system of technical and procedural measures and facilities will control the hazards of major accidents to a sufficient degree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

(41) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW. 7DEOHFRQWLQXHG  4XDOLWDWLYHHVWLPDWLRQRIWKHSUREDELOLW\DQGWKHPDJQLWXGHRIWKHFRQVHTXHQFHV RIDVFHQDULR $ WKHFRQVHTXHQFHVVKRXOGDGGUHVVWKHKDUPFDXVHGWRHPSOR\HHV VHHQRWH

(42)  % WKHVHWRIVFHQDULRVVKRXOGEH VHPL

(43) TXDQWLWDWLYHFRPSOHWHDQGZLWKHQRXJK UHVROXWLRQ VHHQRWH

(44)    . 7KHOLQHVRIGHIHQFHSUHVHQWWRSUHYHQWWKHORVVRIFRQWDLQPHQWDQGRUWROLPLW WKHFRQVHTXHQFHVRIWKHORVVRIFRQWDLQPHQW. 0HDVXUHVWHFKQLFDOO\SRVVLEOHWRUHGXFHWKHSUREDELOLW\RIDPDMRUDFFLGHQWWRD VSHFLILHGOHYHODQGWKHDVVRFLDWHGFRVWV 7KHVHOHFWLRQRIVFHQDULRVVKRXOGEHVXIILFLHQWO\UHSUHVHQWDWLYHWR GHPRQVWUDWH WKDWWKHULVNRIPDMRUKD]DUGVLVFRQWUROOHGDGHTXDWHO\ VHHQRWH

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±LH DFFLGHQWVHQGLQJLQHPSOR\HHVEHLQJVHYHUHO\LQMXUHGRURQHRUPRUHGHDWKV 7DEOH ([DPSOHRIWKHVFDOHRIFRQVHTXHQFH>@ &RQVHTXHQFH FDWHJRU\  1HJOLJLEOH 6PDOOLPSDFWRQHPSOR\HHV  6PDOO 0HGLFDOWUHDWPHQWRIHPSOR\HHV  &RQVLGHUDEOH (PSOR\HHVVHYHUHO\LQMXUHG  6HULRXV 3HUPDQHQWLQMXU\KHDOWKFRQVHTXHQFHV  9HU\VHULRXV 2QHGHDWK  ([WUHPHO\VHULRXV 0XOWLSOHGHDWKV. 7KH FRQVHTXHQFH LV OLPLWHG WR HIIHFWV RQ KXPDQV 6LPLODU FDWHJRULHV FDQ EH GUDIWHG IRU GDPDJH WR WKH HQYLURQPHQW PDWHULDOORVVHVHWF.

(46) 5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI. $Q LPSRUWDQW DVSHFW LV ZKHWKHU WKH FRQVHTXHQFHV SUHVHQWHG GHSHQG RQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI HPSOR\HHV RU QRW ,I WKH FRQVHTXHQFHV RI DQ DFFLGHQW DUH VKRZQ LQGHSHQGHQW RI WKH SUHVHQFHRIHPSOR\HHVWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVDUHFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIWKHLQVWDOODWLRQRQO\DQGD µIURP ZKDW¶ DSSURDFK LV DGRSWHG ,I WKH SUHVHQFH RI HPSOR\HHV LV FRQVLGHUHG LQ WKH FDOFXODWLRQ WKH FRQVHTXHQFHV GHSHQG RQ ERWK WKH LQVWDOODWLRQ DQG WKH SUHVHQFH RI HPSOR\HHVDQGDµWR ZKRP¶ DSSURDFKLVDGRSWHG7KHGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQDµIURPZKDW¶ DQGµWR ZKRP¶ DSSURDFKDUHGLVFXVVHGLQ6HFWLRQ.  7KHSUREDELOLW\RIDVFHQDULRDQGLWVFRQVHTXHQFHVVKRXOGEHH[SUHVVHGTXDQWLWDWLYHO\7KH FDWHJRULHVVKRXOGDGGUHVVWKHZKROHUDQJHRISUREDELOLWLHV GRZQWROHVVWKDQ SHU\HDU

(47) DQGFRQVHTXHQFHV7KHUDQJHVZLWKLQRQHFDWHJRU\VKRXOGQRWEHWRRODUJH7KHHVWLPDWLRQ RIWKHSUREDELOLW\RIDVFHQDULRDQGLWVFRQVHTXHQFHVVKRXOGEHPDGHZLWKLQRQHRUGHURI PDJQLWXGH$QHVWLPDWLRQRIWKHSUREDELOLW\VKRXOGEHPDGHLQWHUPVRIRQFHD\HDURQFH LQ WHQ \HDUV HWF ,Q WKH FDVH RI HVWDEOLVKPHQWVSHFLILF HVWLPDWHV EHLQJ JLYHQ HJ WKRVH QHYHU

(48)  KHDUG RI LQ WKH EUDQFK RI LQGXVWU\ RU QHYHU

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± SHU\HDU . .  ± SHU\HDU . .  ± SHU\HDU . . !  SHU\HDU .  7KH VHW RI VFHQDULRV VHOHFWHG VKRXOG GHPRQVWUDWH WKDW WKH RSHUDWRU RI WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW DGHTXDWHO\FRQWUROVWKHULVNVRIPDMRUKD]DUGV(YDOXDWLQJZKHWKHUWKHVHWRIVFHQDULRVLV FRPSOHWHDQGUHSUHVHQWDWLYHLVGRQHLQVWHS VHH&KDSWHU

(50) .

(51) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW.

(52) 5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI.  5LVNDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULD VWHSVDQG

(53) $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH 5HJXODWLRQV >@ WKH RSHUDWRU RI DQ HVWDEOLVKPHQW VKRXOG LQFOXGH LQ WKH VDIHW\UHSRUWWKHSULQFLSOHVWKDWIRUPWKHEDVLVRIWKHPHDVXUHVWRFRQWUROPDMRUKD]DUGVDQG VKRXOGVKRZWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHPHDVXUHVWDNHQDQGWKHULVNVRIPDMRUDFFLGHQWV Article 2 The document setting forth the policy on prevention of major accidents and the general objectives and principles of policy on managing the hazards of major accidents referred to in Article 5, paragraph two, of the Decree, shall include: a. an outline of the nature and severity of the hazards of major accidents; b. the principles underlying the organisation of the safety management system such as to give insight into the relationship between this system and policy; c. the criteria applied in determining the hazards of major accidents; d. the principles underlying the measures taken to prevent major accidents, such as to give insight into the relationship between these measures and the hazards of major accidents.. 5LVNDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULDDUHDSSOLHGWREDODQFHVDFULILFHVDJDLQVWWKHULVNVRIPDMRUDFFLGHQWV 7KHUHIRUHWKHRSHUDWRURIDQHVWDEOLVKPHQWLVREOLJHGWRSUHVHQWWKHULVNDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULDLQ WKHVDIHW\UHSRUW. ,QWKLVVWHSRIWKHMXGJLQJSURFHGXUHWKHODERXUVDIHW\LQVSHFWRUVKRXOGGRDFKHFNWRVHHLI WKHULVNDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULDDUHLQFOXGHGLQWKHVDIHW\UHSRUW VWHS

(54) DQGGRDFKHFNWRVHHLI WKHRSHUDWRU¶VULVNDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULDDUHQRWOHVVGHPDQGLQJWKDQWKHQRUPDWLYHVHWRIULVN FULWHULDDGRSWHGE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI6RFLDO$IIDLUVDQG(PSOR\PHQW VWHS

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µJUHHQ DUHD¶

(56)  ULVN UHGXFWLRQ UHTXLUHG µJUH\ DUHD¶

(57)  DQG XQDFFHSWDEOH µUHG DUHD¶

(58)  >@ )RU LQVWDQFH XVLQJ WKH FODVVLILFDWLRQ LQ 7DEOH  DQG 7DEOH  WKH RSHUDWRU RI DQ HVWDEOLVKPHQW PD\ FRQVLGHU DQ DFFLGHQW DFFHSWDEOH LI WKH SUREDELOLW\ LV µYHU\ VPDOO¶ DQG WKH HIIHFW LV µVPDOO¶ ZKHUHDV DQ DFFLGHQW ZLWK D µODUJH¶ SUREDELOLW\ DQG µFRQVLGHUDEOH¶ FRQVHTXHQFH PD\ EH FRQVLGHUHG XQDFFHSWDEOH +RZHYHUWKHUHLVQRREOLJDWLRQWRKDYHWKHULVNDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULDVKRZQLQDULVNPDWUL[$Q HVWDEOLVKPHQW PD\ IRU LQVWDQFH XVH ULVN DFFHSWDQFH FULWHULD EDVHG RQ DQ LQGLYLGXDO ULVN DQGRUDJURXSULVN>@6LPLODUWRWKHGLYLVLRQRIDULVNPDWUL[ULVNOLPLWVIRUWKHLQGLYLGXDO DQG JURXS ULVN FDQ EH GHILQHG DV µDFFHSWDEOH¶ µULVNUHGXFWLRQ UHTXLUHG¶ DQG µXQDFFHSWDEOH¶ $Q H[DPSOHRIDULVNDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULRQEDVHGRQLQGLYLGXDOULVNLVµWKHLQGLYLGXDOIDWDOLW\ ULVN RI DQ HPSOR\HH ZKLFK VKRXOG EH OHVV WKDQ   SHU \HDU¶ $Q H[DPSOH RI D ULVN .

(59) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW. DFFHSWDQFHFULWHULRQEDVHGRQJURXSULVNLVµWKHSUREDELOLW\RIDQDFFLGHQWZLWKRQHRUPRUH IDWDOLWLHVZKLFKVKRXOGEHOHVVWKDQ SHU\HDU¶ . 7KHUHDUHYDULRXVPHDVXUHVWRH[SUHVVULVNDQGLWVDFFHSWDELOLW\,QRUGHUWRFRPSDUHWKHULVN DFFHSWDQFH FULWHULD RI GLIIHUHQW HVWDEOLVKPHQWV DQG WR DVVHVV WKH DFFHSWDELOLW\ RI WKH ULVN D QXPEHU RI LVVXHV KDYH WR EH FRQVLGHUHG 7KLV FKDSWHU SURYLGHV EDFNJURXQG LQIRUPDWLRQ WR VXEVWDQWLDWHWKHDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHDFFHSWDELOLW\RIWKHULVNDQGJLYHVUHDVRQDEOHOLPLWVWRWKH UDQJHRIWROHUDEOHULVNDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULD,WHPVGLVFXVVHGLQWKLVFKDSWHUDUH    . &ULWHULDEDVHGRQSHUIRUPDQFHLQGLFDWRUV 6HFWLRQ

(60)  7KHSUHVHQFHRIHPSOR\HHV 6HFWLRQ

(61)  7KHDYHUDJLQJRIWKHULVNRYHUWLPHDQGHPSOR\HHV 6HFWLRQ

(62)  7KHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHULVNSHUVFHQDULRDQGWKHULVNRIWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQW 6HFWLRQ 

(63)   7KHULVNFULWHULDSHUHVWDEOLVKPHQW 6HFWLRQ

(64)   'HILQLWLRQRIDPLQLPXPULVNDFFHSWDQFHOLPLW 6HFWLRQ

(65)   'DWDEDVHRIULVNFULWHULD 6HFWLRQ

(66) .  &ULWHULDEDVHGRQSHUIRUPDQFHLQGLFDWRUV. 5LVNFULWHULDLQWKHFDVHRILQGLYLGXDOULVNRUJURXSULVNFDQEHH[SUHVVHGLQWHUPVRIIDWDOLW\ RU VHYHUH

(67)  LQMXU\ RU LQ WHUPV RI EURDGO\ EDVHG

(68)  FRQVHTXHQFH FDWHJRULHV %HVLGHV IDWDOLWLHV DQGVHYHUHLQMXULHVFRPSDQLHVUHFRUGYDULRXVVDIHW\SHUIRUPDQFHLQGLFDWRUV>@OLNH.  IDWDODFFLGHQWUDWHSHUPLOOLRQKRXUV  FRPSHQVDWLRQSD\PHQWIROORZLQJILUHVDQGH[SORVLRQV  IUHTXHQF\RIORVWWLPHLQMXULHVSHUPLOOLRQKRXUV ORVWWLPHRIRQHGD\RUPRUHH[FOXGLQJ GD\RILQMXU\

(69)   ORVWWLPHVHYHULW\UDWH GD\VORVWGXHWRLQMXULHVSHUPLOOLRQKRXUV

(70)   KRXUVZRUNHGVLQFHODVWORVWWLPHLQMXU\  WRWDO UHFRUGDEOH LQMXULHV  ORVWWLPH LQMXULHV  UHVWULFWHG ZRUNGD\ FDVHV  PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQWFDVHV

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µIURPZKDW¶ RUµWRZKRP¶ DSSURDFK. 7KH FRQVHTXHQFH RI D VFHQDULR GHSHQGV RQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI HPSOR\HHV QHDU WKH LQVWDOODWLRQ LQYROYHG ,W LV HDVLO\ LPDJLQHG WKDW RQH SDUWLFXODU VFHQDULR PD\ UHVXOW LQ D QXPEHU RI FDVXDOWLHV RQ D VLWH ZKHUH D ODUJH QXPEHU RI HPSOR\HHV DUH SUHVHQW ZKHUHDV WKH VDPH VFHQDULRGRHVQRWOHDGWRDQ\FDVXDOWLHVLIWKHVLWHLVXQPDQQHG7KHULVNRIDQLQVWDOODWLRQFDQ EHH[SUHVVHGDVHLWKHUDµIURPZKDW¶ ULVNRUDµWRZKRP¶ ULVN.  7KHµIURPZKDW¶ ULVNWDNHVWKHLQVWDOODWLRQDVWKHVWDUWLQJSRLQWDQGWKHULVNDVDTXDOLW\RI WKHLQVWDOODWLRQ7KHµIURP ZKDW¶ ULVNLVFDOFXODWHGDVLIDSHUVRQRUDJURXSRISHUVRQVZLWK DQDYHUDJHGHQVLW\DWWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWZDVWREHFRQVWDQWO\SUHVHQWDQGXQSURWHFWHG7KH µIURP ZKDW¶ ULVN LV WKHUHIRUH FRPSDUDEOH WR WKH LQGLYLGXDO ULVN DV FDOFXODWHG IRU H[WHUQDO VDIHW\  7KHµWR ZKRP¶ ULVNWDNHVWKHHPSOR\HHDVWKHVWDUWLQJSRLQWDQGWKHULVNDVDTXDOLW\RIERWK WKHLQVWDOODWLRQDQGWKHSUHVHQFHRIWKHHPSOR\HHV7KHµWRZKRP¶ ULVNLVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ WKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIHPSOR\HHVRYHUWKHVLWHHJEDVHGRQDQDYHUDJHQXPEHURISHUVRQVLQ WKHFRQWUROURRPVDQGWKHSUHVHQFHRIHPSOR\HHVRQVLWH7KHµWRZKRP¶ ULVNLVWKHUHIRUH FRPSDUDEOHWRWKHJURXSULVNDVFDOFXODWHGIRUH[WHUQDOVDIHW\LWFDQEHGHSLFWHGDVD)1 FXUYH,QSUDFWLFHWKH)1FXUYHLVUHSODFHGZLWKDVHWRIVFHQDULRVZLWKDVLQJOHIUHTXHQF\ DQGDVLQJOHFRQVHTXHQFHHJDIHZFDVXDOWLHV. ,QSUDFWLFHDµIURP ZKDW¶ DSSURDFKKDVHOHPHQWVRID µWR ZKRP¶ DSSURDFK $ ODERXU VDIHW\ LQVSHFWRU WHQGV WR HYDOXDWH WKH VDIHW\ RI DQ HVWDEOLVKPHQW LUUHVSHFWLYH RI WKH QXPEHU RI HPSOR\HHVDQGFRQVHTXHQWO\DSSOLHVDµIURP ZKDW¶ DSSURDFK>@,QSULQFLSOHDVLWHZLWKRXW HPSOR\HHV VKRXOG EH DV VDIH DV D VLWH ZLWK QXPHURXV HPSOR\HHV $OVR WKH $95,0 LQVSHFWLRQ PHWKRG LV EDVHG RQ D µIURP ZKDW¶ ULVN GHWHUPLQDWLRQ >@ ,Q SUDFWLFH KRZHYHU HOHPHQWV RI D µWR ZKRP¶ DSSURDFK DUH LPSOLFLWO\ LQFOXGHG LI WKH µIURP ZKDW¶ ULVNV DUH XQDFFHSWDEOHDQGULVNUHGXFWLRQLVQRWSRVVLEOHDWUHDVRQDEOHFRVWVWKHSUHVHQFHRIHPSOR\HHV LV FRQVLGHUHG )RU LQVWDQFH LI WKH µIURP ZKDW¶ ULVN LV XQDFFHSWDEOH DQ DUHD ZLWK UHVWULFWHG DFFHVVPD\EHGHFLGHGRQ7KHULVNLVWKHQFRQVLGHUHGDFFHSWDEOHVLQFHHLWKHUQRSHUVRQVRU RQO\ WKRVH ZHDULQJ SHUVRQDO SURWHFWLYH HTXLSPHQW DUH SUHVHQW 6LPLODUO\ VDIHW\ YDOYHV DUH UHTXLUHGWRSURYLGHUHOLHIDWDVDIHORFDWLRQLHDORFDWLRQZKHUHQRSHUVRQVDUHSUHVHQW.

(73) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW. $ µWRZKRP¶ DSSURDFKFDQFODVVLI\WKHSUHVHQFHRISHRSOHLQWREURDGFDWHJRULHVHJSUHVHQFH SUREDEOHRULPSUREDEOH)RULQVWDQFHWKH5LVN*UDSK>@PHWKRGGHWHUPLQHVWKHOHYHORI UHOLDELOLW\RIVDIHW\PHDVXUHV 6,/6DIHW\,QWHJULW\/HYHO

(74) 7KHUHTXLUHG6,/GHSHQGVRQWKH SUHVHQFH RI HPSOR\HHV 7ZR SDUDPHWHUV DUH XVHG WR FODVVLI\ WKH SUHVHQFH RI HPSOR\HHV QDPHO\ RQH SDUDPHWHU WR DFFRXQW IRU WKH H[SRVXUH RI SHRSOH LQ WKH KD]DUG DUHD UDUH ± IUHTXHQW

(75) DQGRQHWRDFFRXQWIRUWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIDYRLGLQJWKHKD]DUGHJHVFDSLQJ SRVVLEOH ± LPSRVVLEOH

(76)  7KH GLIIHUHQFH LQ H[SRVXUH EHWZHHQ UDUH RFFDVLRQDO H[SRVXUH LQ WKH KD]DUG DUHD

(77) DQGIUHTXHQW FRQWLQXRXVH[SRVXUHLQWKHKD]DUGDUHD

(78) UHVXOWVRQDYHUDJHLQDFKDQJHLQ 6,/ RI RQH RQH RUGHU LQ PDJQLWXGH RI WKH SUREDELOLW\ RI IDLOXUH RQ GHPDQG RI WKH VDIHW\ V\VWHP

(79)  /LNHZLVH D GLIIHUHQFH LQ SRVVLELOLW\ RI HVFDSH EHWZHHQ SRVVLEOH LQ FHUWDLQ FLUFXPVWDQFHV LW LV SRVVLEOH WR DYRLG WKH GDQJHU IRU H[DPSOH E\ HVFDSLQJ IURP WKH KD]DUG ]RQH

(80) DQGLPSRVVLEOH LWLVSUDFWLFDOO\LPSRVVLEOHWRDYRLGWKHGDQJHU

(81) UHVXOWVRQDYHUDJHLQD 6,/FKDQJHRIRQH. $ µIURP ZKDW¶ DSSURDFK PD\ XVH FRQVHTXHQFH ]RQHV LUUHVSHFWLYH RI WKH DFWXDO SUHVHQFH RI SHRSOHDQGWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHLQVWDOODWLRQRQWKHVLWH)RULQVWDQFHWKHHIIHFW]RQHIRUWR[LF VXEVWDQFHV FDQ EH GHILQHG DV WKH DUHD DURXQG WKH LQVWDOODWLRQ H[WHQGLQJ WR WKH  OHWKDOLW\ OHYHO RU WR DQ HPHUJHQF\ UHVSRQVH LQWHUYHQWLRQ OHYHO >@ 7KH HIIHFW ]RQH IRU IODPPDEOH VXEVWDQFHVFDQEHGHILQHGDVWKHDUHDH[WHQGLQJWRWKHORZHUIODPPDEOHOLPLW /)/

(82) 1H[WLW FDQ EH DVVXPHG WKDW IRU HIIHFW ]RQHV ZLWK D UDGLXV OHVV WKDQ ILYH PHWUHV IRU H[DPSOH QR SHUVRQV DUH SUHVHQW IRU HIIHFW ]RQHV ZLWK D UDGLXV OHVV WKDQ  PHWUHV IRU H[DPSOH RQH SHUVRQLVSUHVHQWDQGIRUHIIHFW]RQHVZLWKDUDGLXVODUJHUWKDQPHWUHVVHYHUDOSHUVRQVDUH SUHVHQW7KHDSSURDFKLVDµIURP ZKDW¶ DSSURDFKLIWKHDFWXDOSUHVHQFHLVQRWFRQVLGHUHGDWDOO +RZHYHUWKHDFWXDOSUHVHQFHFDQEHXVHGWRHVWLPDWHWKHDYHUDJHGHQVLW\RIHPSOR\HHVRQVLWH DQGWKHUHIRUHWKHDYHUDJHDUHDRFFXSLHGE\RQHSHUVRQ 7R FRPSDUHWKHGLIIHUHQWULVNFULWHULDDQGWRHYDOXDWHWKHDFFHSWDELOLW\RIWKHULVNLWVKRXOGEH FOHDULIWKHULVNZLOOEHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJDµWR ZKRP¶ DSSURDFKRUDµIURP ZKDW¶ DSSURDFK +RZWKHSUHVHQFHRISHRSOHLVWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWVKRXOGEHFOHDUO\LQGLFDWHG ,WLVUHFRPPHQGHGWRFRQVLGHUERWKWKHµIURP ZKDW¶ DSSURDFKDQGWKHµWRZKRP¶ DSSURDFK.  7KHµIURPZKDW¶ ULVNRIDQLQVWDOODWLRQGHVFULEHVLWVLQWULQVLFVDIHW\7KHµIURP ZKDW¶ ULVN RI DQ LQVWDOODWLRQ VKRXOG EH UHGXFHG DV IDU DV LV SUDFWLFDOO\ SRVVLEOH EDODQFLQJ WKH ULVN UHGXFWLRQ DFKLHYHG DQG WKH VDFULILFHV UHTXLUHG 7KH UHVXOWV RI WKH µIURP ZKDW¶ ULVN FDOFXODWLRQ FDQ EH XVHG WR GHILQH GDQJHURXV DUHDV LH DUHDV ZKHUH WKH ULVN H[FHHGV SUH GHILQHGWKUHVKROGYDOXHV  ,WPD\QRWDOZD\VEHSRVVLEOHWRDFKLHYHWKHUHTXLUHGULVNOHYHOXVLQJVDIHW\PHDVXUHVDW WKHLQVWDOODWLRQ$IXUWKHUULVNUHGXFWLRQWRHPSOR\HHVPD\WKHQEHDFKLHYHGE\DSSO\LQJD ]RQLQJSROLF\WROLPLWWKHSUHVHQFHRIHPSOR\HHVLQGDQJHURXVDUHDVRUWRDOORZRQO\WKH SUHVHQFHRIHPSOR\HHVZHDULQJSHUVRQDOSURWHFWLYHHTXLSPHQW,QWKLVZD\WKHµIURP ZKDW¶ ULVNLVQRWFKDQJHGEXWWKHµWR ZKRP¶ ULVNLVUHGXFHG,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWLIWKHVDPH ULVN UHGXFWLRQ FDQ EH DFKLHYHG PHDVXUHV UHGXFLQJ WKH µIURP ZKDW¶ ULVN DUH SUHIHUUHG WR PHDVXUHVUHGXFLQJWKHµWR ZKRP¶ ULVN  &RQVLGHUDWLRQRIWKHµWR ZKRP¶ ULVNLVDOVRXVHIXOWRHYDOXDWHWKHORFDWLRQRIEXLOGLQJVZLWK UHODWLYHO\ ODUJH QXPEHUV RI SHRSOH )RU LQVWDQFH LW LV QRW DGYLVDEOH WR ORFDWH WKH RIILFH EXLOGLQJ RU FDIHWHULD FORVH WR D GDQJHURXV LQVWDOODWLRQ 7KH FDOFXODWLRQ RI WKH µWR ZKRP¶.

(83) 5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI. ULVNLQFOXGHVWKHFDOFXODWLRQRIWKHLQGLYLGXDOULVNDQGWKHFDOFXODWLRQRIWKHJURXSULVN VHH 6HFWLRQ

(84) . $ PHWKRGWRFDOFXODWHWKHµWR ZKRP¶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î SHU\HDUDQGWKHSUREDELOLW\RIDIDWDOLW\ GXULQJUHSDLULVWKHULVNRIWKHLQVWDOODWLRQZRXOGEHî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

(86) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW. $ GLVWLQFWLRQVKRXOGEHPDGHEHWZHHQLQGLYLGXDOULVNDQGJURXSULVN7KHLQGLYLGXDOULVNLV WKHSUREDELOLW\RIDFDVXDOW\RIRQH LGHQWLILDEOH

(87) SHUVRQ7KHLQGLYLGXDOULVNIRUDQHPSOR\HH DWDFKHPLFDOSODQWFDQEHFRPSDUHGWRWKHDQQXDOULVNRIRWKHUDFWLYLWLHVOLNHFDUGULYLQJRU WKHDQQXDOULVNRI GHDWK IURP DFFLGHQWV IRU HPSOR\HHV IRU YDULRXV RFFXSDWLRQDO JURXSV )RU LQVWDQFH WKH +6( GRFXPHQW ³5HGXFLQJ 5LVNV 3URWHFWLQJ 3HRSOH´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

(88) LQGLYLGXDO ULVN RI HPSOR\HHV PD\ HYHQ EH ORZHUHG ZLWKRXW LQFUHDVLQJ VDIHW\ E\ DGGLQJ DQ RIILFHEXLOGLQJRQVLWHDQGLQFOXGLQJWKHORZULVNRIWKHRIILFHVWDIILQWKHDYHUDJHVLWHULVN &DUH VKRXOG WKHUHIRUH EH WDNHQ WKDW WKH LQGLYLGXDO ULVN ILJXUH LV FDOFXODWHG IRU WKH JURXS DW KLJKHVWULVN 6LPLODUO\ GLIIHUHQW DUHDV PD\ EH SUHVHQW RQ D VLWH DQG WKH ULVN LQ RQH DUHD PD\ EH FRQVLGHUDEO\ KLJKHU WKDQ WKH ULVN LQ RWKHU DUHDV ,I WKH LQGLYLGXDO ULVN WR DQ HPSOR\HH LV.

(89) 5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI. FDOFXODWHGRQWKHEDVLVRISUHVHQFHDYHUDJHGRYHUWKHVLWHDVDZKROHWKHULVNRIDSDUWLFXODU LQVWDOODWLRQFDQEHFRYHUHGXS . .

(90) V W L Q  X  \ U D U W L. RSHUDWRU. E U  D.  N V L U  O D X  W F D. FRQWUDFWRU RIILFHVWDII. .  . )LJXUH. . . . . . WLPH KRXUV

(91). ([DPSOH RI WKH YDULDWLRQ LQ DFWXDO ULVN WR YDULRXV W\SHV RI HPSOR\HHV LQ WKH FRXUVHRIWZRGD\V¶ZRUN. :KDWLVPHDQWE\DQµLQGLYLGXDOULVN¶VKRXOGEHFOHDUO\GHVFULEHG 7KHLQGLYLGXDOULVNILJXUHVKRXOGEHFDOFXODWHGIRUWKHJURXSDWKLJKHVWULVN.  5LVNSHUVFHQDULRDQGSHUVLWH. 5LVN FULWHULD FDQ EH H[SUHVVHG SHU VFHQDULR RU SHU VLWH LQFOXGLQJ DOO VFHQDULRV DQG DOO LQVWDOODWLRQV. 5LVN FULWHULD SHU VFHQDULR DSSOLHV ZKHQ WKH RSHUDWRU RI DQ HVWDEOLVKPHQW SUHVHQWV KLV ULVN FULWHULDDVDUHDVLQDULVNPDWUL[FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRDFFHSWDEOH µJUHHQDUHD¶

(92) DQGXQDFFHSWDEOH µUHGDUHD¶

(93) WKLVPD\EHFRPSOHWHGZLWKDQDUHDZKHUHULVNUHGXFWLRQLVUHTXLUHG µJUH\DUHD¶

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

(95)  DQG WKH ULVN SHU VLWH RU LQVWDOODWLRQ IUHTXHQF\DQGFRQVHTXHQFHRIDOOSRVVLEOHVFHQDULRV

(96) 2QHZD\WRUHODWHWKHULVN FULWHULDIRUWKHRYHUDOOULVNRIWKHLQVWDOODWLRQWRWKHULVNSHUVFHQDULRLVWRPDNHDQDVVXPSWLRQ RQWKHQXPEHURIVFHQDULRVKDYLQJWKHVDPHFRQVHTXHQFH2QFHDOOVFHQDULRVDUHSODFHGLQWKH ULVN PDWUL[ WKH RYHUDOO IUHTXHQF\ FDWHJRU\ RI WKH VFHQDULRV ZLWK VLPLODU FRQVHTXHQFHV LV.

(97) SDJHRI. 5,90UHSRUW. GHWHUPLQHG E\ DGGLQJ XS WKH IUHTXHQFLHV RI WKH VHSDUDWH VFHQDULRV ,Q WKH ULVN PDWUL[ SUHVHQWLQJWKHFRPSOHWHULVNRIDQHVWDEOLVKPHQWHDFKFRQVHTXHQFHFDWHJRU\LVWKXVFRXSOHG WR RQO\ RQH IUHTXHQF\ FDWHJRU\ DQG WKH RYHUDOO ULVN FULWHULD FDQ EH FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH VFHQDULRVLQWKHULVNPDWUL[. 7KHSURFHVVLVLOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJXUH)RULQVWDQFHWKHUHDUHHOHYHQVFHQDULRVZLWKFDWHJRU\RI IUHTXHQF\ µODUJH¶ LH   ±   SHU \HDU

(98)  DQG FDWHJRU\ RI FRQVHTXHQFH µQHJOLJLEOHVPDOO¶ &RQVLGHULQJWKHHOHYHQVFHQDULRVWRJHWKHUWKHIUHTXHQF\RIRFFXUUHQFHLVî ± SHU \HDULH!   SHU \HDU DQG WKH FDWHJRU\ RI IUHTXHQF\ LV µYHU\ ODUJH¶ 7KHUHIRUH DOO HOHYHQ VFHQDULRVFRPELQHGDUHFODVVLILHGLQFDWHJRU\RIIUHTXHQF\µODUJH¶ LH  ±   SHU \HDU

(99) DQGFDWHJRU\RIFRQVHTXHQFHµQHJOLJLEOHVPDOO¶ . . . . . . . &RQVHTXHQFH“ )UHTXHQF\” 9HU\VPDOO. 1HJOLJLEOH VPDOO 6. &RQVLGHUDEOH. 6HULRXV. 9HU\VHULRXV. 66. 666 66. 6. 6PDOO. 66. 66 66 666. 6. &RQVLGHUDEOH. 6HULRXV. $YHUDJH 6666  6666  666. /DUJH. 9HU\ODUJH. &RQVHTXHQFH“ )UHTXHQF\” 9HU\VPDOO 6PDOO $YHUDJH /DUJH 9HU\ODUJH )LJXUH. 1HJOLJLEOH VPDOO. 6&. 6&. 9HU\6HULRXV 6&. 6&. $QH[DPSOHRIFRPELQLQJVFHQDULRV$VHWRIVFHQDULRV 66±

(100) LVSODFHGLQ D ULVN PDWUL[ WRS

(101)  QH[W WKH ULVN PDWUL[ RI WKH VFHQDULRV FRPELQHG 6&

(102)  LV FRQVWUXFWHG ERWWRP

(103) . $ FOXHIRUGHWHUPLQLQJZKHWKHUDOOUHOHYDQWPDMRUKD]DUGVFHQDULRVKDYHEHHQFRQVLGHUHGZLWK WKH FRUUHFW IUHTXHQF\ FDQ EH IRXQG LQ WKH GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH H[WHUQDO ULVN FDOFXODWLRQ )RU H[WHUQDOVDIHW\UHOHYDQWVWDQGDUGVFHQDULRVZLWKGHIDXOWIUHTXHQFLHVDUHGHILQHGIRUDVWDQGDUG.

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±>@7KHODERXUIRUFHLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVLQWKHVDPHSHULRG ZDVPLOOLRQSHUVRQV2QDYHUDJHWKHLQGLYLGXDOPRUWDOLW\ULVNGXHWRDQDFFLGHQWDWZRUN LVHTXDOWRî SHU\HDU7KHDYHUDJHQXPEHURIIDWDOLWLHVGXHWRDFFLGHQWVDWZRUNFDQ EH FRPSDUHGZLWKWUDQVSRUWDFFLGHQWV)RUWKHSRSXODWLRQLQWKHDJHFDWHJRU\±\HDUV WUDQVSRUWIDWDOLWLHVRFFXUUHGLQDSRSXODWLRQRIPLOOLRQSHUVRQVDQGWKHPRUWDOLW\ULVN LV HTXDOWRî SHU\HDU>@ . . :LWKLQ WKH WRWDO ZRUNIRUFH ODUJH GLIIHUHQFHV PD\ H[LVW LQ ULVNV H[SHULHQFHG ,W LV WKHUHIRUH PRUHXVHIXOWRVXEGLYLGHWKHVWDWLVWLFVLQWKHYDULRXVRFFXSDWLRQDOJURXSVOLNHPDQXIDFWXULQJ.

(108) 5,90UHSRUW. SDJHRI. LQGXVWULHVFRQVWUXFWLRQVHUYLFHLQGXVWULHVHWF,QIRUPDWLRQRQWKHLQGLYLGXDOPRUWDOLW\ULVNLQ LQGXVWU\IRUYDULRXVRFFXSDWLRQDOJURXSVLVIRXQGIRU*UHDW%ULWDLQDQGLVJLYHQLQ7DEOH 7KH WDEOH VKRZV WKDW WKH DQQXDO ULVN RI PRUWDOLW\ LQ WKH PDQXIDFWXULQJ LQGXVWU\ LQ *UHDW %ULWDLQLVFRPSDUDEOHWRWKHDYHUDJHDQQXDOULVNRIPRUWDOLW\LQWKH1HWKHUODQGVLH±î  SHU\HDU,QKLJKULVNLQGXVWULHVOLNHFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGPLQLQJWKHPRUWDOLW\ULVNLVDERXW D IDFWRURIKLJKHULH±î SHU\HDU . . 7DEOH $QQXDO ULVN RI GHDWK IURP LQGXVWULDO DFFLGHQWV WR HPSOR\HHV IRU YDULRXV RFFXSDWLRQDOJURXSVLQ*UHDW%ULWDLQ VRXUFH>@

(109) &DXVHRIGHDWK $QQXDOULVN 4XDUULHV TXDUU\ZRUNHUV

(110) î &RQVWUXFWLRQ î (QHUJ\DQGZDWHUVXSSO\LQGXVWULHV î $JULFXOWXUHKXQWLQJIRUHVWU\DQGILVKLQJ QRWGHHS î VHDILVKLQJ

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

Patiëntenperspectief op veilige zorg rondom medicijnen Naar eigen zeggen krijgen patiënten niet altijd voldoende informatie over de medicijnen die ze krijgen voorgeschreven en

Verschil in gemiddelde scores met 95%-betrouwbaarheidsinterval tussen personen met COPD en personen zonder COPD voor elke dimensie van kwaliteit van leven voor respondenten van

QDDP $FHUFDPSHVWUH $FHUSVHXGRSODWDQXV $FKLOOHDPLOOHIROLXP $FKLOOHDSWDUPLFD $FRUXVFDODPXV $FWDHDVSLFDWD $GR[DPRVFKDWHOOLQD $HJRSRGLXPSRGDJUDULD $HWKXVDF\QDSLXP

Medewerking van paramedisch personeel Tijdsinvestering van het personeel Gebruik van de gegevens Invoerprogramma Opsporen van patiënten met een centrale of arteriële lijn Opsporen

In de praktijk zal meestal gedurende een heel jaar meer dan een radionuclide worden geloosd. Om te beoordelen of een vergunningplichtige grens wordt overschreden, moest bij het

Gering aanbod diabetespreventie voor achterstandsgroepen Hoewel diabetes vaker voorkomt onder mensen met een lage SES en allochtonen dan onder mensen met een hoge SES en

Anders dan de op het elektriciteitsnet aangesloten led- en conventionele verlichting, waar de milieubelasting voor 90 % veroorzaakt wordt door het verbruik van elektrische

At the moment, emission data are available for a small number of products and substances, namely two mattresses, of which one is from an import container fumigated with methyl