Stengelaaltjesrassen in bolgewassen : literatuurstudie, identificatie- en waardplantexperimenten naar het voorkomen van D. dipsaci rassen in tulp, narcis, hyacint en andere gewassen

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(6) . ,QKRXGVRSJDYH . SDJLQD. SAMENVATTING................................................................................................................................................ 5 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 1.2 1.3. 2. LITERATUURSTUDIE ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7. 3. HISTORIE ............................................................................................................................................... 13 DOEL EN WERKPLANNEN........................................................................................................................ 13 HET RASSENCONCEPT ............................................................................................................................ 14 MOLECULAIRE EN BIOCHEMISCHE GEGEVENS OVER HET BESTAAN VAN RASSEN ................................... 14 WAARDPLANTEN ................................................................................................................................... 15 TECHNIEKEN VOOR WAARDPLANTONDERZOEK: KWEEK VAN D. DIPSACI EN INOCULATIE-TECHNIEKEN . 16 LITERATUUR .......................................................................................................................................... 17. IDENTIFICATIE VAN RASSEN.............................................................................................................. 19 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5. 4. BESTAANDE KENNIS ................................................................................................................................. 9 DOELSTELLINGEN .................................................................................................................................. 11 AFKORTINGEN ....................................................................................................................................... 11. VERZAMELEN VAN ISOLATEN ................................................................................................................ 19 KARAKTERISATIE VAN D. DIPSACI-ISOLATEN ......................................................................................... 20 MERKERS VOOR HET HYACINTENSTENGELAALTJESRAS ......................................................................... 21 LEVENDE BEWARING IN INGEGRAVEN CONTAINERS (INUNDATIEBAKKEN)............................................. 22 DISCUSSIE .............................................................................................................................................. 23. INFECTIE-EXPERIMENTEN IN DE KAS ............................................................................................ 25 4.1 ACHTERGROND ..................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 POTPROEF AGV..................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2.1 Materiaal en methoden.................................................................................................................. 25 4.2.2 Beginbesmetting (Pi) ..................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.3 Eindbesmetting (Pf) en vermeerdering Pf/Pi ................................................................................ 27 4.3 PPO-LISSE: KASEXPERIMENTEN ............................................................................................................ 28 4.3.1 Gang van zaken, isolaten en cultivars........................................................................................... 28 4.3.2 Resultaten...................................................................................................................................... 29 4.4 CONCLUSIE EN DISCUSSIE ...................................................................................................................... 30. 5. LOKPROEVEN .......................................................................................................................................... 33 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4. 6. PROEFVELDEXPERIMENTEN (INUDATIEBAK-EXPERIMENTEN)............................................ 37 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4. 7. ACHTERGROND ...................................................................................................................................... 33 PROEFOPZET .......................................................................................................................................... 33 RESULTATEN.......................................................................................................................................... 34 DISCUSSIE .............................................................................................................................................. 36. ACHTERGROND ...................................................................................................................................... 37 PROEFOPZET .......................................................................................................................................... 37 RESULTATEN.......................................................................................................................................... 38 CONCLUSIES .......................................................................................................................................... 41. DISCUSSIE ................................................................................................................................................. 43. Î3UDNWLMNRQGHU]RHN3ODQW 2PJHYLQJ%9. .

(7) . 7.1 DISCUSSIE BETREFFENDE DE RESULTATEN BINNEN DIT PROJECT ............................................................ 43 7.2 ALGEMENE DISCUSSIE: KENNISHIATEN EN ONDERWERPEN VAN VERVOLGONDERZOEK ......................... 44 7.2.1 Inventarisatie factoren die (mogelijk) bijdragen aan toename stengelaaltjes-besmettingen ........ 44 7.2.2 Beheersingsmethoden (grondontsmetting, “koken”, alternatieven).............................................. 44 7.2.3 Resistentie tegen stengelaaltjes ..................................................................................................... 45 7.2.4 Problemen in andere vollegrondsgewassen .................................................................................. 45 7.2.5 Data betreffende langdurige overleving........................................................................................ 45 7.2.6 Bekendheid van richtlijnen hoe te handelen met besmette partijen en percelen (brochure) ......... 46 7.2.7 Ontwikkeling van toetsen op (plant-) materialen en bemonsteringsmethoden.............................. 46 7.2.8 Bemonstering uitschot plantgoed/verdacht plantmateriaal bij bv. partijen met voorgeschiedenis: tracking and tracing...................................................................................................................................... 46 7.2.9 Fundamenteel onderzoek............................................................................................................... 46 8. OVERIGE STENGELAALTJESPROJECTEN EN PLANNEN ........................................................... 49 8.1 8.2. 9. OVERIGE STENGELAALTJESPROJECTEN .................................................................................................. 49 PLANNEN ............................................................................................................................................... 50. LITERATUUR ............................................................................................................................................ 51. 10. OUTPUT .................................................................................................................................................. 53. 11. BIJLAGEN .............................................................................................................................................. 55. . Î3UDNWLMNRQGHU]RHN3ODQW 2PJHYLQJ%9. .

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(23) . The stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci causes a quarantine disease in flower bulbs in The Netherlands. When found, extensive and expensive measures are taken by the Dutch inspection service. The most important question in relation to control of the disease and governmental regulations is, whether biological races within the species D. dipsaci do exist, especially in flower bulbs. Other questions are, besides effective measures to control the nematodes, information about the host plant range of the proposed races. Also ecological information, for instance on the survival in the soil and spread under different conditions and different crops is needed besides a molecular test to differentiate putative races of D. dipsaci. In this project, we tried to answer the question whether or not races exist within D. dipsaci (especially within the flower bulbs). A literature search indicated among others that races might exist, and host ranges are designated but are dependent of how experiments are performed. Furthermore, experiments were performed to investigate putative host ranges of several D. dipsaci races (“can the narcissus race infect potato, and vice versa?”). By using baiting techniques the existence of races was also investigated (“are individual D. dipsaci nematode of the narcissus race attracted to narcissus extracts only, or not?”). In some experiments attraction by the host plant was found. Greenhouse experiments with host plants didn’t reveal biological races among D. dipsaci-populations as such. These experiments have been repeated under field condition; it proved to be difficult to maintain populations of D. dipsaci and to find clear evidence for infection in test plants. . . Î3UDNWLMNRQGHU]RHN3ODQW 2PJHYLQJ%9. .


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