• No results found

Literatuurstudie en internationale kennisuitwisseling over voetzoolaandoeningen bij vleeskuikens = Desk study and international exchange of knowledge on foot pad lesions in broilers

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Literatuurstudie en internationale kennisuitwisseling over voetzoolaandoeningen bij vleeskuikens = Desk study and international exchange of knowledge on foot pad lesions in broilers"

Copied!
120
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1) .       . 5DSSRUW . /LWHUDWXXUVWXGLHHQLQWHUQDWLRQDOH NHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJRYHUYRHW]RROï DDQGRHQLQJHQELMYOHHVNXLNHQV. . 0DDUW.

(2) .      . &RORIRQ.  8LWJHYHU $QLPDO6FLHQFHV*URXS9HHKRXGHULM 3RVWEXV$%/HO\VWDG 7HOHIRRQï )D[ï (ï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ï 9HOGNDPS7,&GH-RQJHQ-YDQ+DUQ /LWHUDWXXUVWXGLHHQLQWHUQDWLRQDOHNHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJ RYHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQELMYOHHVNXLNHQV 

(3)  5DSSRUW SDJLQD VILJXXU  (HQOLWHUDWXXURQGHU]RHNLVXLWJHYRHUGZDDULQGH QHJDWLHYHHIIHFWHQHQGHRRU]DNHOLMNHIDFWRUHQYDQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ]LMQEHVWXGHHUG(HQ LQWHUQDWLRQDOHNHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJKHHIW SODDWVJHYRQGHQZDDUELMHHQXQLIRUPHGRRUGH(8 JHDFFHSWHHUGHVFRULQJVPHWKRGHHQGHHIIHFWHQ YDQLQWHUYHQWLHPHWKRGHQ]LMQEHGLVFXVVLHHUG8LW LQYHQWDULVDWLHVLQ=ZHGHQHQ'HQHPDUNHQEOLMNWGDW GHSUHYDOHQWLHYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQNDQ ZRUGHQJHUHGXFHHUGQDWRHSDVVLQJYDQ LQWHUYHQWLHVWUDWHJLH½Q  7UHIZRRUGHQLQWHUYHQWLHVWUDWHJLH½Q VFRULQJVPHWKRGHYRHW]RROYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ YOHHVNXLNHQV.

(4)     . 5DSSRUW . /LWHUDWXXUVWXGLHHQLQWHUQDWLRQDOH NHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJRYHUYRHW]RROï DDQGRHQLQJHQELMYOHHVNXLNHQV 'HVNVWXG\DQGLQWHUQDWLRQDO H[FKDQJHRINQRZOHGJHRQ IRRWSDGOHVLRQVLQEURLOHUV    . 79HOGNDPS ,&GH-RQJ -YDQ+DUQ   . 0DDUW.

(5) 9RRUZRRUG.  (HQ(XURSHVH:HO]LMQVULFKWOLMQ9OHHVNXLNHQV (:9

(6) LVLQYRRUEHUHLGLQJHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQQDDVWRDXLWYDO ZRUGHQQDGUXNNHOLMNYHUPHOGDOVHHQYDQGHSDUDPHWHUVZDDUDDQKHWZHO]LMQYDQKHWNRSSHODIJHPHWHQJDDW ZRUGHQ9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQVFKDGHQKHWZHO]LMQYDQKHWYOHHVNXLNHQHQKHEEHQHHQQHJDWLHIHIIHFWRSKHW ILQDQFLHHOUHVXOWDDWLQGHYOHHVNXLNHQNHWHQ(HQGLUHFWHIIHFWYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ]LMQVOHFKWHUHWHFKQLVFKH UHVXOWDWHQRPGDWYOHHVNXLNHQVPHWHHQDDQGRHQLQJPLQGHUHWHQHQGULQNHQ2RNGHVODFKWNZDOLWHLWNDQQHJDWLHI EHÁQYORHGZRUGHQ%RYHQGLHQLVGHNDQVRSLQIHFWLHVJURWHU(HQLQGLUHFWHIIHFWQDLQYRHULQJYDQGH(:9NDQ]LMQ GDWHHQSOXLPYHHKRXGHUYHUSOLFKWZRUGWGHGLHUEH]HWWLQJWHYHUODJHQZDQQHHUWHYHHOYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQKHW NRSSHORSWUHGHQ'H3URGXFWVFKDSSHQ9HH9OHHVHQ(LHUHQ 39(

(7) KHEEHQ$6*JHYUDDJGHHQGHVNVWXGLHWH YHUULFKWHQQDDUGHRRU]DNHOLMNHIDFWRUHQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQELMYOHHVNXLNHQVHQKHW39(/19HQGH(8 KHEEHQJHYUDDJGRPNHQQLVXLWWHZLVVHOHQPHWRQGHU]RHNHUVHQGHVNXQGLJHQXLWELQQHQïHQEXLWHQODQG,QGLW UDSSRUWWUHIWXHHQRYHU]LFKWDDQYDQGHFRQVHTXHQWLHVYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQELMYOHHVNXLNHQVYRRUKHWGLHU HQYRRUGHYOHHVNXLNHQKRXGHUGHRRU]DNHOLMNHIDFWRUHQHQHHQYHUVODJYDQGHNHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJGLHKHHIW SODDWVJHYRQGHQ'LWUDSSRUWNDQDOVEDVLVGLHQHQYRRUYHUYROJRQGHU]RHNHQNDQKHOSHQELMKHWLPSOHPHQWHUHQYDQ GHWHQHPHQPDDWUHJHOHQLQGHSUDNWLMNRPKHWDDQWDOHQGHHUQVWYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQWHUHGXFHUHQ  7HXQ9HOGNDPS SURMHFWOHLGHU .

(8) 6DPHQYDWWLQJ.  9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ]LMQHHQEHODQJULMNDVSHFWYDQGLHUJH]RQGKHLGHQzZHO]LMQ,QHUQVWLJHJHYDOOHQYHURRU]DNHQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQSLMQZDWVDPHQPHWHHQYHUPLQGHUGHJH]RQGKHLGHHQZHO]LMQVSUREOHHPYRUPW:DQQHHU YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQHUQVWLJHPDWHYRRUNRPHQLQHHQNRSSHO]DOGLWOHLGHQWRWHHQYHUPLQGHUGHPRELOLWHLWHQ GDDUGRRUHHQYHUPLQGHUGHYRHUïHQZDWHURSQDPH'HWHFKQLVFKHUHVXOWDWHQYDQGDWNRSSHOHQGHVODFKWNZDOLWHLW ]XOOHQYHUVOHFKWHUHQPHWDOVJHYROJHHQVOHFKWHUILQDQFLHHOUHVXOWDDW,QKHWFRQFHSW(XURSHVH:HO]LMQVULFKWOLMQ 9OHHVNXLNHQV (:9

(9) ]LMQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQRSJHQRPHQDOVHHQYDQGHSDUDPHWHUVZDDUDDQKHWZHO]LMQYDQ HHQNRSSHOZRUGWDIJHPHWHQ.RPHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQUXLPHPDWHYRRULQHHQNRSSHOHQWUHHGWGLW SUREOHHPKHUKDDOGHOLMNRSGDQ]DOGHSOXLPYHHKRXGHUZRUGHQ~JHVWUDIWGRRUHHQYHUSOLFKWHODJHUHGLHUEH]HWWLQJ LQHHQYROJHQGNRSSHO2RN]DOGLWOHLGHQWRWHHQODJHUILQDQFLHHOUHQGHPHQWRSKHWYOHHVNXLNHQEHGULMI 9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQZRUGHQJHNHQPHUNWGRRUHHQYRUPYDQFRQWDFWGHUPDWLWLVRQGHUGHYRHW]ROHQ'LW YHUVFKLMQVHONDQPHQDOYDQDIGDJHQOHHIWLMGZDDUQHPHQ,QHUQVWLJHJHYDOOHQNXQQHQZHHIVHOZRHNHULQJHQ YRRUNRPHQPHWDIVWHUYLQJYDQGHRSSHUKXLG2RNNXQQHQXLWVWXOSLQJHQ]LFKRQWZLNNHOHQLQ]ZHUHQPHW RQWVWHNLQJVUHDFWLHVLQKHWRQGHUKXLGVHZHHIVHO6HFXQGDLUNXQQHQELMYRRUEHHOGEDFWHUL½QHQYLUXVVHQOHLGHQWRW DQGHUHSUREOHPHQ )DFWRUHQGLHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQYHURRU]DNHQNXQQHQZHVSOLWVHQLQLQWHUQHHQH[WHUQHIDFWRUHQ,QWHUQH IDFWRUHQ]LMQJHUHODWHHUGDDQKHWGLHU]HOIHQH[WHUQHIDFWRUHQQLHW$OVLQWHUQHIDFWRUHQZRUGHQJHQRHPGVHNVH NXLNHQPHUNOHHIWLMGGUXNOLFKDDPVJHZLFKWHQJH]RQGKHLG([WHUQHIDFWRUHQEHÁQYORHGHQRSHHQRIDQGHUHZLM]H GHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLW$OVH[WHUQHIDFWRUHQZRUGHQJHQRHPGZLM]HYDQZDWHUYHUVWUHNNLQJYRHUVDPHQVWHOOLQJ VWURRLVHOW\SHVWURRLVHOGLNWHWRSGUHVVLQJ ELMVWURRLHQ

(10) NOLPDDWVHL]RHQOLFKWVFKHPDHQOLFKWLQWHQVLWHLW GLHUEH]HWWLQJHQPHVWYHUGHOLQJ9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ]LMQHHQPXOWLIDFWRUL½OHDDQGRHQLQJHQDOOHJHQRHPGH IDFWRUHQNXQQHQGXVHHQHIIHFWKHEEHQRSKHWRQWVWDDQGDDUYDQ:LOPHQKHWSUREOHHPRSORVVHQGDQ]XOOHQDOOH PRJHOLMNHIDFWRUHQPRHWHQZRUGHQJHVFUHHQGLQGHVWDOHQ]DOPHQLQWHUYHQWLHVWUDWHJLH½QPRHWHQWRHSDVVHQ 1DLQYRHULQJYDQGH(:9PRHWHQGHYRHW]ROHQLQDOOHDIJHOHYHUGHNRSSHOVZRUGHQJHVFRRUGRS YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ,QKHWFRQFHSW(8ïULFKWOLMQYRRUKHWZHO]LMQYDQYOHHVNXLNHQVLVHHQVFRULQJVPHWKRGH RSJHQRPHQGLHEHVWDDWXLWGULHNODVVHQ%LMVFRUHZRUGHQJHHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQZDDUJHQRPHQ(HQ OLFKWHK\SHUNHUDWRVH ZHHIVHOXLWVWXOSLQJ

(11) EHKRRUWRRNQRJWRWVFRUH%LMVFRUHZRUGHQOLFKWHDIZLMNLQJHQ JHYRQGHQ]RDOVXLWVWXOSLQJHQSDSLOOHQHQYHUNOHXULQJYDQGHYRHW]RRO%LMVFRUHZRUGHQHUQVWLJHDIZLMNLQJHQ JHYRQGHQ]RDOV]ZHUHQHQNORYHQ'H]HVFRULQJVPHWKRGHSDVWPHQLQ=ZHGHQHQ'HQHPDUNHQDOWRH,Q=ZHGHQ LVHHQPRQLWRULQJVSURJUDPPDYRRUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQJHVWDUWLQKHWPLGGHQYDQGHMDUHQ,QGLW SURJUDPPDVFRUHQJHWUDLQGHLQVSHFWHXUVGHYRHW]ROHQYDQNRSSHOVYOHHVNXLNHQVLQGHVODFKWHULMYROJHQVHHQ VFRULQJVV\VWHHP ]LHELMODJH

(12) GDWLVRQWZLNNHOGGRRUGH6ZHGLVK8QLYHUVLW\RI$JULFXOWXUDO6FLHQFHV $OJHUVHQ %HUJ

(13) HQLVRSJHQRPHQLQKHWFRQFHSW(:9+HWPRQLWRULQJVSURJUDPPDLVJHNRSSHOGDDQHHQ DGYLHVSURJUDPPD'HSUHYDOHQWLHHQHUQVWYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQYOHHVNXLNHQVQDPDIQDLQYRHULQJYDQKHW SURJUDPPD %HUJ(NVWUDQGHWDO

(14) (HQJHOLMNVRRUWLJSURJUDPPDLVHQNHOHMDUHQJHOHGHQJHVWDUWLQ 'HQHPDUNHQ 6qUHQVHQHWDO

(15) 1DLQYRHULQJYDQKHWPRQLWRULQJVSURJUDPPDLVGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGH YRHW]ROHQEHGXLGHQGYHUEHWHUG+HWLVGXVPRJHOLMNRPGHSUHYDOHQWLHYDQGH]HPXOWLIDFWRUL½OHDDQGRHQLQJ DDQ]LHQOLMNWHUHGXFHUHQZDWKHWZHO]LMQYDQGHYOHHVNXLNHQVWHQJRHGHNRPW  2SHQIHEUXDULKHHIW$6*HHQNHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJJHRUJDQLVHHUGPHWGHVNXQGLJHQHQRQGHU]RHNHUVXLW =ZHGHQ'HQHPDUNHQ%HOJL½'XLWVODQGHQ1HGHUODQG'RHOKLHUYDQZDVRPWHNRPHQWRWHHQXQLIRUPH(XURSHHV JHDFFHSWHHUGHFODVVLILFHULQJYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQHQNHQQLVXLWWHZLVVHOHQRYHURRU]DNHQYDQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQHQGHHIIHFWHQYDQKHWYHUSOLFKWPHWHQGDDUYDQRSGHLQFLGHQWLHHQKHWPDQDJHPHQWRS KHWYOHHVNXLNHQEHGULMI.

(16) 6XPPDU\.  )RRWSDGGHUPDWLWLVLVDQLPSRUWDQWDQLPDOKHDOWKDQGzZHOIDUHSDUDPHWHU6HYHUHIRRWSDGOHVLRQVPD\FDXVH SDLQDQGKHDOWKZLOOEHQHJDWLYHO\DIIHFWHGUHVXOWLQJLQDZHOIDUHLVVXH6HYHUHIRRWSDGOHVLRQVZLOOUHVXOWLQOHVV DELOLW\WRPRYHDQGIHHGDQGZDWHULQWDNHPD\EHUHGXFHG3HUIRUPDQFHDQGSURFHVVLQJUHVXOWVZLOOEHQHJDWLYHO\ DIIHFWHGZKLFKZLOOUHVXOWLQDQHFRQRPLFORVVLQWKHEURLOHUFKDLQ,QWKHSURSRVHG(8'LUHFWLYHRQWKHSURWHFWLRQ RIFKLFNHQVNHSWIRUPHDWSURGXFWLRQ EURLOHUV

(17) IRRWSDGOHVLRQVLVRQHRIWKHSDUDPHWHUVIRUGHWHUPLQLQJZHOIDUH LQDEURLOHUIORFN)DUPHUVZKRIUHTXHQWO\KDYHGHOLYHUHGEURLOHUIORFNVZLWKDKLJKQXPEHURIIRRWSDGOHVLRQVZLOO EHSXQLVKHGLQDZD\WKDWWKHIDUPHUKDVWRGHFUHDVHVWRFNLQJGHQVLW\LQVXEVHTXHQWIORFNV7KLVZLOOUHVXOWLQD ORZHUIDUPSURILWDELOLW\ )RRWSDGOHVLRQVDUHGHWHUPLQHGDVFRQWDFWGHUPDWLWLVXQGHUQHDWKWKHIRRWSDGVDQGFDQEHREVHUYHGDOUHDG\ IURPILYHGD\VRIDJHRQZDUGV,QVHYHUHFDVHVK\SHUNHUDWRVLVDQGQHFURVLVRIWKHHSLGHUPLVPD\UHVXOWLQ XOFHUDWLRQVLQWKHXQGHUQHDWKWLVVXH0RUHRYHUVHFRQGDU\LQIHFWLRQVE\IRULQVWDQFHEDFWHULDDQGYLUXVHVPD\ OHDGWRRWKHUSUREOHPV)DFWRUVDIIHFWLQJIRRWSDGOHVLRQVPD\EHVSOLWXSLQLQWHUQDODQGH[WHUQDOIDFWRUV ,QWHUQDOIDFWRUVDUHUHODWHGWRWKHELUGVWKHPVHOYHVDQGH[WHUQDOIDFWRUVDUHQRWUHODWHGWRWKHELUGVEXWWRWKH HQYLURQPHQW([DPSOHVRILQWHUQDOIDFWRUVDUH6H[EUHHGDJHSUHVVXUHZHLJKWJURZWKUDWHDQGKHDOWK ([WHUQDOIDFWRUVDUHPDLQO\DIIHFWLQJOLWWHUTXDOLW\([DPSOHVRIH[WHUQDOIDFWRUVDUHW\SHRIZDWHUHTXLSPHQW QXWULWLRQOLWWHUW\SHWKLFNQHVVRIOLWWHUOD\HUWRSGUHVVLQJFOLPDWHVHDVRQOLJKWLQJVFKHGXOHDQGOLJKWLQWHQVLW\ VWRFNLQJGHQVLW\DQGGLVSHUVHRIPDQXUHLQWKHKRXVH)RRWSDGOHVLRQVDUHDPXOWLïIDFWRULDOOHVLRQ$OOPHQWLRQHG IDFWRUVPD\KDYHDQHIIHFWRQWKHDHWLRORJ\RIIRRWSDGOHVLRQV7KHSUREOHPRIIRRWSDGOHVLRQVPD\EHVROYHG E\VFUHHQLQJDOOIDFWRUVLQWKHEURLOHUKRXVHDQGE\DSSO\LQJLQWHUYHQWLRQVWUDWHJLHV 2QFHWKH(8'LUHFWLYHKDVEHHQLQWURGXFHGDOOIORFNVGHOLYHUHGWRVODXJKWHUKDYHWREHGHWHUPLQHGIRUIRRWSDG OHVLRQV,QWKHSURSRVHG(8'LUHFWLYHRQWKHSURWHFWLRQRIFKLFNHQVNHSWIRUPHDWSURGXFWLRQ EURLOHUV

(18) DVFRULQJ PHWKRGRIIRRWSDGOHVLRQVLVSUHVHQWHGZLWKWKUHHGLIIHUHQWFODVVHV • 6FRUH 1ROHVLRQ1ROHVLRQVRUYHU\VPDOODQGVXSHUILFLDOOHVLRQVVOLJKWGLVFRORUDWLRQRQDOLPLWHG DUHDPLOGK\SHUNHUDWRULVLVROGVFDUV • 6FRUH 0LOGOHVLRQ6XEVWDQWLDOGLVFRORUDWLRQRIWKHIRRWSDGVXSHUILFLDOOHVLRQGDUNSDSLOODH • 6FRUH 6HYHUHOHVLRQ8OFHUVRUVFDEVRIVLJQLILFDQWVL]HVLJQVRIKDHPRUUKDJHVRUVHYHUHO\ VZROOHQIRRWSDG 7KLVVFRULQJPHWKRGLVDOUHDG\DSSOLHGLQ6ZHGHQDQG'HQPDUN6ZHGHQKDVLQWURGXFHGDPRQLWRULQJSURJUDP IRUIRRWSDGOHVLRQVGXULQJWKHPLGGOH~V,QWKHSURJUDPWUDLQHGLQVSHFWRUVVFRUHWKHIRRWSDGVLQEURLOHU IORFNVLQWKHVODXJKWHUSODQWDFFRUGLQJWRWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGV\VWHPZLWKWKUHHFODVVHV VHHDOVR$SSHQGL[

(19)  7KLVVFRULQJPHWKRGLVGHYHORSHGE\WKH6ZHGLVK8QLYHUVLW\RI$JULFXOWXUDO6FLHQFHV $OJHUVDQG%HUJ

(20) $Q DGYLVRU\VHUYLFHKDVEHHQLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWKHSURJUDP3UHYDOHQFHDQGVHYHULW\RIIRRWSDGOHVLRQVGHFUHDVHG DIWHULQWURGXFWLRQRIWKHSURJUDP %HUJ(NVWUDQGHWDO

(21) 6XFKDSURJUDPKDVDOVREHHQLQWURGXFHG LQ'HQPDUN 6qUHQVHQHWDO

(22) /LNHLQ6ZHGHQIRRWSDGKHDOWKDOVRLQ'HQPDUNLPSURYHGVLJQLILFDQWO\DIWHU LQWURGXFWLRQRIWKHSURJUDP)URPWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGSURJUDPVLQ6ZHGHQDQG'HQPDUNLWPD\EHFRQFOXGHG WKDWWKHPXOWLïIDFWRULDOOHVLRQPD\EHVLJQLILFDQWO\UHGXFHGUHVXOWLQJLQDQLPSURYHPHQWRIEURLOHUZHOIDUH  2Q)HEUXDU\WKDQGWKWKH$QLPDO6FLHQFHV*URXSRUJDQL]HGDPHHWLQJWRH[FKDQJHNQRZOHGJHDERXW WKLVSUREOHPDQGVFRULQJPHWKRGVZLWKSDUWLFLSDQWVIURP6ZHGHQ'HQPDUN%HOJLXP*HUPDQ\DQG7KH 1HWKHUODQGV7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVPHHWLQJZDVWRGLVFXVVDXQLIRUPVFRULQJPHWKRGDFFHSWHGE\WKH(8DQGWR H[FKDQJHNQRZOHGJHDERXWWKHFDXVDWLYHIDFWRUVRIIRRWSDGGHUPDWLWLVDQGWKHHIIHFWVRILQWHUYHQWLRQPHWKRGV RQWKHEURLOHUIDUP .

(23) ,QKRXGVRSJDYH   9RRUZRRUG  6DPHQYDWWLQJ  6XPPDU\  . ,QOHLGLQJ  . . 9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ  . %HVFKULMYLQJ. . ,QWHUQHIDFWRUHQ . . . . 6HNVH . . .XLNHQPHUN . . /HHIWLMGGUXNHQJURHLVQHOKHLG . . *H]RQGKHLG . ([WHUQHIDFWRUHQ  . :DWHUYHUVWUHNNLQJ. . 9RHUVDPHQVWHOOLQJ. . 6WURRLVHOW\SH . . 6WURRLVHOGLNWH . . 7RSGUHVVLQJ ELMVWURRLHQ

(24) . . .OLPDDW6HL]RHQ . . /LFKW . . 'LHUEH]HWWLQJ. . 0HVWYHUGHOLQJ. .HQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJ   . 3URJUDPPD . . 6DPHQYDWWLQJGLVFXVVLHQDYGHOH]LQJHQ . (8ï:HO]LMQVULFKWOLMQYOHHVNXLNHQV . . =ZHHGVHVLWXDWLH. . 'HHQVHVLWXDWLH. . 2YHULJHGLVFXVVLHSXQWHQ. . 6FRULQJVPHWKRGLHNDDQGHKDQGYDQIRWRV. . 6FRULQJVPHWKRGLHNRSKHWYOHHVNXLNHQEHGULMI. . 9HUYROJ . . 0DFURVFRSLVFKHVFRULQJVPHWKRGLHN . . &RQFOXVLHV . %LMODJHQ   %LMODJH. &ODVVLILFHULQJHQELMEHKRUHQGHLQVWUXFWLHIRWRV]RDOVJHEUXLNWLQ=ZHGHQ Î&%HUJ

(25) . %LMODJH. 'HHOQHPHUVOLMVWNHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJ . %LMODJH. (8FRXQFLOGLUHFWLYHDQGDHWLRORJ\DQGFDXVDWLYHIDFWRUVRIIRRWSDGGHUPDWLWLVLQEURLOHUV. . E\'U7HXQ9HOGNDPS$QLPDO6FLHQFHV*URXSRI:DJHQLQJHQ851HWKHUODQGV . . %LMODJH. 0RQLWRULQJEURLOHUZHOIDUHSDUDPHWHUVDWVODXJKWHUXVLQJYLGHRLPDJLQJE\'U,QJULGGH-RQJ. . $QLPDO6FLHQFHV*URXSRI:DJHQLQJHQ851HWKHUODQGVDQG6MDDN.RRPHQ0H\Q1HWKHUODQGV. . %LMODJH. 5HVHDUFKRQOHJSUREOHPVLQ*HHO%HOJLXPE\'U-RKDQ=RRQV3URHIEHGULMIYRRUGH. . 9HHKRXGHULM%HOJLXP. .

(26) %LMODJH. 6ZHGLVKH[SHULHQFHVUHODWHGWRIRRWïSDGKHDOWKFODVVLILFDWLRQDWVODXJKWHUSODQWVDQGWRWKH. . HIIHFWVRILQWHUYHQWLRQE\'U/RWWD%HUJ6ZHGLVK$QLPDO:HOIDUH$JHQF\6ZHGHQ . . %LMODJH. &DOLEUDWLRQRIIRRWSDGDVVHVVRUVE\'U%LUWH/LQGVWUqP1LHOVHQ)DFXOW\RI$JULFXOWXUDO. . 6FLHQFHV$DUKXV8QLYHUVLW\'HQPDUN . . %LMODJH. 3UDFWLFDOH[SHULHQFHVDQGUHVXOWVZLWKEURLOHUIRRWïSDGVFRULQJLQ'HQPDUNE\'U-HWWH6RHKROP. . 3HWHUVHQ'DQLVK$JULFXOWXUDO$GYLVRU\6HUYLFH'HQPDUN . . /LWHUDWXXU   .

(27) 5DSSRUW.  ,QOHLGLQJ $DQOHLGLQJ 9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQELMYOHHVNXLNHQV]LMQJHHQQLHXZIHQRPHHQPDDUKHWRQGHUZHUSLVVWHUNLQGH EHODQJVWHOOLQJNRPHQWHVWDDQGRRUGHRSKDQGHQ]LMQGH(XURSHVHZHWïHQUHJHOJHYLQJPHWEHWUHNNLQJWRWKHW ZHO]LMQYDQYOHHVNXLNHQV,QGH]HUHJHOJHYLQJZRUGHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQQDDVWRDXLWYDOQDGUXNNHOLMN YHUPHOGDOVHHQYDQGHSDUDPHWHUVZDDUDDQKHWZHO]LMQYDQGHNRSSHODIJHPHWHQJDDWZRUGHQ,QGLHQRSHHQ EHGULMIRILQHHQGHHOYDQKHWEHGULMIGHDFFHSWDEHOHQLYHDXVYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQZRUGHQRYHUVFKUHGHQLV KHWPRJHOLMNGDWGHYHHKRXGHURSGLWEHGULMI RIGHHOHUYDQ

(28) GHGLHUEH]HWWLQJPRHWYHUODJHQ,VKHWQLYHDXYDQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQJHULQJGDQPDJGHGLHUEH]HWWLQJPRJHOLMNYHUKRRJGZRUGHQWRWHHQPD[LPXPYDQ NJP (HQJRHGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGHYRHW]ROHQLVGXVQLHWDOOHHQJHZHQVWXLWKHWRRJSXQWYDQGLHUZHO]LMQPDDURRNYDQXLW EHGULMIVHFRQRPLVFKRRJSXQW2PGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGHYRHW]ROHQWHNXQQHQEHÁQYORHGHQLVNHQQLVRYHUKHWRQWVWDDQ HQRYHUGHRRU]DNHOLMNHIDFWRUHQHVVHQWLHHO,QRSGUDFKWYDQKHW39(LVHHQGHVNVWXGLHXLWJHYRHUGRPGH]HNHQQLV WHYHUJDUHQ'DDUQDDVWLVLQRSGUDFKWYDQKHW39(/19HQGH(8HHQELMHHQNRPVWJHRUJDQLVHHUGPHW GHVNXQGLJHQHQRQGHU]RHNHUVXLW=ZHGHQ'HQHPDUNHQ'XLWVODQG%HOJL½HQ1HGHUODQGRPNHQQLVXLWWHZLVVHOHQ RYHUGH]HSUREOHPDWLHN(HQDQGHUGRHOYDQGH]HELMHHQNRPVWZDVRPWHNRPHQWRWHHQXQLIRUPH VFRULQJVPHWKRGLHNYDQYRHW]ROHQ  ,PSOLFDWLHVYRRUYOHHVNXLNHQV 9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ]LMQHHQEHODQJULMNDVSHFWYDQGLHUJH]RQGKHLGHQzZHO]LMQ,QHUQVWLJHJHYDOOHQYHURRU]DNHQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQSLMQZDWVDPHQPHWHHQYHUPLQGHUGHJH]RQGKHLGHHQZHO]LMQVSUREOHHPYRUPW,QHHQ OLWHUDWXXUVWXGLHQRHPW6DYRU\ 

(29) HHQVOHFKWHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLWDOVHHQYDQGHGULHEHODQJULMNHIDFWRUHQGLHKHW ZHO]LMQYDQYOHHVNXLNHQVEHÁQYORHGHQ'RRUVOHFKWHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLWNXQQHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQRQWVWDDQ 9OHHVNXLNHQVPHWYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQNXQQHQHHQDIZLMNHQGORRSJHGUDJYHUWRQHQ +DUPVHQ6LPSVRQ +HVWHU

(30) DOVJHYROJYDQSLMQ 0DUWODQG

(31) 'LWNDQUHVXOWHUHQLQHHQYHUPLQGHUGHPRELOLWHLWHQGDDUGRRU HHQYHUPLQGHUGHYRHUïHQZDWHURSQDPH  ,PSOLFDWLHVYRRUGHYOHHVNXLNHQVHFWRU 9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQKHEEHQRSKHWSULPDLUHEHGULMIQDDVWGHUYLQJYDQLQNRPVWHQRRNFRQVHTXHQWLHVYRRUGH SOXLPYHHYOHHVLQGXVWULH9OHHVNXLNHQVPHWHUQVWLJHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQJURHLHQODQJ]DPHU 0DUWODQG (NVWUDQGHQ$OJHUV

(32) 'LWZRUGWYROJHQV0DUWODQG 

(33) YHURRU]DDNWGRRUDDQSDVVLQJYDQKHWJHGUDJDOV JHYROJYDQGHSLMQGLHGHGLHUHQRQGHUYLQGHQ'LHUHQPHWYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQEHZHJHQPLQGHUPHWDOVJHYROJ GDWGHGLHUHQPLQGHUYRHURSQHPHQHQKLHUGRRUPLQGHUVQHOJURHLHQ'HHFRQRPLVFKHUHVXOWDWHQYRRUGH SOXLPYHHKRXGHUZRUGHQVOHFKWHUZDQQHHUGHDDQGRHQLQJYHHOYRRUNRPWLQKHWNRSSHO'HUHODWLHWXVVHQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQHQDQGHUHYRUPHQYDQFRQWDFWGHUPDWLWLV]RDOVERUVWEODUHQHQEUDQGKDNNHQLVQLHWJHKHHO GXLGHOLMNKRHZHOLQHQNHOHRQGHU]RHNHQHHQSRVLWLHYHUHODWLHZHUGDDQJHWRRQG *UHHQHHWDO0DUWODQG 

(34) 'H]HYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQOHLGHQLQGHVODFKWHULMWRWPHHUDINHXULQJHQZDDUGRRUGHHFRQRPLVFKH UHVXOWDWHQYHUGHUYHUVOHFKWHUHQ :LVH&UDYHQHUHWDO

(35)  ,QYHHOODQGHQZRUGHQGHORRSEHQHQQLHWYHUGHUYHUZHUNWYRRUPHQVHOLMNHFRQVXPSWLHHQGDDUGRRUZRUGWPDDU ZHLQLJDDQGDFKWJHVFKRQNHQDDQGHFRQGLWLHYDQGHYRHW]ROHQ,QGH9HUHQLJGH6WDWHQYHUZHUNWPHQYRHW]ROHQ YDDNZHOYHUGHUHQ]HYRUPHQGDDURQJHYHHUYDQGHWRWDOHQHYHQVWURRPLQGHVODFKWHULM %RZHUVHQ6KDQH 

(36) 9RRUGHVODFKWHULMLVHHQJRHGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGHYRHW]ROHQGDQGLUHFWEHODQJULMNYRRUHHQRSWLPDOH YHUZDDUGLQJYDQGLWSURGXFW/RRSEHQHQYDQYOHHVNXLNHQVZRUGHQGHODDWVWHMDUHQYDQXLWGH9HUHQLJGH6WDWHQ YHHOJH½[SRUWHHUGQDDU=XLGRRVWï$]L½,QGHMDUHQ~ZDVGHH[SRUWYDQORRSEHQHQYDQYOHHVNXLNHQVYDQXLWGH 9HUHQLJGH6WDWHQRQJHYHHUPLOMRHQSHUMDDU 863RXOWU\DQG(JJ([SRUW&RXQFLO&KULVWLDQVRQ %RZHUVHQ6KDQH

(37) 'H]HELMSURGXFWHQYRUPHQEHODQJULMNHLQNRPVWHQYRRUGHVODFKWHULMHQ $QRQ\PRXV$QRQ\PRXV%RZHUVHQ6KDQH

(38) 'HKDQGHONDQDOOHHQSODDWVYLQGHQPHW ORRSEHQHQYDQHHQXLWVWHNHQGHNZDOLWHLW/RRSEHQHQZRUGHQLQGH9HUHQLJGH6WDWHQYHUNRFKWSHUPDDWHQSHU NZDOLWHLWVNODVVH(U]LMQGULHFDWHJRULH½QNOHLQ ïJ

(39) PHGLXP ïJ

(40) HQMXPER ïJ

(41)  %LOJLOLHQ+HVV 

(42) 'DDUQDDVW]LMQHUGULHNZDOLWHLWVNODVVHQWHRQGHUVFKHLGHQ$ JHHQDIZLMNLQJHQ

(43) % OLFKWHDIZLMNLQJHQ

(44) HQ& YRRU~UHQGHULQJSODQWYHUGHUHYHUZHUNLQJ

(45)  %URZQHWDO

(46) (U]LMQVXEVWDQWL½OHSULMVYHUVFKLOOHQWXVVHQGH YHUVFKLOOHQGHPDWHQHQNZDOLWHLWVNODVVHQ7XVVHQ$HQ&NZDOLWHLWNDQGLWZHOSHUNLORJUDP]LMQ %RZHUVHQ 6KDQH

(47) ,Q1HGHUODQGZRUGHQORRSEHQHQQLHWDOV]RGDQLJYHUZHUNWHQYHUNRFKWRPGDWGHRSEUHQJVWYDQ GH]HYHUZDDUGLQJRQGHU1HGHUODQGVHRPVWDQGLJKHGHQPDUJLQDDOLVGRRUGHKRJHDUEHLGVNRVWHQ   . 'H]HEH]HWWLQJLVQRJQLHWGHILQLWLHIYDVWJHOHJGLQGHWRHNRPVWLJH(:9PDDULVWHQWLMGHYDQGLWUDSSRUWQRJRQGHUKHYLJDDQ GLVFXVVLH. .

(48) 5DSSRUW.  9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ ,QGHSUDNWLMNZRUGHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQRRNZHOYRHW]RRORQWVWHNLQJHQYRHW]RRODIZLMNLQJHQSRGRGHUPDWLWLV HQ)3' IRRWSDGGHUPDWLWLV

(49) JHQRHPG,QGLWUDSSRUWLVJHNR]HQYRRUGHWHUPYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ   %HVFKULMYLQJ 9RHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQZRUGHQJHNHQPHUNWGRRUHHQDIZLMNLQJRQGHUGHYRHW]ROHQELMSOXLPYHH 1DLUQHQ:DWVRQ 6FKPLGWHQ/XGHUV:LVH%UDFHZHOO0DUWODQG6FKXO]H.HUVWLQJ

(50) 'H DIZLMNLQJHQ]LMQHHQYRUPYDQFRQWDFWGHUPDWLWLV 1DLUQHQ:DWVRQ*UHHQHHWDO

(51) GLHWH]LHQ]LMQDDQ GHRQGHUNDQWYDQGHYRHW,QHHQYURHJVWDGLXP VRPVDORSGDJHQOHHIWLMG

(52) NDQDOHHQYHUNOHXULQJYDQGHKXLG ZRUGHQZDDUJHQRPHQ+LVWRORJLVFK]LHWPHQGDQK\SHUNHUDWRVH ZHHIVHOZRHNHULQJHQ

(53) HQQHFURVH ZHHIVHODIVWHUYLQJ

(54) YDQGHHSLGHUPLV RSSHUKXLG

(55) ,QHUQVWLJHJHYDOOHQNXQQHQGHXLWVWXOSLQJHQ]LFKRQWZLNNHOHQLQ ]ZHUHQPHWRQWVWHNLQJVUHDFWLHVLQKHWRQGHUKXLGVHZHHIVHO *UHHQHHWDO

(56) 'H]ZHUHQ]LMQYDDNDIJHGLFKW PHWHHQNRUVWVWURRLVHOHQPHVW'HDIZLMNLQJHQZRUGHQYDDN~DPPRQLDEXUQVJHQRHPGZDQQHHUGHGHUPDWLWLV LVYHURRU]DDNWGRRUHHQFRPELQDWLHYDQQDWVWURRLVHOKRJHDPPRQLDNJHKDOWHQHQDQGHUHFKHPLVFKHIDFWRUHQLQ KHWVWURRLVHO 1DLUQHQ:DWVRQ+DUPVHWDO*UHHQHHWDO0DUWODQG0F,OUR\HWDO 6FKXO]H.HUVWLQJ

(57) +RHZHOGHDDQGRHQLQJQLHWSULPDLUZRUGWYHURRU]DDNWGRRUEDFWHUL½QLVGH]HZHO YDDNJHÁQIHFWHHUGGRRUHHQYDUL½WHLWYDQEDFWHUL½QHQVFKLPPHOV *UHHQHHWDO

(58) VSHFLDDO6WDSK\ORFRFFXV VSS +HVWHU

(59) 'HYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJNDQ]LFKLQPLQGHUGDQHHQZHHNRQWZLNNHOHQHQXLWJURHLHQWRW ]ZHUHQ *UHHQHHWDO(NVWUDQGHQ$OJHUV

(60) ,QHHQRQGHU]RHNYDQ'H%DHUHHQ=RRQV F

(61) ZHUG DDQJHWRRQGGDWGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGHYRHW]ROHQLQHHQVNDQYHUVOHFKWHUHQ'HDDQGRHQLQJNDQRRNZHHUKHOHQ1D KHOLQJNDQPHQKHWSDWURRQRSGHHSLGHUPLVQLHWPHHU]LHQHQKHHIWGHSOHNHHQLHWVEOHNHUHNOHXUGDQQRUPDDO *UHHQHHWDO

(62) +HWKHOHQJDDWVQHOOHUZDQQHHUGHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLWZRUGWYHUEHWHUG 0DUWODQG

(63)    ,QWHUQHIDFWRUHQ 0HWLQWHUQHIDFWRUHQGLHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQNXQQHQYHURRU]DNHQEHGRHOHQZHIDFWRUHQGLHJHUHODWHHUG]LMQ DDQKHWYOHHVNXLNHQ]HOIHQGXVQLHWDDQGHRPJHYLQJ .  6HNVH +HWHIIHFWYDQVHNVHRSKHWRQWVWDDQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLVQLHWJHKHHOGXLGHOLMN+DQHQHQKHQQHQNHQQHQ HHQYHUVFKLOOHQGJURHLYHUORRSHQZRUGHQDIJHOHYHUGRSHHQYHUVFKLOOHQGHLQGJHZLFKW(NVWUDQGHWDO 

(64)  YRQGHQJHHQYHUVFKLOOHQLQSUHYDOHQWLHYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQWXVVHQKDQHQHQKHQQHQ,QKXQRQGHU]RHN ZHUGHQGHKDQHQHQKHQQHQHFKWHUDORSMRQJHOHHIWLMGJHVODFKWZDDUGRRUKHWJHZLFKWVYHUVFKLOPLVVFKLHQQRJ QLHWJURRWJHQRHJZDVRPYHUVFKLOOHQLQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQWHNULMJHQ(HQRQGHU]RHNYDQ%UXFHHWDO &UDYHQHUHWDO$OOH\ZHHVXLWGDWYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQPHHUYRRUNRPHQELMKDQHQGDQELMKHQQHQ 'LWNDQZRUGHQYHURRU]DDNWGRRUYHUVFKLOOHQLQOLFKDDPVJHZLFKWHQHHQYHUVFKLOLQEHKRHIWHDDQQXWUL½QWHQWXVVHQ KDQHQHQKHQQHQ,QDQGHUHRQGHU]RHNHQZHUGHFKWHUJHYRQGHQGDWYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQPHHUYRRUNZDPHQELM KHQQHQGDQELMKDQHQ =RRQVHQ'H%DHUH.MDHUHWDO

(65)  .  .XLNHQPHUN ,QHQNHOHYHOGVWXGLHVZHUGHQGXLGHOLMNHYHUVFKLOOHQJHYRQGHQLQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQWXVVHQYHUVFKLOOHQGH PHUNHQNXLNHQV (NVWUDQGHWDO.HVWLQHWDO6DQRWUDHWDO

(66) WHUZLMODQGHUHVWXGLHVMXLVWJHHQ YHUVFKLOOHQOLHWHQ]LHQ (NVWUDQGHWDO

(67) 5HFHQWHOLMNLVJHYRQGHQGDWHUHHQUHODWLHIKRJHHUIHOLMNKHLGVJUDDG LVYRRUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ JHVFKDWWHHUIHOLMNKHLGVJUDDGYRRUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQÐ

(68) 'LW VXJJHUHHUWGDWJHQHWLVFKHVHOHFWLHWHJHQJHYRHOLJKHLGYRRUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQPRJHOLMNLV]RQGHUQHJDWLHYH HIIHFWHQRSGHJURHL .MDHUHWDO

(69) . .

(70) 5DSSRUW.  /HHIWLMGGUXNHQJURHLVQHOKHLG 'HIDFWRUHQOHHIWLMGGUXNHQJURHLVQHOKHLG]LMQRQORVPDNHOLMNYHUERQGHQDDQGHFRQWDFWGXXUWXVVHQGHYRHW]RROHQ KHWVWURRLVHO+HWLVGDDURPQLHWWH]HJJHQZDDUGRRUGHSUHYDOHQWLHWRHQHHPWELMHHQWRHQDPHYDQKHWJHZLFKWHQ GHGUXN'HFRQWDFWGXXUNDQGXVHYHQJRHGGHYHURRU]DNHU]LMQ,QHHQRQGHU]RHNPHWODQJ]DDPHQ VQHOJURHLHQGHNXLNHQV YDQ+DUQHQ:LHUV

(71) ZHUGHQGHYRHW]ROHQHHQGDJYRRUKHWDIOHYHUHQLQGHVWDO EHRRUGHHOG%LMGHODQJ]DDPJURHLHQGHNXLNHQVZDVKHWDDQWDONXLNHQVPHWYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQYHHOODJHUGDQ ELMGHVQHOJURHLHQGHNXLNHQV%LMGHODQJ]DDPJURHLHQGHNXLNHQVKDGYDQGHGLHUHQHHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJ ELMGHVQHOJURHLHQGHNXLNHQVZDVLWGLWYDQGHGLHUHQ 2RNGHHUQVWYDQGH]HDIZLMNLQJHQZDVPLQGHUELMGHODQJ]DDPJURHLHQGHNXLNHQV2YHULJHQVNDQRRNHHQ YHUVFKLOLQPHUNNXLNHQKLHUELMHHQUROVSHOHQ%RYHQVWDDQGHUHVXOWDWHQ]LMQEHYHVWLJGGRRU.MDHUHWDO 

(72)  .  *H]RQGKHLG 'HJH]RQGKHLGYDQHHQNRSSHOYOHHVNXLNHQVNDQLQYORHGKHEEHQRSYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ'XQQHPHVWLQHHQ NRSSHOYOHHVNXLNHQVYHURRU]DDNWGRRUELMYRRUEHHOGHHQVOHFKWHYRHUNZDOLWHLWGDUPSDUDVLHWHQRIGRRUYLUDOHRI EDFWHUL½OHLQIHFWLHVNDQOHLGHQWRWPHHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ 1HLOOHWDO

(73) 9HUGHULVHHQNRSSHO YOHHVNXLNHQVPHWJH]RQGKHLGVï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

(74) 2SQDWDDQJHNRHNWVWURRLVHONRPHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ YHHOYXOGLJYRRU'LWEHWHNHQWGDWHONHIDFWRUGLHQDWRIDDQJHNRHNWVWURRLVHOYHURRU]DDNWHHQULVLFRIDFWRULVYRRU YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ2QGHUVWDDQGHIDFWRUHQKHEEHQHHQHIIHFWRSGHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLWHQKLHUPHHLQGLUHFWRRN RSKHWRQWVWDDQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ .  :DWHUYHUVWUHNNLQJ (NVWUDQGHWDO 

(75) YRQGHQELMKHWJHEUXLNYDQGULQNQLSSHOVHHQODJHUHSUHYDOHQWLHYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ ELMYOHHVNXLNHQVGDQELMJHEUXLNYDQGULQNFXSV(HQYHUEDQGWXVVHQQDWVWURRLVHOHQKHWW\SHGULQNZDWHUV\VWHHPLV DDQJHWRRQGLQYHUVFKLOOHQGHRQGHU]RHNHQ %UD\HQ/\QQ(OVRQ0HLMHUKRI/\QQHQ(OVRQ 7XFNHUHQ:DONHU9DQ0LGGHONRRSHQYDQ+DUQ&KRORFLQVNDHWDO(NVWUDQGHWDO 

(76) 'LWZRUGWYRRUDOWRHJHVFKUHYHQDDQGHYDULDWLHLQKRHYHHOKHLGPRUVZDWHUWXVVHQGHYHUVFKLOOHQGHW\SHQ GULQNZDWHUV\VWHPHQ .  9RHUVDPHQVWHOOLQJ 9DQHHQDDQWDOQXWUL½QWHQLVEHNHQGGDW]LMGLUHFWELMGUDJHQDDQGHYRUPLQJHQRQWZLNNHOLQJYDQGHRSSHUKXLG %LRWLQHLV]RQQXWUL½QW(UZHUGHQPHHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQJHYRQGHQZDQQHHUGHGLHUHQYRHGHUVNUHJHQGLH WHZHLQLJELRWLQH &KDYH]HQ.UDW]HU+DUPVHWDO2OR\R0D\QH

(77) RIULERIODYLQH 0F*LQQLVHQ&DUYHU

(78) EHYDWWHQ0D\QH 

(79) FRQFOXGHHUWGDWELRWLQHQDQDWVWURRLVHOGHEHODQJULMNVWH IDFWRULVYRRUKHWRSWUHGHQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ9HUGHURQGHU]RHNPHWFRPPHUFL½OHPHUNHQLV QRRG]DNHOLMNRPKHWRSWLPDOHJHKDOWHYDQELRWLQHLQKHWYRHUWHYLQGHQGDWLVYHUHLVWYRRUHHQJH]RQGHJURHL ]RQGHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ 9RHGHUVZRUGHQPRPHQWHHOVDPHQJHVWHOGYROJHQVLQWHUQDWLRQDOHQRUPHQYRRUZDWEHWUHIWQXWUL½QWHQPDDU DIKDQNHOLMNYDQEHVFKLNEDDUKHLGHQNRVWSULM]HQJHEUXLNWPHQYHUVFKLOOHQGHJURQGVWRIIHQRPDDQGH]H QXWUL½QWHQHLVHQWHYROGRHQ%HSDDOGHJURQGVWRIIHQNXQQHQGHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLWEHÁQYORHGHQGRRUGDWGH]H ELMYRRUEHHOGYHHONDOLXPEHYDWWHQ]RDOVVRMDHQWDSLRFD5DQWVRHQHQGLHJHEDVHHUG]LMQRSVRMDNXQQHQHHQURO. .

(80) 5DSSRUW. VSHOHQELMKHWRQWVWDDQYDQQDWVWURRLVHO 1DLUQHQ:DWVRQ

(81) (HQJURRWDDQGHHOVRMDLQGHYRHUVDPHQVWHOOLQJ NDQGHPHVWFRQVLVWHQWLHEHÁQYORHGHQUHVXOWHUHQGLQQDWWHPHVWHQGDDUGRRUQDWVWURRLVHO'HLQFLGHQWLHYDQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQNDQKLHUGRRUWRHQHPHQ -HQVHQHWDO

(82) 7XFNHUHQ:DONHU 

(83) YRQGHQHHQHIIHFW YDQGHYHWNZDOLWHLWLQKHWYRHURSGHUXOKHLGYDQGHWRSODDJYDQKHWVWURRLVHO 9HOGVWXGLHVKHEEHQDDQJHWRRQGGDWHUHHQGLUHFWYHUEDQGLVWXVVHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQHQGHYRHUIDEULNDQW (NVWUDQGHWDO(NVWUDQGHQ&DUSHQWHU6qUHQVHQHWDO

(84) 'LWNRPWRYHUHHQPHWRQGHU]RHN YDQ0F,OUR\HWDO 

(85) HQ%UXFHHWDO 

(86) GLHYHUVFKLOOHQYRQGHQLQGHSUHYDOHQWLHYDQKDNïHQ ERUVWDDQGRHQLQJHQWXVVHQYRHUIDEULNDQWHQ$SSOHE\HWDO 

(87) HQ7XFNHUHQ:DONHU 

(88) JHYHQDDQGDW EHSDDOGHYRHGLQJVIDFWRUHQ]RDOVQDWULXPïHQNDOLXPJHKDOWHQNXQQHQOHLGHQWRWRYHUPDWLJZDWHUYHUEUXLNPHWDOV UHVXOWDDWQDWVWURRLVHO+DUPVHQ6LPSVRQ 

(89) YRQGHQELMNDONRHQHQPLQGHUHUQVWLJHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ ZDQQHHUKHW]RXWJHKDOWHLQKHWYRHUZHUGYHUODDJG+HWVRRUWWDUZHGDWDOVKHOHWDUZHZRUGWELMJHYRHUGNDQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQEHÁQYORHGHQ 6qUHQVHQHWDO

(90) 9RHGHUVPHWHHQKRRJUXZHLZLWJHKDOWHYHURRU]DNHQ HHQKRJHUHXULQH]XXUSURGXFWLHLQGHQLHUHQUHVXOWHUHQGLQHHQKRJHUHZDWHURSQDPHHQQDWWHPHVWPHWYHHO VWLNVWRI'LW]DOOHLGHQWRWPHHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ *RUGRQHWDO

(91)  'H%DHUHHQ=RRQV F

(92) EHVFKULMYHQKHWHIIHFWYDQKHWYHUERGRSKHWJHEUXLNYDQGLHUPHHOLQKHWYRHU +LHUGRRULVGHJURQGVWRIIHQïHQQXWUL½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

(93) +HWDDQSDVVHQYDQKHWHLZLWJHKDOWHJHEHXUGHGRRUKHWELMPHQJHQYDQKHOHWDUZH'H KRHYHHOKHLGWDUZHGLHLQGLWRQGHU]RHNGDJHOLMNVZHUGELMJHPHQJGZDVDIKDQNHOLMNYDQGHHLZLWEHKRHIWHYDQKHW GLHUGHNOHXUHQGHFRQVLVWHQWLHYDQGHPHVWHQGHJHUHDOLVHHUGHJURHL .  6WURRLVHOW\SH (NVWUDQGHWDO 

(94) HQ6qUHQVHQHWDO 

(95) YRQGHQGDWYOHHVNXLNHQVJHKRXGHQRSKRXWNUXOOHQPLQGHU YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQKDGGHQGDQRSVWUR6XHWDO 

(96) HQ'H%DHUHHQ=RRQV E

(97) YRQGHQRRNGDW YOHHVNXLNHQVRSKRXWNUXOOHQPLQGHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQKDGGHQGDQRSJHKDNVHOGWDUZHVWUR+HWZRUGW DDQEHYROHQGDWVWURPRHWZRUGHQJHKDNVHOGYRRUKHWYHUJURWHQYDQGHZDWHUELQGHQGHFDSDFLWHLWDOKRHZHOHQNHOH RQGHU]RHNHQJHHQYHUVFKLOOHQLQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQKHEEHQDDQJHWRRQGWXVVHQYHUVFKLOOHQGHVWUROHQJWHV 5HFHQWRQGHU]RHNLQ%HOJL½KHHIWDDQJHWRRQGGDWRSWXUIPLQGHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQYRRUNRPHQGDQRS KRXWNUXOOHQ =RRQVSHUVRRQOLMNHPHGHGHOLQJ

(98)  .  6WURRLVHOGLNWH (NVWUDQGHWDO 

(99) YRQGHQPLQGHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQELMHHQGLNWHYDQGHVWURRLVHOODDJYDQPLQGHUGDQ FPLQYHUJHOLMNLQJPHWGLNNHUHVWURRLVHOODJHQRPGDWYOHHVNXLNHQVHHQGXQQHUHVWURRLVHOODDJEHZHUNHQGRRUHULQ WHVFKDUUHOHQZDDUGRRUKHWVWURRLVHOEHWHUNDQGURJHQ7XFNHUHQ:DONHU 

(100) YRQGHQGDDUHQWHJHQHHQ VOHFKWHUHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLWZDQQHHUVWURRLVHOODJHQZHUGHQJHEUXLNWYDQFPLQYHUJHOLMNLQJPHWGLNNHUH VWURRLVHOODJHQ FP

(101) 'LWUHVXOWDDWZDVQLHWFRQVLVWHQWYRRUDOOHW\SHQVWURRLVHO+HWZLVVHOHQGHEHHOGNDQ ZRUGHQYHURRU]DDNWGRRUYHUVFKLOOHQLQVWUXFWXXUGHHOWMHVJURRWWHHQDQGHUHNZDOLWHLWVDVSHFWHQYDQGHJHWHVWH VWURRLVHOPDWHULDOHQYHQWLODWLH ZLM]H

(102) HQKHWVRRUWYORHU9ROGRHQGHYHQWLODWLHZRUGWVWHHGVDDQJHJHYHQDOVHHQ EHODQJULMNFULWHULXPRPKHWVWURRLVHOYROGRHQGHGURRJWHKRXGHQ .  7RSGUHVVLQJ ELMVWURRLHQ

(103)  ,QHHQH[SHULPHQWYDQ(NVWUDQGHWDO 

(104) ZHUGJHHQSRVLWLHIHIIHFWYDQELMVWURRLHQYDQVWURRLVHORSGH SUHYDOHQWLHYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQJHYRQGHQ2RN6WHSKHQVRQHWDO 

(105) YRQGHQJHHQHIIHFWKLHUELM%LM NDONRHQHQJHHIWELMVWURRLHQMXLVWZHOHHQSRVLWLHIHIIHFWRSKHWDDQWDOYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ *HUDHGWV &KDUOHVHQ)RUWXQH

(106) PDDUGH]HGLHUHQZRUGHQODQJHUJHKRXGHQ%LMFRPPHUFLHHOJHKRXGHQYOHHVNXLNHQV. .

(107) 5DSSRUW. VWURRLWPHQQDXZHOLMNVELM9DDNYHUEHWHUWGHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLWQDGDWHHQJHGHHOWHYDQGHYOHHVNXLNHQVLV XLWJHODGHQ .  .OLPDDW6HL]RHQ 'HVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLWZRUGWGXLGHOLMNEHÁQYORHGGRRUKHWNOLPDDWVHL]RHQ(HQKRJHOXFKWYRFKWLJKHLGEXLWHQGHVWDO 3D\QH0F,OUR\HWDO

(108) HQLQGHVWDO 3D\QH:HDYHUHQ0HLMHUKRI

(109) ZRUGWJHDVVRFLHHUG PHWHHQVOHFKWHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLW(NVWUDQGHQ&DUSHQWHU 

(110) HQ0DUWUHQFKDUHWDO 

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

(112) ZHUGHHQHIIHFWJHYRQGHQYDQGHUHODWLHYHOXFKWYRFKWLJKHLGLQGHVWDORSKHW GURJHVWRIJHKDOWHYDQKHWVWURRLVHO'HSUHYDOHQWLHHQHUQVWYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQZDVKRJHUELMGDQELM UHODWLHYHOXFKWYRFKWLJKHLGLQGHVWDO0F,OUR\HWDO 

(113) EHVFKUHYHQGDWRRNZDQQHHUGHYHQWLODWLHFDSDFLWHLW YROGRHQGHLVHUQRJYDQDOOHVPLVNDQJDDQRPGDWGHSOXLPYHHKRXGHUYHHODOZLOEHVSDUHQRSVWRRNNRVWHQHQ KLHUGRRUWHZHLQLJJDDWYHQWLOHUHQ+LHUGRRUZRUGWKHWDOVQRJYRFKWLJLQGHVWDOZDDUGRRUKHWVWURRLVHOQDWZRUGW 9RRUDOLQGH1RRUGï(XURSHVHODQGHQLVGLWHHQSUREOHHP6qUHQVHQHWDO 

(114) EHVFKULMYHQGDWHHQODJH VWDOWHPSHUDWXXURSKHWPRPHQWGDWKHWVWURRLVHOZRUGWLQJHEUDFKWYRRUSODDWVLQJYDQGHNXLNHQVNDQOHLGHQWRW PHHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ9DQ0LGGHONRRSHWDO 

(115) YRQGHQGDWKHWJHYROJGHWHPSHUDWXXUVFKHPD VQHORI ODQJ]DDPGDOHQG

(116) HHQHIIHFWKDGRSYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ%LMKHWVQHOGDOHQGHWHPSHUDWXXUVFKHPDKDGGHQ PHHUGLHUHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQGDQELMKHWODQJ]DDPGDOHQGHVFKHPD UHVSHFWLHYHOLMNYHUVXV

(117)  .  /LFKW /DQJHGRQNHUSHULRGHQNXQQHQHHQJXQVWLJHIIHFWKHEEHQRSEHSDDOGHJH]RQGKHLGVSDUDPHWHUV]RDOVRJHQHQKHW EHHQZHUNPDDURSYRHW]ROHQZRUGWYDDNHHQQHJDWLHIHIIHFWJHYRQGHQ(HQPRJHOLMNHYHUNODULQJYRRUPHHU YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQELMHHQODQJHGRQNHUSHULRGHLVGDWRQGDQNVHHQWRWDOHKRJHUHDFWLYLWHLWYDQGH YOHHVNXLNHQVGHGLHUHQODQJHUFRQWLQX]LWWHQRSKHWVWURRLVHOWLMGHQVGHGRQNHUSHULRGHHQPLQGHULQKHWVWURRLVHO ZHUNHQZDWUHVXOWHHUWLQVOHFKWHUVWURRLVHOPHWDOVJHYROJPHHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ 5HQGHQHWDO

(118) 9DQ +DUQHQYDQ0LGGHONRRS 

(119) YRQGHQGDWYOHHVNXLNHQVELMHHQOLFKWVFKHPDYDQXXUOLFKWHQXXUGRQNHU PLQGHUYRHW]RROLUULWDWLHVKDGGHQGDQELMHHQOLFKWVFKHPDYDQXXUOLFKWHQXXUGRQNHU,QHHQ YHUYROJRQGHU]RHN YDQ+DUQHQYDQ0LGGHONRRS

(120) LVHHQUHODWLHJHYRQGHQWXVVHQGHGXXUYDQGH GRQNHUSHULRGHHQKHWDDQWDOYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ+HWDDQWDOYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQZDVELMHHQGRQNHUSHULRGH YDQHQXXUKRJHUGDQELMHHQGRQNHUSHULRGHYDQXXU ,QHHQRQGHU]RHNYDQ6qUHQVHQHWDO 

(121) ZHUGRRNJHYRQGHQGDWHHQNRUWHUHGRQNHUSHULRGHKHWDDQWDO YRHW]RRODDQïGRHQLQJHQYHUPLQGHUGH,Q'HQHPDUNHQLVHHQDDQHHQJHVORWHQGRQNHUSHULRGHYDQXXUWRHJHSDVW YDQWRWGDJHQOHHIWLMG%LMGLWOLFKWVFKHPDZHUGHQPHHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQJHYRQGHQGDQELMKHW JDQJEDUHOLFKWVFKHPD,Q%HOJL½LVRQGHU]RHNXLWJHYRHUGPHWYLHUYHUVFKLOOHQGHOLFKWVFKHPDVHQGULH YHUVFKLOOHQGHYRHGHUSURJUDPPDV =RRQVHQ'H%DHUHD

(122) 'HRQGHU]RFKWHYRHGHUSURJUDPPDV ZDUHQQDDVWHHQWRHJHODWHQFRPPHUFLHHOYRHGHUPHWDQWLELRWLFDHQGLHUPHHOWZHHYRHGHUV]RQGHUDQWLELRWLFDHQ ]RQGHUGLHUPHHO2PGDWLQGXLGHOLMNZDVGDWGHYOHHVNXLNHQKRXGHULMWHPDNHQ]RXNULMJHQPHWYRHGHUV ]RQGHUGLHUPHHOHQGDWHHQOLFKWVFKHPDYDQXXUOLFKWYHUERGHQJLQJHQZRUGHQLVYHUGHUDDQGDFKWEHVWHHG DDQRQGHU]RHNQDDUGHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLW'HRQGHU]RFKWHOLFKWVFKHPDVZDUHQQDDVWHHQOLFKWVFKHPDYDQXXU OLFKWHHQLQWHUPLWWHUHQGOLFKWVFKHPDHQWZHHOLFKWVFKHPDVPHWHHQQDFKWYDQPLQVWHQVXXU8LWGHUHVXOWDWHQ EOHHNGXLGHOLMNGDWKHWWRHSDVVHQYDQYRHGHUV]RQGHUGLHUPHHOLQFRPELQDWLHPHWOLFKWVFKHPDVPHWHHQQDFKW YDQPLQVWHQVXXUHHQQDGHOLJHLQYORHGKDGRSGHVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLW'HYHUGHOLQJYDQOLFKWELQQHQGHVWDONDQRRN HHQUROVSHOHQ:DQQHHUHUJHHQJHOLMNPDWLJHYHUGHOLQJYDQOLFKWLQGHVWDOLVNXQQHQYOHHVNXLNHQVEHSDDOGH SOHNNHQRS]RHNHQHQGDDUJDDQUXVWHQZDDUGRRUHURSGLHSOHNNHQQDWVWURRLVHONDQRQWVWDDQPHWHHQULVLFRYRRU YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ 6qKROP3HWHUVHQHWDO

(123) 2RNKHWW\SHODPSNDQHIIHFWKHEEHQRSKHWGURJHVWRI JHKDOWHYDQKHWVWURRLVHOHQGHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ9OHHVNXLNHQVELMKRRJIUHTXHQW7/KDGGHQPHHU YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQGDQYOHHVNXLNHQVELMJORHLODPSDOVJHYROJYDQQDWWHUVWURRLVHOELMKRRJIUHTXHQW7/ 'H %DHUHHQ=RRQVD

(124) ,QHHQRQGHU]RHNYDQ5RGHQEXUJHWDO 

(125) WHQGHHUGHQYOHHVNXLNHQVELM JURHQEODXZHYHUOLFKWLQJPLQGHUYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQWHKHEEHQGDQYOHHVNXLNHQVELMKRRJIUHTXHQW7/ 9OHHVNXLNHQVELM2VUDPELROX[OLFKWHQPHWHHQKRJHUJHZLFKWKDGGHQHHQJURWHUHNDQVRSYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ GDQYOHHVNXLNHQVELM2VUDPZDUPïZLWOLFKW .ULVWHQVHQHWDO

(126) +LHUNDQRRNKHWKRJHUHJHZLFKWHHQURO KHEEHQJHVSHHOG .

(127) 5DSSRUW.  'LHUEH]HWWLQJ %H]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHLGKDGLQHHQH[SHULPHQWYDQ(NVWUDQGHWDO 

(128) JHHQHIIHFWRSKHWDDQWDO YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQELMYOHHVNXLNHQVKRHZHODQGHUHQZHOHHQYHUEDQGYRQGHQ &UDYHQHUHWDO*DDUGER 7KRPVHQ0DUWUHQFKDUHWDO

(129) +HWYHUVFKLOWXVVHQKHWH[SHULPHQWYDQ(NVWUDQGHWDO 

(130) HQ DQGHUHRQGHU]RHNHQNDQ]LMQYHURRU]DDNWGRRUGDWGHWRHJHVWDQHEH]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHLGLQ=ZHGHQDIKDQNHOLMNLVYDQ GHLQYHQWDULVHQKHWPDQDJHPHQWRSKHWEHGULMI,QKHWH[SHULPHQWYDQ(NVWDQGHWDO 

(131) ZDVKHWPDQDJHPHQW DDQJHSDVWDDQGHKRJHUHEH]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHLG'HEH]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHLGNDQQLHWORVZRUGHQJH]LHQYDQDQGHUH ULVLFRIDFWRUHQLQGH]HVLWXDWLH,QKHWRQGHU]RHNYDQ0DUWUHQFKDUHWDO 

(132) ZDVKHWPDQDJHPHQW YHQWLODWLH WHPSHUDWXXUHHWïHQGULQNUXLPWH

(133) JHOLMNYRRUGHGULHRQGHU]RFKWHEH]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHGHQYDQHQNJP 'HVWURRLVHONZDOLWHLWZHUGVOHFKWHUQDDUPDWHGHEH]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHLGKRJHUZHUGPHWDOVJHYROJPHHU YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ .  0HVWYHUGHOLQJ ,QYOHHVNXLNHQVWDOOHQWUHHGWELQQHQHQNHOHGDJHQPHVWRSKRSLQJRSLQEHSDDOGHJHGHHOWHQYDQGHVWDO,QGH RPJHYLQJYDQGULQNOLMQHQZRUGWYHHOPHVWJHSURGXFHHUGHQQDHQLJHWLMGZRUGWKHWVWURRLVHORSGH]HSOHNNHQHUJ YRFKWLJHQHURQWVWDDQPHVWKRSHQ,QHQLVELM$6*RQGHU]RHNXLWJHYRHUGPHWHHQPRELHOYRHUïHQ GULQNV\VWHHP YDQ+DUQHQ9HOGNDPS

(134) +HWDFKWHUOLJJHQGHLGHHYDQGLWV\VWHHPLVGDWGHUHJHOPDWLJH EHZHJLQJYDQGHYRHUïHQGULQNOLMQHQLQ]LMZDDUWVHULFKWLQJLQGHVWDO]RUJWYRRUHHQUHJHOPDWLJHPHVWYHUGHOLQJ RYHUKHWJHKHOHYORHURSSHUYODN,QGLWRQGHU]RHNZDVKHWGURJHVWRIJHKDOWHLQKHWVWURRLVHOELMKHWPRELHOH V\VWHHPJHPLGGHOGFLUFDKRJHUGDQELMKHWWUDGLWLRQHOHV\VWHHP'LWUHVXOWHHUGHLQHHQYHHOEHWHUH YRHW]RRONZDOLWHLW%LMGHYOHHVNXLNHQVELMKHWPRELHOHYRHUïHQGULQNV\VWHHPKDGYDQGHGLHUHQJHHQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQELMKHWWUDGLWLRQHOHV\VWHHPKDGYDQGHGLHUHQJHHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJ . .

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½HQ'XLWVODQGDDQZH]LJ   3URJUDPPD ,QILJXXUVWDDWKHWSURJUDPPDYDQGHELMHHQNRPVWZHHUJHJHYHQ'HGHHOQHPHUVOLMVWVWDDWLQELMODJH  )LJXXU 3URJUDPPDYDQGHNHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJ.   0RQGD\)HEUXDU\WK   $UULYDODQGFRIIHH   ,QWURGXFWLRQRISDUWLFLSDQWV   (8FRXQFLOGLUHFWLYHDQGDHWLRORJ\DQGFDXVDWLYHIDFWRUVRIIRRWSDGGHUPDWLWLVLQ        . EURLOHUVE\'U7HXQ9HOGNDPS$QLPDO6FLHQFHV*URXSRI:DJHQLQJHQ85 1HWKHUODQGV 0RQLWRULQJEURLOHUZHOIDUHSDUDPHWHUVDWVODXJKWHUXVLQJYLGHRLPDJLQJE\'U,QJULG GH-RQJ$QLPDO6FLHQFHV*URXSRI:DJHQLQJHQ851HWKHUODQGVDQG6MDDN.RRPHQ 0H\Q1HWKHUODQGV )DFWRUVDIIHFWLQJIRRWSDGOHVLRQVLQEURLOHUVE\0U'LHWHU2OWPDQQ1LHGHUV¶FKVLVFKH *HIËJHOZLUWVFKDIW/DQGHVYHUEDQGH9*HUPDQ\ 5HVHDUFKRQOHJSUREOHPVLQ*HHO%HOJLXPE\'U-RKDQ=RRQV3URHIEHGULMIYRRUGH 9HHKRXGHULM%HOJLXP 'LVFXVVLRQ /XQFK 6ZHGLVKH[SHULHQFHVUHODWHGWRIRRWïSDGKHDOWKFODVVLILFDWLRQDWVODXJKWHUSODQWVDQG WRWKHHIIHFWVRILQWHUYHQWLRQE\'U/RWWD%HUJ6ZHGLVK$QLPDO:HOIDUH$JHQF\ 6ZHGHQ. &DOLEUDWLRQRIIRRWSDGDVVHVVRUV E\'U%LUWH/LQGVWUqP1LHOVHQ)DFXOW\RI $JULFXOWXUDO6FLHQFHV$DUKXV8QLYHUVLW\'HQPDUN 3UDFWLFDOH[SHULHQFHVDQGUHVXOWVZLWKEURLOHUIRRWïSDGVFRULQJLQ'HQPDUNE\'U-HWWH 6qKROP3HWHUVHQ'DQLVK$JULFXOWXUDO$GYLVRU\6HUYLFH'HQPDUN &RIIHHDQG'LVFXVVLRQ 'HWHUPLQDWLRQRIIRRWSDGOHVLRQVLQWKHODE (QGRIVHVVLRQRQGD\ 'LQQHU.      7XHVGD\)HEUXDU\WK /RFDWLRQ )DP 'H .RUWH %ODXZORRS   3. /RRQ RS =DQG 7KH 1HWKHUODQGV. .

(136) 5DSSRUW.  6DPHQYDWWLQJGLVFXVVLHQDYGHOH]LQJHQ 'HGLDVJHEUXLNWELMGHOH]LQJHQVWDDQZHHUJHJHYHQLQGHELMODJHQWRWHQPHWPHWXLW]RQGHULQJYDQGHGLDV YDQ'2OWPDQQRPGDWGHUHVXOWDWHQQRJQLHWRSHQEDDUJHPDDNWPRJHQZRUGHQ+LHURQGHUJHYHQZHGH EHODQJULMNVWHGLVFXVVLHSXQWHQHQUHVXOWDWHQXLWGHOH]LQJHQ. .  (8ï:HO]LMQVULFKWOLMQYOHHVNXLNHQV (UQVWLJHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQKHEEHQHHQGXLGHOLMNQHJDWLHIHIIHFWRSKHWZHO]LMQYDQYOHHVNXLNHQV=H YHURRU]DNHQSLMQHHQYHUKRRJGULVLFRRSLQIHFWLHVHQKHEEHQHHQQHJDWLHIHIIHFWRSGHSURGXFWLH+HWRSWUHGHQ YDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQHHQNRSSHOKHHIWHHQGXLGHOLMNHUHODWLHPHWGHKXLVYHVWLQJHQKHWPDQDJHPHQWYDQ YOHHVNXLNHQV 2SGLWPRPHQWVWDDWLQGHYRRUORSLJH:HO]LMQVULFKWOLMQ9OHHVNXLNHQVRPVFKUHYHQGDWYRRULHGHUNRSSHODDQGH VODFKWOLMQSRRWMHVPRHWHQZRUGHQEHRRUGHHOGHQJHVFRRUGLQGHNODVVHQWP9HUYROJHQVZRUGHQGH]H VFRUHVJHZRJHQYROJHQVGHIRUPXOH^> 1NODVVH[

(137)  1NODVVH[

(138) @1WRWDDO`[%LMHHQWRWDDOVFRUHYDQ PHHUGDQSXQWHQYRRUHHQNRSSHOPRHWDFWLHZRUGHQRQGHUQRPHQ=LHYRRUGHGHWDLOVGHSUHVHQWDWLHYDQ 7HXQ9HOGNDPSLQELMODJH (HQYDQGHGLVFXVVLHSXQWHQWLMGHQVGHELMHHQNRPVWZDVGHUHODWLHWXVVHQEH]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHLGHQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ'LNZLMOVGHQNWPHQGDWKHWRPODDJEUHQJHQYDQGHEH]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHLG]RDOVRPVFKUHYHQ LQGH(8ï:HO]LMQVULFKWOLMQ ELMKHWQLHWYROGRHQDDQGHHLVHQPHWEHWUHNNLQJWRWZHO]LMQ

(139) ZRUGWJHGDDQRPPLQGHU YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQWHNULMJHQ'LWWHUZLMOYHOHDQGHUHPDQDJHPHQWIDFWRUHQRRNEHSDOHQG]LMQYRRUKHWRQWVWDDQ YDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ+HWRPODDJEUHQJHQYDQGHGLFKWKHLG]RDOVRPVFKUHYHQLQGH(8ï:HO]LMQVULFKWOLMQLV HFKWHULQJHEUDFKWRPWZHHDQGHUHUHGHQHQWHQHHUVWHRPGDWKHWHHQ~VWUDIPDDWUHJHOLVYRRUHHQ YOHHVNXLNHQKRXGHUZDQQHHUKLM]LMQLHWYROGRHWDDQGHZHO]LMQVHLVHQHQWHQWZHHGHRPGDWKHWSRVLWLHI]RX]LMQ YRRUKHWZHO]LMQ JHGUDJ

(140) +HWLVDOOHHQ]RGDWGXLGHOLMNHHIIHFWHQRSJHGUDJSDVZRUGHQEHUHLNWELMHHQGLFKWKHLG YDQPLQGHUGDQNJPWHUZLMOGHKXLGLJHULFKWOLMQXLWJDDWYDQHHQEDVLVGLFKWKHLGYDQNJP2YHULJHQVELM HHQKRJHEH]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHLGQHHPWGHNDQVRSYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQZHOWRHPDDUGLWNDQGRRUHHQDDQJHSDVW PDQDJHPHQWRQGHUYDQJHQZRUGHQ .  =ZHHGVHVLWXDWLH =ZHGHQLVLQJHVWDUWPHWKHW~EURLOHUIRRWKHDOWKSURJUDPPHGDWVLQGVRQGHUGHHOLVYDQHHQPHHU DOJHPHHQZHO]LMQVSURJUDPPDYRRUSOXLPYHH3HUNRSSHOZRUGHQVWDQGDDUGSRWHQ YDQNXLNHQV

(141)  JHVFRRUGDDQGHVODFKWOLMQ'HKHOIWYDQGHSRWHQZRUGWJHVFRRUGLQKHWHHUVWHGHHOYDQKHWNRSSHOGHDQGHUH KHOIWLQKHWWZHHGHGHHOYDQKHWNRSSHO'HVFRUHVZRUGHQXLWJHYRHUGQDKHWZDVVHQHQKHWDIVQLMGHQYDQGH SRWHQ9RRUGHYRHW]ROHQNHQWPHQGULHNODVVHQ JHHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ

(142)  PLOGHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ

(143)  HQ HUQVWLJHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ

(144) 9HUYROJHQVEHUHNHQWPHQYRRULHGHUNRSSHOHHQVFRUHYROJHQVGHIRUPXOH ^> 1NODVVH[

(145)  1NODVVH[

(146) @1WRWDDO`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~EURLOHUIRRWKHDOWKSURJUDPPHKHHIWJHOHLGWRWHHQYHUEHWHUGPDQDJHPHQWELMYOHHVNXLNHQVHQWRWHHQEHWHUH FRPPXQLFDWLHWXVVHQYRHUSURGXFHQWHQSOXLPYHHKRXGHU6LQGVGHLQYRHULQJYDQKHWSURJUDPPDLQLQ =ZHGHQLVKHWSHUFHQWDJHHUQVWLJHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQDIJHQRPHQYDQQDDU+HWSURJUDPPDKHHIWGXV JHOHLGWRWHHQGXLGHOLMNHYHUEHWHULQJYDQKHWZHO]LMQYDQYOHHVNXLNHQV'HNRVWHQYDQGHLQYRHULQJYDQKHW~EURLOHU IRRWKHDOWKSURJUDPPH]LMQODJHUGDQGHJHVFKDWWHNRVWHQYDQHHQYHUPLQGHUGHSURGXFWLH JURHL

(147) GLHRQWVWDDW GRRUKHWRSWUHGHQYDQHUQVWLJHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQHHQNRSSHO. .

(148) 5DSSRUW.  'HHQVHVLWXDWLH 2RNLQ'HQHPDUNHQLVKHWYHUSOLFKWRPYRRULHGHUNRSSHOYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQWHVFRUHQDDQGHVODFKWOLMQ2RN KLHUZRUGHQSRRWMHVYDQNXLNHQVJHVFRRUG SRRWMHVLQKHWHHUVWHGHUGHGHHOYDQHHQNRSSHOHQ SRRWMHVLQKHWODDWVWHGHUGHGHHOYDQHHQNRSSHO

(149) 'HJHJHYHQVZRUGHQWHUXJJHNRSSHOGULFKWLQJGH YOHHVNXLNHQKRXGHUHYHQWXHHOPHWPDQDJHPHQWDGYLHVZDQQHHUHUWHYHHOYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQHHQNRSSHO YRRUNRPHQ ,Q'HQHPDUNHQJHEUXLNWPHQGH]HOIGHVFRULQJVPHWKRGLHNYRRUGHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQDOVLQ=ZHGHQPDDUGH VFRUHVZRUGHQDQGHUVJHZRJHQ'HZHJLQJVIRUPXOHGLHLQ'HQHPDUNHQZRUGWJHEUXLNWLV^> 1NODVVH[

(150)  1 NODVVH[

(151) @1WRWDDO`[+HWYHUVFKLOPHW=ZHGHQLVGDWLQ'HQHPDUNHQPLOGHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQPHW NODVVHUHODWLHI]ZDDUGHUPHHZHJHQLQGHWRWDDOVFRUH%LMHHQVFRUHODJHUGDQSXQWHQKRHIWJHHQDFWLHWH ZRUGHQRQGHUQRPHQ%LMHHQVFRUHYDQïSXQWHQZRUGWHHQYHUEHWHUSODQYRRU]HVPDDQGHQRSJHVWHOG'LW JHEHXUWRRNELMHHQVFRUHYDQPHHUGDQSXQWHQPDDUGDDUZRUGWGHLQVSHFWLHGLHQVWRRNJHÁQIRUPHHUG :DQQHHU]HVPDDQGHQQDKHWYHUEHWHUSODQJHHQYHUEHWHULQJYDQGHVLWXDWLHELMHHQEHGULMILVRSJHWUHGHQNDQGH EH]HWWLQJVGLFKWKHLGZRUGHQWHUXJJHEUDFKWWRWNJP1HWDOVLQ=ZHGHQZRUGHQGLHUHQDUWVHQGLHGHSRRWMHV EHRRUGHOHQHHUVWJHWUDLQGHQYHUYROJHQVUHJHOPDWLJELMJHVFKRROG 2RNLQ'HQHPDUNHQKHHIWGHLQYRHULQJYDQKHWYHUSOLFKWPHWHQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQHHQSRVLWLHIHIIHFW JHKDGRSGHPDWHHQHUQVWYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ9RRUDOKHWQLYHDXYDQHUQVWLJHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ VFRUH

(152) LVGDDUVWHUNDIJHQRPHQWXVVHQHQEHJLQ YDQRQJHYHHUQDDURQJHYHHU

(153) 2RNLVHU HHQGXLGHOLMNHWRHQDPHWH]LHQYDQKHWDDQWDOGLHUHQPHWVFRUH JHHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ

(154)  YDQRQJHYHHU QDDURQJHYHHU

(155) .RSSHOVPHWHHQJRHGHWRWDDOVFRUH ZHLQLJYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ

(156) RQWYDQJHQHHQERQXV YDQGHVODFKWHULM'H~'DQLVK3RXOWU\&RXQFLOYHU]DPHOWDOOHVFRUHVLQHHQGDWDEDVH(HQPDDOSHUPDDQGZRUGHQ GHVFRUHVSHUYRHUOHYHUDQFLHURSLQWHUQHWJHSODDWVW'LWKHHIWHUWRHJHOHLGGDWYRHUIDEULNDQWHQYRHU]LMQJDDQ SURGXFHUHQGDWGURRJVWURRLVHOJHHIW(HQDQGHUJHYROJYDQGHLQYRHULQJYDQKHWPHWHQYDQ YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQ'HQHPDUNHQZDVGDWKHOHRXGHVWDOOHQLQPLGGHOVQLHWPHHULQJHEUXLN]LMQ2RNZRUGWHU YDQXLWGHYRHULQGXVWULHJHZHUNWPHWVSHFLDOH~YRHW]RRODGYLVHXUV ,QGH'HHQVHSUHVHQWDWLHZHUGHQRRNZDWNDQWWHNHQLQJHQJHSODDWVWQDDVWERYHQJHQRHPGHSRVLWLHYHHUYDULQJHQ PHWKHWYHUSOLFKWPHWHQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ(ULVHHQULVLFRGDWGHZDWHUJLIWWHVWHUNEHSHUNWZRUGWRP KHWVWURRLVHOGURRJWHKRXGHQZDDUGRRUHUHHQULVLFREHVWDDWGDWGHJURHLNDQDFKWHUEOLMYHQHQGDWHUPHHU KXLGEHVFKDGLJLQJHQ GLMNUDVVHQ

(157) YRRUNRPHQGRRUYHUGULQJLQJ .  2YHULJHGLVFXVVLHSXQWHQ 'ºRRU]DDNYDQKHWRQWVWDDQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLVQDWVWURRLVHOZDWZHHUZRUGWYHURRU]DDNWGRRUYHOH KXLVYHVWLQJïHQPDQDJHPHQWIDFWRUHQ8LWGHSUHVHQWDWLHVYDQ%HOJL½1HGHUODQGHQ=ZHGHQEOHHNGDWGHRRU]DNHQ YDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQPXOWLIDFWRULHHO]LMQ'HLQWHUQHHQH[WHUQHIDFWRUHQGLHHHQHIIHFWKHEEHQRSKHW RQWVWDDQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ]LMQLQKRRIGVWXNXLWJHEUHLGEHKDQGHOG   6FRULQJVPHWKRGLHNDDQGHKDQGYDQIRWRV 2QGHUOHLGLQJYDQ%LUWH1LHOVHQHQ/RWWD%HUJ]LMQLQKHWODERUDWRULXPYRHW]ROHQEHRRUGHHOG'HFODVVLILFDWLHYDQ GHEHRRUGHHOGHYRHW]ROHQYDULHHUGHYDQ JHHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ

(158) WRW HUQVWLJHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ

(159)  %LMGHEHRRUGHOLQJZRUGWDOOHHQGH]RROHQQLHWGHUHVWYDQGHYRHW WHQHQ

(160) PHHJHQRPHQ]RDOVVWDDW ZHHUJHJHYHQLQELMODJH ,QKRRIGVWXNVWDDWHHQEHVFKULMYLQJYDQGHPDFURVFRSLVFKHVFRULQJVPHWKRGLHN2QGHUVWDDQGHIRWRVJHYHQGH YDULDWLHELQQHQGHNODVVHQZHHU]RDOV]HJH]LHQ]LMQELMGHEHRRUGHOLQJWLMGHQVGHNHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJ. .

(161) 5DSSRUW. .  .ODVVH(HQOLWWHNHQYDQHHQJHQH]HQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJ OLQNV

(162) JHHQRI]HHUJHULQJHYHUNOHXULQJ UHFKWV

(163) . . .ODVVH9RRUEHHOGHQYDQJHHQRIJHULQJHYHUNOHXULQJHQYDQGHSDSLOOHQ . .  .ODVVH'H]HDDQGRHQLQJYDOWQRJQHWLQNODVVHHULVVSUDNHYDQHHQDDQWDVWLQJPDDUGH]HLVQRJJHULQJ. .

(164) 5DSSRUW. .  .ODVVH 0DWLJHDDQWDVWLQJYDQGHSDSLOOHQRSSHUYODNNLJHDDQWDVWLQJ'HPHHVWUHFKWVHLVHHQJUHQVJHYDO PDDUYDOWQRJQHWELQQHQNODVVH .  .ODVVH9RRUEHHOGHQYDQPDWLJHHQRSSHUYODNNLJHDDQWDVWLQJYDQSDSLOOHQ .  .ODVVH1RJHQNHOHYRRUEHHOGHQYDQPDWLJHHQRSSHUYODNNLJHDDQWDVWLQJYDQSDSLOOHQ. .

(165) 5DSSRUW. . .ODVVH*URWHHQGLHSHDDQWDVWLQJYDQGHKXLGYDDNPHWHHQNRUVWRSGHODHVLH . .  .ODVVH $DQWDVWLQJYDQGHKXLGWRWLQGHGLHSHUHODJHQ2QGDQNVKHWJHULQJHUHRSSHUYODNYDQDDQWDVWLQJYDOOHQ GH]HLQNODVVHYDQZHJHGHDDQWDVWLQJWRWGLHSLQGHKXLG . .ODVVH'LHSHDDQWDVWLQJYDQGHKXLGRYHUHHQJURRWRSSHUYODNHQWRWLQGHGLHSHUHODJHQ . . .

(166) 5DSSRUW.  6FRULQJVPHWKRGLHNRSKHWYOHHVNXLNHQEHGULMI +HWLVODVWLJHUGHYRHW]ROHQRSKHWYOHHVNXLNHQEHGULMILQGHYHUVFKLOOHQGHNODVVHQLQWHGHOHQGDQDDQGHVODFKWOLMQ RPGDWGHSRWHQGDQQLHWVFKRRQ]LMQ9RRURQGHU]RHNVGRHOHLQGHQLVKHWVRPVQRRG]DNHOLMNRPGHEHRRUGHOLQJELM OHYHQGHGLHUHQXLWWHYRHUHQ2QGHUVWDDQGHIRWRVJHYHQHHQEHHOGYDQGHYRHW]ROHQYDQYOHHVNXLNHQVLQHHQVWDO ZDDUUHFHQWHOLMNFORVWULGLXPZDVRSJHWUHGHQ'LWUHVXOWHHUGHLQQDWVWURRLVHOZDDUGRRUYRRUDO YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQNODVVHWH]LHQZDUHQ. .  (HQGXLGHOLMNYRRUEHHOGYDQNODVVHGH]HSRWHQZDUHQRRNVFKRRQ .  .ODVVHELMOHYHQGHGLHUHQRQGDQNVGDWGHSRWHQZDWYXLO]LMQLVWRFKWH]LHQGDWHUVSUDNHLVYDQJHULQJHHQ RSSHUYODNNLJHDDQWDVWLQJYDQGHSDSLOOHQ .  .ODVVHELMOHYHQGHGLHUHQ*URWHHQGLHSHDDQWDVWLQJYDQGHKXLGPHWNRUVWHQ. .

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~ZDUPWHKRXGHQHQHONDDU RSGHKRRJWHWHKRXGHQYDQRQWZLNNHOLQJHQELQQHQGHODQGHQ'LWJHOGW]RZHORSRQGHU]RHNVJHELHGDOVELMGH UHJXOLHUHPRQLWRULQJYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ9HUGHULVDIJHVSURNHQGDWKHW]LQYROOLMNWRPRYHUïMDDUZHHU HHQGHUJHOLMNHELMHHQNRPVWWHRUJDQLVHUHQZDQQHHUDOVJHYROJYDQGHLQYRHULQJYDQGH(:9PHHUEHNHQGLVRYHU GHVLWXDWLHLQ1HGHUODQGPHWEHWUHNNLQJWRWGHSUHYDOHQWLHYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQRSYOHHVNXLNHQEHGULMYHQHQ ZHOOLFKWRRNELMGHRQVRPULQJHQGHODQGHQ. .

(168) 5DSSRUW.  0DFURVFRSLVFKHVFRULQJVPHWKRGLHN (NVWUDQGHWDO 

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

(170)   *HHQDIZLMNLQJHQDOOHHQOLFKWHK\SHUNHUDWRVHJHHQYHUNOHXULQJRINORYHQ  /LFKWHDIZLMNLQJHQXLWVWXOSLQJHQSDSLOOHQHQYHUNOHXULQJYDQGHYRHW]RRO  (UQVWLJHDIZLMNLQJHQ]ZHUHQHQNORYHQ 'H]HFODVVLILFDWLHZRUGWQRJVWHHGVKHWPHHVWWRHJHSDVWLQGH6FDQGLQDYLVFKHODQGHQHQLVRSJHQRPHQDOV EHRRUGHOLQJVPHWKRGHLQGHFRQFHSWULFKWOLMQ(:9  ,Q1HGHUODQGHQ%HOJL½ZRUGWJHFODVVLILFHHUGLQYLHUNODVVHQ  *HHQDIZLMNLQJHQ  /LFKWHDIZLMNLQJHQOLFKWHK\SHUNHUDWRVHYHUNOHXULQJ  0DWLJHDIZLMNLQJHQPDWLJHK\SHUNHUDWRVHPDWLJHYHUNOHXULQJJHHQ]ZHUHQHQNORYHQ  (UQVWLJHDIZLMNLQJHQHUQVWLJHK\SHUNHUDWRVH]ZHUHQHQNORYHQ  'HNHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJPHWYHUWHJHQZRRUGLJHUVXLW=ZHGHQ'HQHPDUNHQ%HOJLH'XLWVODQGHQ1HGHUODQGKHHIW HUWRHJHOHLGGDWQDHHQWRHOLFKWLQJHQHHQGHPRQVWUDWLHYDQGHEHRRUGHOLQJGRRUGHVNXQGLJHQXLW=ZHGHQHQ 'HQHPDUNHQRRN1HGHUODQGHUYRRUNLHVWRPRYHUWHJDDQRSHHQïNODVVHQV\VWHHPYROJHQVELMODJH . .

(171) 5DSSRUW.  &RQFOXVLHV •  •.  •.  •. (UQVWLJHYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ]LMQSLMQOLMNYHUKRJHQKHWULVLFRRSLQIHFWLHVHQKHEEHQGXVHHQGXLGHOLMN QHJDWLHIHIIHFWRSKHWZHO]LMQYDQKHWYOHHVNXLNHQV 'HRRU]DNHQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQELMYOHHVNXLNHQV]LMQPXOWLIDFWRULHHOHQRQGHUWHYHUGHOHQLQLQWHUQHHQ H[WHUQHIDFWRUHQ2QGHUGHH[WHUQHIDFWRUHQYDOOHQIDFWRUHQGLHXLWHLQGHOLMNDOOHPDDOHHQHIIHFWKHEEHQRSGH VWURRLVHONZDOLWHLW]RDOVZLM]HYDQZDWHUYHUVWUHNNLQJYRHUVDPHQVWHOOLQJVWURRLVHOW\SHHQVWURRLVHOGLNWHWRS GUHVVLQJ ELMVWURRLHQ

(172) NOLPDDWVHL]RHQOLFKWGLHUEH]HWWLQJHQPHVWYHUGHOLQJ,QWHUQHIDFWRUHQGLHHHQHIIHFW KHEEHQRSYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ]LMQVHNVHNXLNHQPHUNOHHIWLMGGUXNHQOLFKDDPVJHZLFKWHQGHJH]RQGKHLG YDQKHWNXLNHQ+HWLVGXLGHOLMNGDWGLWJHKHHOYDQLQYORHGVIDFWRUHQEHNHNHQGLHQWWHZRUGHQRPGHLQFLGHQWLH YDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQGHYOHHVNXLNHQVWDORPODDJWHEUHQJHQ ,QGHWRHNRPVWLJH(XURSHVH:HO]LMQVULFKWOLMQ9OHHVNXLNHQV]DOJHEUXLNZRUGHQJHPDDNWYDQKHWï NODVVHQV\VWHHPRPYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQWHGHOHQ JHHQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQ

(173)  OLFKWH DDQGRHQLQJHQ

(174) HQ HUQVWLJHDDQGRHQLQJHQ

(175) 'H]HVFRULQJVPHWKRGLHNLVRQWZLNNHOGLQ=ZHGHQHQZRUGW PRPHQWHHOWRHJHSDVWLQ=ZHGHQHQ'HQHPDUNHQ ,Q=ZHGHQHQ'HQHPDUNHQKHHIWKHWYHUSOLFKWPRQLWRUHQYDQYRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQDDQGHVODFKWOLMQLQ FRPELQDWLHPHWWHUXJNRSSHOLQJULFKWLQJGHYOHHVNXLNHQKRXGHUPDQDJHPHQWDGYLHVHQ~VWUDIPDDWUHJHOHQ ZDQQHHUGHLQFLGHQWLHLQHHQNRSSHOWHKRRJLVJHOHLGWRWHHQVWHUNHDIQDPHYDQHUQVWLJH YRHW]RRODDQGRHQLQJHQLQNRSSHOVYOHHVNXLNHQVHQGXVWRWHHQYHUEHWHULQJYDQKHWZHO]LMQYDQKHWYOHHVNXLNHQ RSKHWEHGULMI. .

(176) 5DSSRUW. %LMODJHQ %LMODJH &ODVVLILFHULQJHQELMEHKRUHQGHLQVWUXFWLHIRWRV]RDOVJHEUXLNWLQ=ZHGHQ Ï&%HUJ

(177) . . .

(178) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(179) 5DSSRUW. %LMODJH 'HHOQHPHUVOLMVWNHQQLVXLWZLVVHOLQJ 1DDP ,QJULGGH-RQJ 7HXQ9HOGNDPS -DQYDQ+DUQ 0DULHQ*HUULW]HQ +HQQ\5HLPHUW 0DUL½OOH%UXLMQLV -DQ-DDS+DPPLQJ .RRVYDQ0LGGHONRRS 7RQ:DDOV (OO\GH.RUW 6MDDN.RRPHQ &RU3LHWHUVH 3DXO%RXUV .ULVGH%DHUH -RKDQ=RRQV 0DLND&R[ (OOHQ9HUYDHW 6WHSKDQLH%XLMV (OVYDQ3RXFNH 'LHWHU2OWPDQQ -HWWH6RHKROP3HWHUVHQ %LUWH/LQGVWUqP1LHOVHQ /RWWD%HUJ. . 2UJDQLVDWLH $6* $6* $6* $6* $6* 39( &RPPLVVLH2 233( &RPPLVVLH2 233( )ODQGUH[1HGHUODQG 9OHHVNXLNHQKRXGHU323NODQNERUGJURHSYOHHVNXLNHQV33( 0H\Q 0H\Q 0LQLVWHULH/19 3URHIEHGULMIYRRUGH9HHKRXGHULM 3URHIEHGULMIYRRUGH9HHKRXGHULM 3URHIEHGULMIYRRUGH9HHKRXGHULM 3URHIEHGULMIYRRUGH9HHKRXGHULM ,QVWLWXWHIRU$JULFXOWXUDODQG)LVKHULHV5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWHIRU$JULFXOWXUDODQG)LVKHULHV5HVHDUFK 1*:ï1LHGHUV¶FKVLVFKH*HIOËJHOZLUWVFKDIW 'DQLVK$JULFXOWXUDO$GYLVRU\6HUYLFH $DUKXV8QLYHUVLW\ 6ZHGLVK$QLPDO:HOIDUH$JHQF\. . /DQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG 1HGHUODQG %HOJL½ %HOJL½ %HOJL½ %HOJL½ %HOJL½ %HOJL½ 'XLWVODQG 'HQHPDUNHQ 'HQHPDUNHQ =ZHGHQ.

(180) 5DSSRUW. %LMODJH (8FRXQFLOGLUHFWLYHDQGDHWLRORJ\DQGFDXVDWLYHIDFWRUVRIIRRWSDGGHUPDWLWLVLQEURLOHUV E\'U7HXQ9HOGNDPS$QLPDO6FLHQFHV*URXSRI:DJHQLQJHQ851HWKHUODQGV. . . .

(181) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(182) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(183) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(184) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(185) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(186) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(187) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(188) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(189) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(190) 5DSSRUW. %LMODJH 0RQLWRULQJ EURLOHU ZHOIDUH SDUDPHWHUV DW VODXJKWHU XVLQJ YLGHR LPDJLQJ E\ 'U ,QJULG GH -RQJ $QLPDO 6FLHQFHV *URXS RI :DJHQLQJHQ 85 1HWKHUODQGV DQG 6MDDN .RRPHQ 0H\Q 1HWKHUODQGV. .

(191) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(192) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(193) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(194) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(195) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(196) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(197) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(198) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(199) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(200) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(201) 5DSSRUW. %LMODJH 5HVHDUFKRQOHJSUREOHPVLQ*HHO%HOJLXPE\'U-RKDQ=RRQV3URHIEHGULMIYRRUGH 9HHKRXGHULM%HOJLXP. .

(202) 5DSSRUW.  . . .

(203) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(204) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(205) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(206) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(207) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(208) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(209) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(210) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(211) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(212) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(213) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(214) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(215) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(216) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(217) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(218) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(219) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(220) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(221) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(222) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(223) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(224) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(225) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(226) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(227) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(228) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(229) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(230) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(231) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(232) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(233) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(234) 5DSSRUW. . .

(235) 5DSSRUW. %LMODJH 6ZHGLVKH[SHULHQFHVUHODWHGWRIRRWðSDGKHDOWKFODVVLILFDWLRQDWVODXJKWHUSODQWVDQGWR WKHHIIHFWVRILQWHUYHQWLRQE\'U/RWWD%HUJ6ZHGLVK$QLPDO:HOIDUH$JHQF\6ZHGHQ   . .

(236) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(237) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(238) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(239) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(240) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(241) 5DSSRUW. %LMODJH &DOLEUDWLRQ RI IRRW SDG DVVHVVRUV E\ 'U %LUWH /LQGVWUqP 1LHOVHQ )DFXOW\ RI $JULFXOWXUDO 6FLHQFHV$DUKXV8QLYHUVLW\'HQPDUN. . . .

(242) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(243) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(244) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(245) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(246) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(247) 5DSSRUW. . . .

(248) 5DSSRUW. . . .

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

Belangrijker is naar onze overtuiging dat een duidelijk analysekader voor be- studering van diverse problemen van overregulering ontbreekt. Doordat regeldruk een puzzel met

In addition, the relationship between Knowledge Complexity and Network Centrality reported in table 5.1 takes our assumptions a step further in the sense that it can be interpreted

Regarding this study, personnel exchange will be investigated in terms of personnel employed in supplying companies that is physically traveling to the buyers’ facilities

Dumping and antidumping regulations with specific reference to the legal framework in South Africa

Given that the nature of South African education has changed dramatically over the past decade, the above questions attempt to explore some of the complexities of the

Stable isotopic analysis of the diet of impala (Aepyceros melampus) and waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) populations in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi..

As little is known about the ideal soil pH levels for the cultivation of rooibos, the aim of Chapter 5 was to perform a lime incubation study and a two-month pot trial to observe