University of Groningen
H_0 from Lensed Quasars
Wong, Kenneth C.; Suyu, Sherry H.; Chen, Geoff C. -F.; Rusu, Cristian E.; Millon, Martin;
Sluse, Dominique; Bonvin, Vivien; Fassnacht, Christopher D.; Taubenberger, Stefan; Auger,
Matthew W.
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.4062127
IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from
it. Please check the document version below.
Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Publication date:
2020
Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database
Citation for published version (APA):
Wong, K. C., Suyu, S. H., Chen, G. C. -F., Rusu, C. E., Millon, M., Sluse, D., Bonvin, V., Fassnacht, C. D.,
Taubenberger, S., Auger, M. W., Birrer, S., Chan, J. H. H., Courbin, F., Hilbert, S., Tihhonova, O., Treu, T.,
Agnello, A., Ding, X., Jee, I., ... Meylan, G. (2020). H_0 from Lensed Quasars. Paper presented at H0
"Assessing Uncertainties in Hubble’s Constant Across the Universe, .
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4062127
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Kenneth Wong
(Kavli IPMU)
on behalf of the H0LiCOW/TDCOSMO collaboration
H0 2020
June 24, 2020
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
Recent Tension in H
0
Measurements
•
Planck finds H
0
= 67.4±0.5 km/s/Mpc
in flat ΛCDM
•
Independent type Ia SNe results
calibrated by the distance ladder find
H
0
= 74.0±1.4 km/s/Mpc (SH0ES;
Riess+2019)
•
4.4σ discrepancy
-
systematic errors?
-
new physics?
•
Need more independent
measurements of H
0
2
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
Gravitational Lensing
•
Background object (source) magnified by
foreground object (lens)
•
Multiple images → create lens model
•
Lensing effect depends on:
-
mass distribution of lens
-
line of sight structure
-
cosmology
3
Image credit: ASIAA EPO
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
Time-Delay Cosmography
•
There is a “time delay” between the multiple variable lensed images
-
due to different path length, gravitational potential at different images
•
Can determine “time-delay distance” D
Δt
, inversely proportional to H
0
•
One-step method to infer H
0
, independent of CMB and distance ladder
4
Time delay
Fermat potential
(from lens model)
Time-delay distance
/
1
D
t
H
0
t
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<latexit sha1_base64="Bg9XvvBhRBVGQpU9OdSewpjm7QQ=">AAAB6HicdZDLSsNAFIYn9VbrrerSzWARXIUktbZdiAU3rqQFe4E2lMl00o6dTMLMRCihT+DGhSJufSRd+TZOUgUV/WHg4//PYc45XsSoVJb1buSWlldW1/LrhY3Nre2d4u5eR4axwKSNQxaKnockYZSTtqKKkV4kCAo8Rrre9CLNu7dESBryazWLiBugMac+xUhpq3U2LJYss35iO6cO1FC1y46dQqVSr9nQNq1MpfO3cqbmsPg6GIU4DghXmCEp+7YVKTdBQlHMyLwwiCWJEJ6iMelr5Cgg0k2yQefwSDsj6IdCP65g5n7vSFAg5SzwdGWA1ET+zlLzr6wfK7/mJpRHsSIcLz7yYwZVCNOt4YgKghWbaUBYUD0rxBMkEFb6NgV9hK9N4f/QcUy7bDotq9S4AgvlwQE4BMfABlXQAJegCdoAAwLuwAN4NG6Me+PJeF6U5ozPnn3wQ8bLBxhCj2U=</latexit>⇥
<latexit sha1_base64="UeA6PY1u4peP2+eck+IMa0yDoog=">AAAB7XicdVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqrhyYbAIgjBMpta2u4IbV1LBqYV2KJk008ZmHiQZoQz9BzcuFHHr/7hz4y/4C2ZaBRU9cOFwzr3ce48XcyaVZb0aubn5hcWl/HJhZXVtfaO4udWSUSIIdUjEI9H2sKSchdRRTHHajgXFgcfplTc6zfyrGyoki8JLNY6pG+BByHxGsNJSq6tYQGWvWLLM+jGyT2yoSRWVbZSRSqVeQxCZ1hSlxk75yHnfe2v2ii/dfkSSgIaKcCxlB1mxclMsFCOcTgrdRNIYkxEe0I6mIdZL3HR67QQeaKUP/UjoChWcqt8nUhxIOQ483RlgNZS/vUz8y+skyq+5KQvjRNGQzBb5CYcqgtnrsM8EJYqPNcFEMH0rJEMsMFE6oIIO4etT+D9p2SYqm/aFTuMczJAHu2AfHAIEqqABzkATOICAa3AL7sGDERl3xqPxNGvNGZ8z2+AHjOcPKVySiA==</latexit>D
t
c
<latexit sha1_base64="DGCGdv7OIX/EDMH7QvSFnlzUsQk=">AAAB/3icdZA7SwNBFIVnfcb4WhVsbAaDYBV2o6ABi4AprCSCeUCyhNnJbDJk9sHMXSGsW+Sv2FhExFZ/hp0/xc5JohhFDwwczrmXuXxuJLgCy3oz5uYXFpeWMyvZ1bX1jU1za7umwlhSVqWhCGXDJYoJHrAqcBCsEUlGfFewuts/H/f1GyYVD4NrGETM8Uk34B6nBHTUNndbniQ0KbeTVpkJIBjSNKFp28zZeWsibH0bu1AsWsf4q8qVyi/Ds9HwvdI2X1udkMY+C4AKolTTtiJwEiKBU8HSbCtWLCK0T7qsqW1AfKacZHJ/ig900sFeKPULAE/S2Y2E+EoNfFdP+gR66nc3Dv/qmjF4p07CgygGFtDpR14sMIR4DAN3uGQUxEAbQiXXt2LaIxoIaGTZWQj/m1ohbx/lC1eaxiWaKoP20D46RDY6QSV0gSqoiii6RXdohB6MoXFvPBpP09E543NnB/2Q8fwBAbmajQ==</latexit>D
t
<latexit sha1_base64="6WZNgOl4E6NcnB+x6sDMrZ9iFTE=">AAAB/XicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62v+Ni5CS2Cq5BUsbqruHElFewDmhAm00k7dDIJMxOhhuAX+AHu3LhQxK3/4U78CH/BSduFVg8MHM65l3vm+DElQlrWh1aYm19YXCoul1ZW19Y39M2tlogSjnATRTTiHR8KTAnDTUkkxZ2YYxj6FLf94Vnut68xFyRiV3IUYzeEfUYCgqBUkqfvOI0B8VInhHLAw5RiJrLM0yuWaY1hWObJ0aFdy8lUsaekUi/f332dDj8bnv7u9CKUhJhJRKEQXduKpZtCLgmiOCs5icAxREPYx11FGQyxcNNx+szYU0rPCCKuHpPGWP25kcJQiFHoq8k8pZj1cvE/r5vI4NhNCYsTiRmaHAoSasjIyKsweoRjJOlIEYg4UVkNNIAcIqkKK6kS7Nkv/yWtqmkfmNVL1cYFmKAIdkEZ7AMb1EAdnIMGaAIEbsADeALP2q32qL1or5PRgjbd2Qa/oL19A/H3mfs=</latexit>lens
t(✓, ) =
1
c
D
d
D
s
D
ds
(1 + z
d
)
(✓
)
2
2
(✓)
<latexit sha1_base64="yzOiR69BNJK388Wvqig6NKXJVtU=">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</latexit>D
/
1
H
0
<latexit sha1_base64="Wc4DAk55uNFz5koZQJhqLai1b4k=">AAACAnicdVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdSVuBovQVUhq0XZX0EWXFewDmhAm00k7dJIMMxOhhODGX3HjQhG3foU7/8bpg6KiBwYO59zLnXMCzqhUtv1prKyurW9sFraK2zu7e/vmwWFHJqnApI0TlohegCRhNCZtRRUjPS4IigJGusH4aup374iQNIlv1YQTL0LDmIYUI6Ul3zy+hi4XCVcJdEOBcObkWdPP7Dz3zZJt1ev1Wu0COpY9A5wrVXuplMACLd/8cAcJTiMSK8yQlH3H5srLkFAUM5IX3VQSjvAYDUlf0xhFRHrZLEIOz7QygGEi9IsVnKnfNzIUSTmJAj0ZITWSv72p+JfXT1VY8zIa81SRGM8PhSmDOvC0DziggmDFJpogLKj+K8QjpJtQurWiLmGZ/X/SqVjOuVW5qZYa5UUdBXACTkEZOOASNEATtEAbYHAPHsEzeDEejCfj1Xibj64Yi50j8APG+xdRPJdU</latexit>Angular diameter distances
Treu (2010)
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
5
•
Lensed quasars
-
variable on short timescales (~days)
-
bright and easy to detect
•
Measure time delay by monitoring lensed
quasars over time
-
identical features in light curve
correspond to same source event, but
shifted in time
Animation credit: C. Fassnacht, S. Suyu
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
•
To constrain D
Δt
, need:
-
Measured time delay (Δt)
-
Accurate lens model (to determine
𝚽
lens
)
-
Estimate of mass along line of sight (Ƙ
ext
; can bias D
Δt
)
-
Lens galaxy velocity dispersion (complementary constraints on lens
model and cosmological parameters; e.g., Jee+2015, 2016)
Cosmology with Lensed Quasars
6
Time delay
Fermat potential
(from lens model)
Time-delay distance
/
1
D
t
H
0
t
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<latexit sha1_base64="Bg9XvvBhRBVGQpU9OdSewpjm7QQ=">AAAB6HicdZDLSsNAFIYn9VbrrerSzWARXIUktbZdiAU3rqQFe4E2lMl00o6dTMLMRCihT+DGhSJufSRd+TZOUgUV/WHg4//PYc45XsSoVJb1buSWlldW1/LrhY3Nre2d4u5eR4axwKSNQxaKnockYZSTtqKKkV4kCAo8Rrre9CLNu7dESBryazWLiBugMac+xUhpq3U2LJYss35iO6cO1FC1y46dQqVSr9nQNq1MpfO3cqbmsPg6GIU4DghXmCEp+7YVKTdBQlHMyLwwiCWJEJ6iMelr5Cgg0k2yQefwSDsj6IdCP65g5n7vSFAg5SzwdGWA1ET+zlLzr6wfK7/mJpRHsSIcLz7yYwZVCNOt4YgKghWbaUBYUD0rxBMkEFb6NgV9hK9N4f/QcUy7bDotq9S4AgvlwQE4BMfABlXQAJegCdoAAwLuwAN4NG6Me+PJeF6U5ozPnn3wQ8bLBxhCj2U=</latexit>⇥
<latexit sha1_base64="UeA6PY1u4peP2+eck+IMa0yDoog=">AAAB7XicdVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqrhyYbAIgjBMpta2u4IbV1LBqYV2KJk008ZmHiQZoQz9BzcuFHHr/7hz4y/4C2ZaBRU9cOFwzr3ce48XcyaVZb0aubn5hcWl/HJhZXVtfaO4udWSUSIIdUjEI9H2sKSchdRRTHHajgXFgcfplTc6zfyrGyoki8JLNY6pG+BByHxGsNJSq6tYQGWvWLLM+jGyT2yoSRWVbZSRSqVeQxCZ1hSlxk75yHnfe2v2ii/dfkSSgIaKcCxlB1mxclMsFCOcTgrdRNIYkxEe0I6mIdZL3HR67QQeaKUP/UjoChWcqt8nUhxIOQ483RlgNZS/vUz8y+skyq+5KQvjRNGQzBb5CYcqgtnrsM8EJYqPNcFEMH0rJEMsMFE6oIIO4etT+D9p2SYqm/aFTuMczJAHu2AfHAIEqqABzkATOICAa3AL7sGDERl3xqPxNGvNGZ8z2+AHjOcPKVySiA==</latexit>D
t
c
<latexit sha1_base64="DGCGdv7OIX/EDMH7QvSFnlzUsQk=">AAAB/3icdZA7SwNBFIVnfcb4WhVsbAaDYBV2o6ABi4AprCSCeUCyhNnJbDJk9sHMXSGsW+Sv2FhExFZ/hp0/xc5JohhFDwwczrmXuXxuJLgCy3oz5uYXFpeWMyvZ1bX1jU1za7umwlhSVqWhCGXDJYoJHrAqcBCsEUlGfFewuts/H/f1GyYVD4NrGETM8Uk34B6nBHTUNndbniQ0KbeTVpkJIBjSNKFp28zZeWsibH0bu1AsWsf4q8qVyi/Ds9HwvdI2X1udkMY+C4AKolTTtiJwEiKBU8HSbCtWLCK0T7qsqW1AfKacZHJ/ig900sFeKPULAE/S2Y2E+EoNfFdP+gR66nc3Dv/qmjF4p07CgygGFtDpR14sMIR4DAN3uGQUxEAbQiXXt2LaIxoIaGTZWQj/m1ohbx/lC1eaxiWaKoP20D46RDY6QSV0gSqoiii6RXdohB6MoXFvPBpP09E543NnB/2Q8fwBAbmajQ==</latexit>lens
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
Improvements in Time-Delay Cosmography
•
Theory behind time-delay cosmography is old (Refsdal 1964)
-
predates first observed gravitational lens (Walsh+1979)
•
Past attempts to use lensed quasars to determine H
0
were problematic
-
poorly-sampled light curves
-
not enough lens model constraints
-
simplistic / invalid assumptions about lens mass profile
-
ignored effects of mass along the line of sight
•
Data and analysis methods have greatly improved since early days,
time-delay cosmography now a competitive cosmological probe
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
H
0
L
enses
i
n
CO
SMOGRAIL’s
W
ellspring (
H0LiCOW
)
•
Detailed analysis of several time-delay lenses (Suyu+2017)
-
long term monitoring from COSMOGRAIL (Courbin+2005), VLA (Fassnacht+2002)
for accurate time delays
-
high-resolution imaging for detailed lens modeling
-
wide-field imaging/spectroscopy to characterize mass along LOS
-
spectroscopy to measure lens velocity dispersion
•
Six lenses in latest milestone paper (Wong+2020)
-
7th lens has been analyzed (Shajib+2020)
8
Wong+2017
Chen+2019
Suyu+2010
Jee+2019
Suyu+2013,2014
Chen+2019
Birrer+2019
Rusu+2020
Chen+2019
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
Time Delay Measurements
•
COSMOGRAIL: long-term monitoring of time-delay
lenses using small (1-m and 2-m) telescopes
(Courbin+2011; Bonvin+2017)
•
Well-tested algorithms for time-delay measurements
(Tewes+2013)
•
Long time baselines needed to minimize effects of
microlensing (but working on high-cadence monitoring)
9
A
B
C
Bonvin+2019
Vanderriest+1989
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
Lens Modeling
•
Accurate lens model using deep HST and AO imaging
•
High resolution needed to model quasar host galaxy
•
Adaptive PSF correction using quasar images (e.g. Chen+2016)
•
Incorporate velocity dispersion of lens galaxy to reduce model
degeneracies
10
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
Rusu+2017
Mass Along the Line of Sight
•
Lenses lie in overdense LOS due to local lens environment
(e.g., Fassnacht+2011; Wong+2018)
•
Some strong perturbers need to be included explicitly in lens
model
(e.g., Wilson+2016; McCully+2017; Sluse+2017)
•
Estimate effect of weaker perturbers using weighted galaxy
number counts calibrated by simulations (e.g., Greene+2013;
Rusu+2017,2020)
•
Independent weak lensing analysis agrees with weighted
number counts method (Tihhonova+2018,2020)
11
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
Blind Analysis
•
H
0
and related quantities blinded throughout analysis
-
avoid confirmation bias
-
discover unknown systematics
•
Blindness can be implemented by subtracting median of posterior PDF during analysis
•
Unblind only after analysis completed, agreement by all coauthors
•
Unblinded results published without any further modification
12
Kenneth Wong (IPMU)
H
0
from lensed quasars
H
0
2020
6/24/2020
Wong+2020
H
0
= 73.3 km/s/Mpc for flat ΛCDM cosmology
2.4% precision measurement of H
0
from six H0LiCOW lenses
+1.7
1.8
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