Jacques L. Zakin
2.6 SUMMARY AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
Turbulent drag reduction in homogeneous flows by polymer or surfactant additives is a striking phenomenon with both theoretical and practical implications. On the theoretical side, it remains a challenge to fully understand the drag reduction mech-anism and the interaction details between DRAs and the turbulent flow field. New methods, especially computational ones, have been developed to solve this problem, such as direct numerical simulations and stochastic simulations. On the application
116 POLYMER AND SURFACTANT DRAG REDUCTION IN TURBULENT FLOWS
side, polymer DRAs have been used routinely in crude oil and hydrocarbon product transport and oil production and operations. Surfactant DRAs have also been used successfully in small-scale DHC systems. Methods for improving polymer DRAs’
shear stability, such as by grafting or mixing different polymer species, are being developed. Also, novel surfactant DRAs are being synthesized and tested to satisfy the needs of targeted application areas.
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