Each village could set up a social fund to assist those households most severely affected.
Strengthen the home based care volunteers
Office of the councilor of the constituency in collaboration with home base care to involve affected households in income generating activities for income and food.
Provide food aid as a short-term intervention for affected households.
35 8. References
ADB, 2006. Addressing African Middle Income Challenges-Current ADB Strategy and Further Reflections for Improvement.
Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001. Namibia Population and Housing Census. National Planning Commission. Windhoek Namibia
Central Bureau of Statistics, 2008. Namibia Population and Housing Census. National Planning Commission. Windhoek Namibia
Children on the Brink, 2000. www.unicef_childrenonthebrink2000/enpdf. (Accessed 21 August 2011)
Conway, G.R and Camber, R, 1992. Sustainable rural livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century. IDS Discussion paper, No 296. Brighton: institute of development studies.
De la Torre, C., et al, 2008. HIV/AIDS in Namibia: Behavioural and Contextual Factors Driving the Epidemic, Measure Evaluation, Macro International. INC.
Department for International Development, 1999. Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Street:
Introduction: htt://www.livelihoods.org/info/info-guidancesheets.html#1
Du Preez, C, 2010. Living and care arrangements of non-urban households in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa in the context of HIV and AIDS. PhD Thesis. Wageningen University.
Edwards-Jauch, L, 2010. AIDS and Family Structures. Department of Sociology, University of Namibia.
Ellis, F, 2000. Rural livelihood and diversity in developing countries. Oxford University Press.
Harvey, P, 2003. HIV/AIDS: What are the Implications for Humanitarian Action? A Literature Review, London: ODI
Kristofferson, U. 2003. Security and Humanitarian Response (SHR). Interaction between the agricultural sector and the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: Implications for agricultural policy. ESA working paper, 4 (6) 1-39.
Leones, J.P and Feldman, S, 1998. Nonfarm Activity and Rural Households Income: Evidence from Philippine Microdata, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 46, No. 4, 789-806
Loevinsohn, M. and Gillespie, S, 2003. HIV/AIDS, Food Security and Rural Livelihoods:
Understanding and Responding, Renewal Working Paper 2, Washington: IFPRI Ministry of Labour, 2009. Republic of Namibia. Windhoek. Namibia.
MOHSS, 2004. Report of the 2008 National HIV sentinel survey. HIV prevalence in pregnant women, biannual surveys 1992-2008, Namibia. Directorate of special Programmes. Windhoek.
Namibia
36
MOHSS, 2008. Report of the 2008 National HIV sentinel survey. HIV prevalence in pregnant women, biannual surveys 1992-2008, Namibia. Directorate of special Programmes. Windhoek.
Namibia
MOHSS, 2010. Report of the 2008 National HIV sentinel survey. HIV prevalence in pregnant women, biannual surveys 1992-2008, Namibia. Directorate of special Programmes. Windhoek.
Namibia
National Planning Commission, 2001. Republic of Namibia. Windhoek. Namibia National Planning Commission, 2008. Republic of Namibia. Windhoek. Namibia Niehof, A, 2010. Presentation notes, Wageningen University
Nombo, C.I. 2007. When AIDS meets poverty, Implications for social capital n a village in Tanzania. PhD thesis. Wageningen University.
O’Donnell, M. 2004. Food Security, Livelihoods and HIV/AIDS. A Guide to the Linkages.
Measurement and Programming implications. London: Save the Children UK.
SADC, 2008,
Saith, A. 1992. The Rural Non-Farm Economy: Processes and Policies. Geneva: ILO, World Employment Progamme.
Scoones, I, 1998. Sustainable Rural livelihoods: A framework for Analysis, IDS Working Paper, N.72.
Shannon-Stokes, C, 2003. Measuring Impacts of HIV/AIDS on Rural Livelihoods and Food Security, Rome: FAO
Sporton, D. 2007. Population Ageing and Sustainable Livelihoods in regions affected by HIV/AIDS: Full Research report ESRC End of Award report, RES-000-22-1427. Swindon: ESRC Topouzis, D. 2003. The impact of HIV/AIDS on Rural Food Security, SCN News, No. 17, December 1998, p. 20.
UNAIDS, 2010. Report on the global AIDS epidemic, Geneva. UNAIDS.
UNAIDS, 2009. Report on the global AIDS Epidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS UNDP, 2001. United Nation Development Programme Report of Namibia.
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37
Wieger, E, 2004. HIV/AIDS, Gender Inequality and the Agricultural Sector: Guidelines for Incorporating HIV/AIDS and Gender Considerations into Agricultural Programming in High Incidence Countries. Ottawa: ICAD.
World Bank, Shifting Confronting AIDS.OP. CIT
38 9. Annexes
9.1 Survey Questionnaire
Household characteristic
Household No.: ………Gender household head………..
Type of Dwelling:……… Gender of the respondent………..
Family structure: ……… Household size………
1. Has the number of household member increased/decreased (yes/No)
Increased
3. Have you loss a supportive family member/s?
39 Yes
No
4. What kind of supports did s/he/ they contributed to the household? (specify)
………
………
………
………..
5. Do any of the family members suffer from long illness?
Yes No
If, yes what effect does it have on the household livelihood?
………
6. Livelihood activities Yes=1 No=2
40
7. Has there been any change in your livelihood strategies due to illness or death of
household member?
Specify………..
8. Estimate your monthly budget you spend on
Food Clothes Other Specify
Hospital Fees School Fees,
9. Was there a change in the household’s sources of income as a result of the illness or death?...
...
...
10. Which expenses are affected?...
11. Have you sold productive assets (such as livestock, land) to pay for expenses and which expenses?
………
………
………
12. Which assets are likely to be sold first if household needs
money?...
13. Which expenses in your household budget are abandon when your household cannot
meet all the needs?
……….
14. What are the biggest expenses that your household has to meet?
………
………..
15. If you cannot pay for these expenses what is your alternative as
household?...
41
...
...
Social capitals
16. What kind of support do you receive within your community?
17. Who do you turn to for support when you are difficult times such as death or illness?
18. Do you care for children in these households whose parent/s has passed away and how do you sustain this children?
19. Do you receive food aid and who supplier you with food aid?
20. How often the household get food aid?
21. Have any of your household members migrated to other areas in the last twelve months and why?
22. How often did household’s members migrate in the last twelve months and which sex is likely to migrate and why?
23. Do you require more labour now or less for cultivation of the crops in the household and why?
24. What factors contributing to change in livelihood strategies Physical/Natural capitals
25. What type of livestock your household own?
Goats Chicken Pigs Cattle Donkeys Sheep 26. How often do you sell livestock?
Never Monthly A few times a year Only when need cash Other (specify) 27. Why do you sell livestock?
42 28. What type of crops does your household grow?
29. In the last two years is your cultivation size still the same, if not why has the size change?
30. What effect does illness and death has on the cultivation of land?
31. How do you plough your fields?
32. In the last two years have you hire labour for cultivation and why?
33. What other assets does your households own?
34. Do you practice the same livelihood activities and have any of the activities changed in the last five years and why?
35. What most affects your livelihood activities in the last two years and how often?
36. Which activities did they affect and how did you overcome this?
9.2 Key informants questionnaire 1. Name
2. Organization
3. The nature of work they do, roles and responsibilities
4. What support does your organization provided to the AIDS affected households?
5. What are the impacts of AIDS at households level and how does you organization response to the situation to mitigate the impact?
6. Which household in terms of gender is most impacted by AIDS? Why?
7. Which other organization you work hand in hand to response to HIV/AIDS?
43
8. What are the challenges brought by HIV/AIDS at the households?
9. What are the challenges faced in working with AIDS affected households?
9.3 Pictures of respondents
44
45