welke manieren deze worden toegepast. Echter, opvallende uitkomsten van huidig onderzoek zijn met name de relatie tussen sensemaking strategieën, morele grondslagen en emoties. Ervaren emoties en persoonlijke normen en waarden zouden daarom meer belicht moeten worden binnen de training en opleiding van militairen. Om militairen te ondersteunen in het nemen van beslissingen bij ethische dilemma’s is het ethisch bewustwordingsmodel (EBM) opgesteld. In het EBM is echter nog geen plek voor morele emoties of morele grondslagen. Op basis van de resultaten van huidig onderzoek wordt, naast vervolgonderzoek, aanbevolen om morele emoties en morele grondslagen op te nemen in dilemma trainingen voor militairen ter voorbereiding van uitzending. Referentielijst Antes, A. L., Thiel, C. E., Martin, L. E., Mumford, M. D., Devenport, L. D., & Connelly, S. (2011). The influence of temporal orientation and affective frame on use of ethical decision making strategies Ethics & Behavior,12, 127-146. doi: 10.1080/10508422.2011.551470 Armitage, C.J., & Conner, M. (2001) Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology,40, 471-499. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organisational behavior and human decision processes, 50, 179-211. Baran, B. E., & Scott, C. W. (2010). Organizing ambiguity: A grounded theory of leadership and sensemaking within dangerous contexts. Military Psychology, 22 (Suppl 1), S42-S69. doi: 10.1080/08995601003644262 Barnett, T. (2001). Dimensions of moral intensity and ethical decision making: An empirical study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 1038-1057. doi: 10.1111/j.1559 1816.2001.tb02661.x Born, H., Moekler, R., & Soeters, J. (1999). Krijgsmacht en samenleving. Klassieke en eigentijdse inzichten (pp. 208-214). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press Caughron, J. J., Antes, A. L., Stenmark, C. K., Thiel, C. E., Wang, X., & Mumford, M. D. (2011). Sensemaking strategies for ethical decision making. Ethics & Behavior, 21, 351-366. doi: 10.1080/10508422.2011.604293 Caughron, J. J., Antes, A. L., Stenmark, C. K., Thiel, C. E., Wang, X., & Mumford, M. D. (2013). Competition and sensemaking in ethical situations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43, 1491-1507. doi: 10.1111/jasp.12141 Charness, Gary. (2000). Responsibility and effort in an experimental labor market. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 42, 375-384. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167 2681(00)00096-2 Charness, Gary, & Jackson, Matthew O. (2009). The role of responsibility in strategic risk-taking. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 69, 241-247. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2008.10.006 Dalenberg, S., en A.L.W. Vogelaar – Leiderschapsvisie: theorie en praktijk. Een beschouwing van de visies op leiderschap binnen Defensie. – In: Militaire Spectator (2012) 181 (5), p. 221-230 De Graaff, M.C., Kramer, EH., (2012). Leiderschap, uitzending en ‘intelligent failure’. De intelligente mislukking als hoeksteen van de lerende organisatie.. M & O: tijdschrift voor organisatiekunde en sociaal beleid, 2012 (5). 41 - 60. ISSN 0165-1722 De Graaff, M.C., Van den Berg, C.E.M., (2010). Moral Professionalism within the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces. In J. Stouffer & S. Seiler (Eds.), Military Ethics: International Perspectives De Lind van Wijngaarden, JW., & Rani, B. (2011). Male adolescent concubinage in Peshawar, Northwestern Pakistan. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13, 1061-1072. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2011.599863 Emler, N., Renwick, S., & Malone, B. (1983). The relationship between moral reasoning and political orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1073–1080. doi:10.1037/0022 3514.45.5.1073 Frey, B. F. (2000). The impact of moral intensity on decision making in a business context, Journal of Business Ethics 26, 181–195. doi: 10.1023/A:1006139124110 Graham, J., Nosek, B.A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P.H. (2011). Mapping the moral domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 366-385. doi: 10.1037/a0021847 Greene, J. & Haidt, J. (2002). How (and where) does moral judgment work? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 517-532. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)02011-9 Guinote, A. (2007a). Power affects basic cognition: Increased attentional inhibition and flexibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 685-697. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.06.008 Guinote, A. (2007b). Power and goal pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1076-1087. doi: 10.1177/0146167207301011 Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108, 814-834. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814 Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852-870). Oxford: Oxford University Press Haidt, J., Graham, J., & Joseph, C. (2009). Above and below left–right: Ideological narratives and moral foundations. Psychological Inquiry, 20, 110-119. doi: 10.1080/10478400903028573 Haidt, J. (2013). Moral psychology for the twenty-first century. Journal of Moral Education, 42, 281-297. doi: 10.1080/03057240.2013.817327 Jones, T.M. (1991), Ethical decision-making by individuals in organizations: an issue-contingent model. Academy of Management Review: 366-395. doi: 10.5465/AMR.1991.4278958 Karssing, E. (2000). Morele competenties in organisaties, Assen: van Gorcum & Comp BV. Kligyte, V., Connelly, S., Thiel, C. E., Devenport, L. D., Brown, R. P., & Mumford, M. D. (2009). Influence of Emotions and Emotion Regulation Strategies on Ethical Decision-Making. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, New Orleans, LA. Kohlberg, L. (1963). The development of children’s orientation toward a moral order. I. Sequence of a moral thought. Vita Humana, 6, 11-33. doi: 10.1159/000269667 Kohlberg, L. (1984). Philosophy of moral development: The nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row. Laurence, J.H. (2011). Military leadership and the complexity of combat and culture. Military Psychology, 23, 489-501. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2011.600143 Lerner, J.S., & Tetlock, P.E. (1999). Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 255-275. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.255 May, D.R., & Pauli, K.P. (2002). The Role of Moral Intensity in Ethical Decision Making: A Review and Investigation of Moral Recognition, Evaluation, and Intention. Business & Society, 41, 84-117. doi: 10.1177/0007650302041001006 McMahon, J.M., & Harvey, R.J. (2007). The effect of moral intensity on ethical judgment. Journal of Business Ethics, 72, 335-357. doi: 10.1007/s10551-006-9174-6 McMahon, J.M, & Harvey, R.J. (2006). An Analysis of the Factor Structure of Jones’ Moral Intensity Construct. Journal of Business Ethics, 64, 381-404. doi: 10.1007/s10551-006 0006-5 Ministerie van Defensie. (2012). Joint doctrine publicatie 5: Commandovoering. Mumford, M.D., Connelly, S., Brown, R.P., Murphy, S.T., Hill, J.H., Antes, A.L., et al. (2008). A sensemaking approach to ethics training for scientists: Preliminary evidence of training effectiveness. Ethics & Behavior, 18, 315-339. doi: 10.1080/10508420802487815 Schut, M., de Graaff, M.C., & Verweij, D.E.M. (under review). Moral emotions during military deployment a qualitative study on moral emotions in intercultural interactions. See, K.E., Morrison, E.W., Rothman, N.B., & Soll, J.B. (2011). The detrimental effects of power on confidence, advice taking, and accuracy. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 116, 272-285. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.07.006 Singer, M. S., & Singer, A. E. (1997). Observer judgments about moral agents’ ethical decisions: The role of scope of justice and moral intensity. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 473-484. doi: 10.1023/A:1017992805903 Singhapakdi, A., S. J. Vitell & K. L. Kraft. (1996). Moral intensity and ethical decision-making of marketing professionals, Journal of Business Research, 36, 245–255.doi:10.1016/0148 2963(95)00155-7 Sonenshein, S. (2007). The role of construction, intuition, and justification in responding to ethical issues at work: The sensemaking-intuition model. The Academy of Management Review, 32, 1022-1040. doi: 10.2307/20159354 Stenmark, C. K., Antes, A. L., Wang, X., Caughron, J. J., Thiel, C. E., & Mumford, M. D. (2010). Strategies in forecasting outcomes in ethical decision-making: Identifying and analyzing the causes of the problem. Ethics and Behavior, 20, 110–127. doi: 10.1080/10508421003595935 Stenmark, C. K., & Mumford, M. D. (2011). Situational impacts on leader ethical decision-making. The Leadership Quarterly, 22, 942–955. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.01 making: A comparison of primary and secondary appraisals of anger. Ethics & Behavior, 5,380–403. doi: 10.1080/10508422.2011.604295 Thiel, C. E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J. F., & Mumford, M. D. (2012). Leader ethical decision-making in organizations: Strategies for sensemaking. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 4964. doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1299- Tost, L.P., Gino, F., & Larrick, R.P. (2012). Power, competitiveness, and advice taking: Why the powerful don’t listen. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 117, 53-65. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.10.001 Van Baarda, TH. A. & Verweij, D.E.M. (2010). Praktijkboek militaire ethiek: ethiek en integriteit bij de krijgsmacht, morele vorming, dilemmatraining, Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Ethiek, Damon. Verweij, D.(2007). Morele professionaliteit in de militaire praktijk, in Kole, J & de Ruyter, D. In document Sensemaking in een militaire context : sensemaking strategieën & morele beslissingen tijdens militaire uitzending (pagina 40-44)