- Amkreutz 2013b: 78-85 - Amkreutz 2013a: 327,335 - Bakels and Zeiler 2005: 323-324 - Bienenfeld 1986: 259-277 - Brinkkemper et al. 2010: 33
- Van Gijn and Louwe Kooijmans 2005: 350-351 - Goossens 2010: 169
119 - Louwe Kooijmans 1987: 231-235 - Raemaekers 1999: 169-179 - Raemaekers 2004: 11-14 - Verbruggen 1992: 124 - Zeiler 1987: 250-263 - Zeiler 1991: 75-76
120
4.3 Hazendonk-VL2b
Toponim: Hazendonk layer VL-2b
Municipality: Molenwaard, Zuid-Holland
Dating of site, method of dating: 2580-2480 BCE, based on C-14 dating
Geological location: Located on a river clay deposit on a stream levee
Material types present: Pottery, flint
Food economy: Domesticated animals, hunted animals, birds, fish, cultivated plants
Postholes present: No
Structures recognized: No
Hearths present: No
Preservation conditions: Excellent for conserving organic material
Most likely site classification: Unsure about time of occupation, perhaps extended period or multi-seasonal. Mixed diet, preference for hunted animals
Object classification
Type of pottery found: Storage vessels probably? The shape of the vessels does not indicate the exact function of the pots, but storage is likely
Type of flint found: Flakes, blades
Type of other stone found: -
Type of bone tools found: -
121
Type of wooden objects found: -
Food consumption
Hunted animals: Beaver, otter, pine marten, fox, badger, wild cat, red deer
Bird remains: Present
Fish remains: Present
Domesticated animals: Cattle, pig, dog
Gathered seeds/plants: -
Cultivated plants: Emmer, naked barley
Percentage hunted vs. domesticated: Hunted > Domesticated
Postholes and structures:
-Information from:
- Amkreutz 2010: 15 - Amkreutz 2013a: 327,335 - Amkreutz 2013b: 78-85- Bakels and Zeiler 2005: 323-324
- Beckerman and Raemaekers 2009: 68-75 - Bienenfeld 1986: 277
- Goossens 2010: 169
- Louwe Kooijmans 1987: 231-235 - Lanting and Van der Plicht 2002: 27-28 - Raemaekers 1999: 169-179
- Raemaekers 2004: 11-14 - Verbruggen 1992: 124
122 - Zeiler 1987, 250-263
123
5. Hazerswoude
Toponim: Hazerswoude-Rijndijk-Spookverlaat
Municipality: Alphen aan den Rijn, Zuid-Holland
Dating of site, method of dating: 2800-2500 BCE, pottery typo-chronology in combination with C-14
Geological location: Located on a levee near a freshwater tidal
Material types present: Pottery, flint, other stones, organic tools
Food economy: Fish, hunted animals, domesticated animals, gathered plants, cultivated plants, and eggs
Postholes present: Yes
Structures recognized: Yes
Hearths present: Yes
Preservation conditions: Excellent for conserving organic material
Most likely site classification: Unsure, there are arguments for both a seasonal as well as year-round habitation. Mixed food economy
Object classification
Type of pottery found: Baking plate, cooking pot, collared flask, bowl, spindle whorl
Type of flint found: Flakes and blades (un)retouched, core, scraper, pointed artefact, borer, awl, flint axe fragments, waste flakes
124
Type of other stone found: Grinding stone, polishing stone, hammering stone, chisel, cooking stone, rubbing stone, anvil, amber bead, ‘flakes’, unmodified stone
Type of bone tools found: Chisel, awl, needle, wrist guard, perforated tooth
Type of antler tools found: -
Type of wooden objects found: -
Food consumption
Hunted animals: Wild pig, beaver, otter, fox, seal, wild cat, bunzing
Bird remains: The site yielded some egg shells, of a species unknown
Fish remains: Sturgeon, perch, eel
Domesticated animals: Pig, sheep/goat, cattle
Gathered seeds/plants: Hazelnut, sloe
Cultivated plants: Naked barley, emmer
Percentage hunted vs. domesticated: Unsure
Postholes and structures:
-
125 Figure 2: Structure at Haamstede-Brabers (after Diependaele and Drenth 2010a,
appendix 7)
Information from:
- Amkreutz 2013a: 327 - Amkreutz 2013b: 313-314- Diependaele and Drenth 2010a: 134-146 - Diependaele and Drenth 2010b
126
6. Hekelingen-I
Toponim: Hekelingen-I
Municipality: Nissewaard, Zuid-Holland
Dating of site, method of dating: 3100-2400 BCE, most likely between 3000-2600 BCE, based on C-14 dating
Geological location: Marine clay levee in a river area
Material types present: Pottery, flint, organic tools
Food economy: Fish, hunted animals, domesticated animals, birds
Postholes present: Yes
Structures recognized: Not clear
Hearths present: No
Preservation conditions: Good preservation for organic remains
Most likely site classification: Probably seasonal occupation, meat-based food economy with focus on hunting and fishing
Object classification
Type of pottery found: Spoon and pots: only rim, wall and base fragments uncovered without a clear shape or recognizable function
Type of flint found: Unretouched flakes, scraper, borer, arrowhead, strike-a-light, flint axe fragments
127
Type of bone tools found: Axe, perforated tooth (bear)
Type of antler tools found: Awl, worked fragment, worked tusk
Type of wooden objects found: -
Food consumption
Hunted animals: Red deer, auroch, roe deer, wild pig, beaver, otter, polecat, marten
Bird remains: Red-throated Loon
Fish remains: Sturgeon
Domesticated animals: Cattle, horse
Gathered seeds/plants: -
Cultivated plants: -
Percentage hunted vs. domesticated: Hunted < domesticated
128 Figure 3: Feature spread at Hekelingen-I (after Amkreutz 2013b, 94 fig. D)
Information from:
- Amkreutz 2013a: 327, 315 - Amkreutz 2013b: 85-88 and 94 - Louwe Kooijmans 1987: 243-244 - Van Regteren Altena et al. 1962: 15-19 - Sarfatij 1981: 257-262129
7. Hekelingen-II
Toponim: Hekelingen-II
Municipality: Nissewaard, Zuid-Holland
Dating of site, method of dating: 3000-2500 BCE, according to C-14 dating
Geological location: Sandy levee of a creek
Material types present: Pottery, flint, unmodified stone, organic tools
Food economy: Hunted animals, domesticated animals, fish
Postholes present: No
Structures recognized: No
Hearths present: No
Preservation conditions: Quite good for preservation of organics
Most likely site classification: Seasonal encampment, primarily meat diet
Object classification
Type of pottery found: Pots, unsure of the shapes and functions of the pottery. Sherds did include rims with
perforations and wall-fragments with lumps.
Type of flint found: Unretouched flakes, scraper, flint axe fragment
Type of other stone found: Unmodified piece of sandstone
Type of bone tools found: Awl, perforated tooth
Type of antler tools found: -
130
Food consumption
Hunted animals: Red deer
Bird remains: -
Fish remains: Sturgeon
Domesticated animals: Cattle, domesticated pig, sheep/goat
Gathered seeds/plants: -
Cultivated plants: -
Percentage hunted vs. domesticated: Domesticated > hunted