Microfluidic biochip platforms have proven to be versatile incubation devices for cell cultures and tissue. However, to further improve and profit from the advantages of microfluidic perfusion over the traditional static culturing techniques, the incorporation of sensors to monitor relevant parameters is required. Oxygen is one such parameter, as an essential part of the metabolism
of each cell, but also as a regulatory parameter in both cells and tissue. Both an increased understanding of its role, and a precise control over its concentration in accordance to this, would potentially benefit the viability and functionality of incubated tissue or cells. Considering the ease with which different techniques discussed in this review can be miniaturized, implementing oxygen control into these culturing devices seems like a logical step, and some examples of this have been discussed. Of course, one should consider how these measurements could affect the incubated tissue or cells and their direct environment in order to select the most suitable approach for implementation.
Oxygenation measurements, especially in combination with assessment of expression of hypoxia-related factors (e.g. HIFs), will deliver valuable information for the improvement of tissue perfusion systems and cell culturing devices.
Hopefully, an increased understanding and control over oxygenation in in vitro models will lead to an increased viability and functional in vivo resemblance. This would lead to the widespread acceptance of these systems as valid platforms for the study of organ functionality, pathology, metabolism and toxicology studies of novel drugs, and many more applications in the organ-on-a-chip field.
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