• No results found

The author would like to thank HempFlax B.V. in Oude Pekela, The Netherlands for kindly providing the hemp materials. Also Professor Hans Wösten of Utrecht University is thanked for sharing his considerable knowledge in mycology.

Willem Velthoven and all the staff at Mediamatic, Amsterdam are thanked for their support and ideas.

Lastly the author is very grateful to Maurizio Montalti for providing excellent advice on mycelium-based materials and his outstanding view on bio-mycelium-based materials in general.

67

References

[1] E. Bayer, "Ecovative Design," 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.ecovativedesign.com/.

[Accessed 14 05 2014].

[2] M. Clark and S. Saporta, "Engineering a mushroon tower," 2014. [Online]. Available:

http://www.arupconnect.com/2014/06/24/engineering-a-mushroom-tower/. [Accessed 20 08 2014].

[3] P. O. Akadiri, P. O. Olomolaiye and E. A. Chinyio, "Multi-criteria evaluation model for the selection of sustainable materials for building projects," Automation in construction, pp. 113-125, 2013.

[4] E. P. Aigbomian and M. Fan, "Development of Wood-Crete building materials from sawdust and waste paper," Construction and Building materials, vol. 40, pp. 361-366, 2013.

[5] L. Wang, A. Toppinen and H. Juslin, "Use of wood in green building: a study of expert perspectives from the UK," Journal of Cleaner production, vol. 65, pp. 350-361, 2014.

[6] P. Mallick, Fiber-reinforced composites; Materials, Manufacturing and Design, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008.

[7] S. H. Abdul Rashid, S. Evans and P. Longhurst, "A comparison of four sustainable manufacturing strategies," Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom, 2014.

[8] European Commission, Being wise with waste: the EU’s approach to waste management, Luxembourg:: Publications Offi ce of the European Union, 2010.

[9] Eurostat, "Environmental Data Centre on Waste," Eurostat, 12 11 2014. [Online]. Available:

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/waste/overview. [Accessed 15 02 2015].

[10] TGB timber structures, NEN-EN338 Structural timber - strength classes, Delft: NEN publishing, 2009.

[11] J. Janssen, "Bamboo in building structures," Dissertatie Drukkerij Wibro, Helmond, 1981.

[12] Q. Xu, K. Harries, X. Li, Q. Liu and J. Gottron, "Mechanical Properties of structural bamboo following immersion in water," Engineering Structures, vol. 81, pp. 230-239, 2014.

[13] P. Zakikhani, R. Zahari, M. Sultan and D. Majid, "Extraction and preparation of bamboo fibre-reinforced composites," Materials and Design, vol. 63, pp. 820-828, 2014.

[14] S. Lakkad and J. Patel, "Mechanical Properties of Bamboo, a Natural Composite," Fibre Science and Technology, vol. 14, pp. 319-322, 1980.

[15] T. Tan, N. Rahbar, S. Allameh, S. Kwofie, D. Dissmore, K. Ghavami and W. Soboyejo, "Mechanical properties of functionally graded hierarchical bamboo structures," Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 7,

68

pp. 3796-3803, 2011.

[16] J. van Dam and M. van den Oever, Catalogus Biobased bouwmaterialen; het groene bouwen, Wageningen: Propress, 2012.

[17] CEN/TC 124, "EN 1194 Timber structures - Glued Laminated timber - Strenght Classes and determination of characteristic values," NEN, Delft, 1999.

[18] USDA Forest Service, Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, USDA Forest Service, 1999.

[19] O. Faruk, A. Bledzki, H.-P. Fink and M. Sain, "Biocomposite reinforced with natural fibers: 2000-2010," Progress in polymer science, vol. 37, pp. 1552-1596, 2012.

[20] F. La Mantia and M. Morreale, "Green composites: a brief review," Composites: Part A, vol. 42, pp. 579-588, 2011.

[21] G. Koronis, A. Silva and M. Fontul, "Green composites: A review of adequate materials for automotive applications," Composites: Part B, vol. 44, pp. 120-127, 2013.

[22] H. Bos, J. Müssig and M. van den Oever, "Mechanical properties of short-flax-fibre reinforced compounds," Composites part A, vol. 37, pp. 1591-1604, 2006.

[23] K. G. Satyanarayana, G. G. Arizaga and F. Wypych, "Biodegradable composites based on lignocellulosic fibers - An overview," Progress in polymer science, pp. 982-1021, 2009.

[24] P. Wambua, J. Ivens and I. Verpoest, "Natural fibres: can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics?," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 63, pp. 1259-1264, 2003.

[25] M. C. Symington, W. M. Banks, O. D. West and R. A. Pethrick, "Tensile testing of Cellulose based natural fibers for structural composite application," journal of composite materials, pp. 1083-1108, 2009.

[26] Y. Li, K. Pickering and R. Farrell, "Determination of interfacial shear strength of white rot fungi treated hemp fibre reinforced polypropylene," Composites Science and technology, vol. 69, pp.

1165-1171, 2009.

[27] J.-M. Park, S. T. Quang, B.-S. Hwang and K. DeVries, "Interfacial evaluation of modified Jute and Hemp fibers/polypropylene (PP)-maleic anhydride polypropylene copolymers (PP-MAPP) composites using micromechanical technique and nondestructive acoustic emission,"

Composites Science and Technology, vol. 66, pp. 2686-2699, 2006.

[28] M. Sawpan, K. Pickering and A. Fernyhough, "Effect of fibre treatments on interfacial shear strength of hemp fibre reinforced polylactide and unsaturated polyester composites,"

Composites: Part A, vol. 42, pp. 1189-1196, 2011.

69

[29] H. P. Abdul Khalil, L. U. Bhat, M. Jawaid, A. Zaidon, D. Hermawan and Y. Hadi, "Bamboo fibre reinforced biocomposites: A review," Materials and Design, pp. 353-368, 2012.

[30] N. Benmansour, B. Agoudjil, A. Gherabli, A. Kareche and A. Boudenne, "Thermal and mechanical performance of natural mortar reinforced with date palm fibers for use as insulating materials in building," Energy and Buildings, vol. 81, pp. 98-104, 2014.

[31] C. Ingrao, A. Lo Giudice, C. Tricase, R. Rana, C. Mbohwa and V. Siracusa, "Recycled-PET fibre based panels for building thermal insulation: Environmental impact and improvement potential assessment for a greener production," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 493, pp. 919-929, 2014.

[32] M. Van den Oever, K. Molenveld and H. Bos, "Biocomposieten 2012," Propress, Wageningen, 2012.

[33] P. Stamets, Mycelium Running - how mushrooms can help save the world, New York: Ten Speed Press, 2005.

[34] D. Hibbet, M. Binder, F. Bisschoff, M. Blackwell, P. Cannon, O. Eriksson, S. Huhndorf, T. James and P. Kirk, "A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi," mycological research, vol.

111, pp. 509-547, 2007.

[35] M. J. Carlile and C. S. Watkinson, The fungi, London: Academic Press, 1995.

[36] A. Geitman and A. Emons, "The cytoskeleton inplant and fungal cell tip growth," Journal of Microscopy, vol. 198, pp. 218-245, 2000.

[37] M. Montalti, Interviewee, mycelium in design. [Interview]. 29 April 2014.

[38] C. van der Horst, Interviewee, company visit to CNC substrate productions. [Interview]. 30 August 2014.

[39] H. Wösten, Interviewee, Alternate mycelium applications. [Interview]. 1 May 2014.

[40] Mushroom Appreciation, "Pasteurization," 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.mushroom-appreciation.com/pasteurize.html. [Accessed 9 July 2014].

[41] J. Yadav and J. Tripathi, "Optimization of Cultivation and Nutrition Conditions and Substrate Pretreatment for Solid-Substrate Fermentation of Wheat Straw by Coriolus Versicolor," Folia Microbioliga, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 294-301, 1991.

[42] C. van der Horst, Interviewee, Interview: industrial scale mycelium cultivation. [Interview]. 30 August 2014.

[43] Mycobois, E-mail concerning mycelium recomendation, 2014.

70

[44] E. Bayer, "Method and machine for filling 3D cavities with bulk material". USA 27 February 2014.

[45] K. L. Pickering and Y. Li, "The effect of chelator and white rot fungi treatments on long hemp,"

vol. Composites Science and Technology 69 (2009) 1265–1270, 2009.

[46] A. Verruijt and S. van Baars, Soil Mechanics, First edition ed., Delft: VSSD, 2007.

[47] J. T. Kim and A. Netravali, "Development of aligned-hemp yarn-reinforced green composites with soy protein resin: effect of pH on mechanical and interfacial properties," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 71, pp. 541-547, 2011.

[48] A. Elragi, "Selected Engineering Properties and Applications of EPS Geofoam," Softoria, 2006.

[49] J. Cox, A. Ingelaere, J. Sizaire, p. Meulders and E. van Overmeire, "Cellenbeton; materiaal van de toekomst," FeBeCel, Brussel, 2007.

[50] G. Knoors, Interviewee, The biobased economy. [Interview]. 14 May 2014.

[51] A. van Belle, Succesvol eetbare houtzwammen kweken, Meigem, Belgium: Mycobois, 2009.

[52] G. Gooday, "The dynamics of hyphal growth," Mycological Research, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 385-394, 1995.

[53] M. Riquelme, C. Reynaga-Pena, G. Gierz and S. Bartnicki-Garcia, "What determines growth direction in fungal hyphae?," Fungal genetics and biology, vol. 24, pp. 101-109, 1998.

[54] E. Franzoni, "Material selection for green buildings: which tools for engineers and architects?,"

Procedia Engineering, pp. 883-890, 2011.

[55] S. Pretot, F. Collet and C. Garnier, "Life cycle assessment of a hemp concrete wall: impact of thickness and coating," Building and Environment, vol. 72, pp. 223-231, 2014.

[56] P. de Bruijn and P. Johansson, "Moisture fixation and thermal properties of lime-hemp concrete," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 47, pp. 1235-1242, 2013.

[57] P. Dicker, P. Duckworth, A. Baker, G. Francois, M. Hazzard and P. Weaver, "Green composites: A review of material attributes and complementary application," Composties: Part A, vol. 56, pp.

280-289, 2014.

[58] H. Wösten, Interviewee, Interview: Alternate mycelium applications. [Interview]. 1 May 2014.

[59] M. Montalti, Interviewee, Interview: mycelium in design. [Interview]. 29 April 2014.

71