Synthese und Charakterisierung von silikonbasierten Polyharnstoff- Elastomeren für die Anwendung
als akkommodierbare Intraokularlinse
Natascha Riehle
Natascha Riehle Synthese von silikonbasierten Polyharnstoff-Elastomeren für IOL s
Intraokularlinsen (IOLs) stellen bislang die einzige Möglichkeit zur Behandlung von Katarakt dar, bei der die eingetrübte natürliche Augenlinse chirur- gisch entfernt und durch eine Kunstlinse ersetzt wird. Jedoch besteht die Mehrheit der kommerziell verfügbaren IOLs aus Acrylat- bzw. Methacrylat- Polymeren, die aufgrund ihrer steifen Strukturen die Akkommodation im Auge behindern.
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Synthese und Charakterisierung von weichen und flexiblen silikonbasierten Polyharnstoff-Elastomeren für die potentielle Anwendung als biokompatibles Material in faltbaren akkommo- dierenden Intraokularlinsen (a-IOLs).
Die Amino-terminierten Polysiloxane wurden mittels der Ring-Ketten-Äqui- librierung eines cyclischen Siloxans und eines niedermolekularen Endblo- ckers 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-tetramethyldisiloxan (APTMDS) synthetisiert.
Die Silikonpolyharnstoff-Elastomere wurden durch Polyaddition der Ami- noterminierten Polysiloxane mit verschiedenen aliphatischen Diisocyana- ten (4,4‘-Dicyclohexylmethandiisocyanat (H12MDI), Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI), trans-1,4-Cyclohexyldiisocyanat (CHDI)) sowie mit dem aromati- schen Diisocyanat 4,4‘-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) und dem siloxan- basierten Kettenverlängerer APTMDS erhalten.
Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit lag in der Synthese und Charakterisierung der silikonbasierten Polyharnstoff-Elastomeren (PSUs) im Hinblick auf die optischen und mechanischen Anforderungen an eine akkommodierbare IOL.
PSU-Elastomere, die auf dem Diisocyanat H12MDI basieren, einen HS-An- teil von 10% besitzen und als Weichsegment ein Poly(dimethyl-co-methyl- phenylsiloxan) mit 14 mol% an Methylphenylsiloxan mit einem Molekularge- wicht von 16.000 g/mol beinhalten, wiesen eine hohe Transparenz, einen niedrigen E-Modul sowie einen für die Anwendung als akkommodierbare Intraokularlinse passenden Brechungsindex auf.
Die Ergebnisse der in vitro Zytotoxizitätstests haben gezeigt, dass die PSU- Elastomere nicht zytotoxisch und somit potentiell biokompatible Materialien sind.
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D 93 (Diss. Universität Stuttgart)
Shaker Verlag Düren 2021 Berichte aus der Chemie
Natascha Riehle
Synthese und Charakterisierung von silikonbasierten Polyharnstoff-Elastomeren für die Anwendung
als akkommodierbare Intraokularlinse
Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.
Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2020
Copyright Shaker Verlag 2021
Alle Rechte, auch das des auszugsweisen Nachdruckes, der auszugsweisen oder vollständigen Wiedergabe, der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungs- anlagen und der Übersetzung, vorbehalten.
Printed in Germany.
ISBN 978-3-8440-8061-2 ISSN 0945-070X
Shaker Verlag GmbH • Am Langen Graben 15a • 52353 Düren Telefon: 02421 / 99 0 11 - 0 • Telefax: 02421 / 99 0 11 - 9 Internet: www.shaker.de • E-Mail: info@shaker.de
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ϯ͘Ϯ͘ϲ͘ϭƵĨƌĞŝŶŝŐƵŶŐǀŽŶƚƌĂŶƐͲϭ͕ϰͲLJĐůŽŚĞdžĂŶĚŝŝƐŽĐLJĂŶĂƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϴϳ
ϯ͘Ϯ͘ϳ dŝƚƌŝŵĞƚƌŝƐĐŚĞĞƐƚŝŵŵƵŶŐĚĞƐ/ƐŽĐLJĂŶĂƚŐĞŚĂůƚƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϴϵ
ϯ͘Ϯ͘ϴ ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞǀŽŶƐŝůŝŬŽŶďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶWŽůLJŚĂƌŶƐƚŽĨĨͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϬ
ϯ͘Ϯ͘ϵ WƌćƉĂƌĂƚŝŽŶǀŽŶ&ŽůŝĞŶĂƵƐƐŝůŝŬŽŶďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶWŽůLJŚĂƌŶƐƚŽĨĨͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞŶ
͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϯ
ϯ͘Ϯ͘ϭϬ<ƵůƚŝǀŝĞƌƵŶŐǀŽŶ,ĂĂdͲĞůůĞŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϰ
ϯ͘Ϯ͘ϭϭ/ŶǀŝƚƌŽLJƚŽƚŽdžŝnjŝƚćƚƐƉƌƺĨƵŶŐĞŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϱ
ϰ ƌŐĞďŶŝƐƐĞƵŶĚŝƐŬƵƐƐŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϵ
ϰ͘ϭ ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞƵŶĚŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌŝƐŝĞƌƵŶŐǀŽŶɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲ WŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞŶͿƵŶĚWŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶͿͲďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶ
WŽůLJŚĂƌŶƐƚŽĨĨͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϵ
ϰ͘ϭ͘ϭ ŝŶĨůƵƐƐĚĞƐDŽůĞŬƵůĂƌŐĞǁŝĐŚƚƐĚĞƌɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲ
WŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͿĂƵĨĚŝĞdƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶnjĚĞƌW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϰ
ϰ͘ϭ͘Ϯ ŝŶĨůƵƐƐĚĞƐDŽůĞŬƵůĂƌŐĞǁŝĐŚƚƐĚĞƌɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲ
WŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͿĂƵĨĚŝĞŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐĐŚĞŶŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶĚĞƌW^hͲ
ůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϱ
,QKDOWVYHU]HLFKQLV
ϰ͘ϭ͘ϯ ŝŶĨůƵƐƐĚĞƐ,ĂƌƚƐĞŐŵĞŶƚĂŶƚĞŝůƐƵŶĚĚĞƌ^ƚƌƵŬƚƵƌĚĞƐŝŝƐŽĐLJĂŶĂƚƐĂƵĨ
ĚŝĞdƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶnjĚĞƌW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϭϬ
ϰ͘ϭ͘ϰ ŝŶĨůƵƐƐĚĞƐ,ĂƌƚƐĞŐŵĞŶƚĂŶƚĞŝůƐƵŶĚĚĞƌŝŝƐŽĐLJĂŶĂƚƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌĂƵĨĚŝĞ
ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐĐŚĞŶŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶĚĞƌW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϭϯ
ϰ͘Ϯ ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞƵŶĚŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌŝƐŝĞƌƵŶŐǀŽŶɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲ
WŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůͲĐŽͲŵĞƚŚLJůƉŚĞŶLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞŶͿ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϮϯ
ϰ͘Ϯ͘ϭ ƌĞĐŚƵŶŐƐŝŶĚŝĐĞƐĚĞƌĂƵĨɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲWŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůͲ ĐŽͲŵĞƚŚLJůƉŚĞŶLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞŶͿďĂƐŝĞƌĞŶĚĞŶW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϮϲ
ϰ͘Ϯ͘Ϯ dƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶnjĚĞƌĂƵĨɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲWŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůͲ
ĐŽͲŵĞƚŚLJůƉŚĞŶLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞŶͿďĂƐŝĞƌĞŶĚĞŶW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϮϳ
ϰ͘ϯ /ŶǀŝƚƌŽLJƚŽƚŽdžŝnjŝƚćƚƐƉƌƺĨƵŶŐĞŶĂŶɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲWŽůLJƐŝůŽdžĂŶͲ ďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞŶƵŶĚŽƉŽůLJŵĞƌĞŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϮϵ
ϰ͘ϰ dŚĞƌŵŽĂŶĂůLJƚŝƐĐŚĞŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌŝƐŝĞƌƵŶŐǀŽŶɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲ WŽůLJƐŝůŽdžĂŶͲďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞŶƵŶĚŽƉŽůLJŵĞƌĞŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϯϯ
ϰ͘ϯ͘ϭ ^ƉƌŝƚnjŐŝĞƘǀĞƌƐƵĐŚĞŵŝƚɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶͿͲ ďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞŶƵŶĚŽƉŽůLJŵĞƌĞŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϰϮ
ϱ ŝŶĨůƵƐƐĚĞƐ^ŝůŝŬŽŶͲDŽůĞŬƵůĂƌŐĞǁŝĐŚƚƐĂƵĨĚŝĞdƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶnjƵŶĚĚŝĞ
ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐĐŚĞŶŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶǀŽŶƐŝůŝŬŽŶďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶWŽůLJŚĂƌŶƐƚŽĨĨͲ
ůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞŶͬ/ŶĨůƵĞŶĐĞŽĨƐŝůŝĐŽŶĞŵŽůĞĐƵůĂƌǁĞŝŐŚƚŽŶƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJ
ĂŶĚŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂůƉƌŽƉĞƌƚŝĞƐŽĨƉŽůLJƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͲƵƌĞĂĞůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϰϳ
ϱ͘ϭ <ƵƌnjĨĂƐƐƵŶŐͬďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϰϳ
ϱ͘Ϯ ŝŶůĞŝƚƵŶŐͬ/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϰϴ
ϱ͘ϯ DĂƚĞƌŝĂůƵŶĚDĞƚŚŽĚĞŶͬdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚĂů͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϭ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϭ DĂƚĞƌŝĂůŝĞŶͬDĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϭ
ϱ͘ϯ͘Ϯ ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞĚĞƌWŽůLJƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͬ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐŽĨƉŽůLJƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϮ
ϱ͘ϯ͘Ϯ͘ϭ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞǀŽŶɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞŶͿͬ
^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐŽĨɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞƐͿ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϮ
ϱ͘ϯ͘Ϯ͘Ϯ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞǀŽŶɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůͲĐŽͲ ŵĞƚŚLJůƉŚĞŶLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͿͬ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐŽĨɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲ
ƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůͲĐŽͲŵĞƚŚLJůƉŚĞŶLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞƐͿ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϮ
,QKDOWVYHU]HLFKQLV
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϯ ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞĚĞƌƉŽůLJƐŝůŽdžĂŶďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶWŽůLJŚĂƌŶƐƚŽĨĨͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞͬ
^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐŽĨƉŽůLJƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͲƵƌĞĂĞůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϯ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϰ DŽůĞŬƵůĂƌŐĞǁŝĐŚƚƐďĞƐƚŝŵŵƵŶŐĞŶͬ
ŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĂƚŝŽŶŽĨŵŽůĞĐƵůĂƌǁĞŝŐŚƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϰ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϰ͘ϭŶĚŐƌƵƉƉĞŶďĞƐƚŝŵŵƵŶŐŵŝƚƚĞůƐdŝƚƌĂƚŝŽŶͬ
ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚŝŽŶŽĨĞŶĚŐƌŽƵƉƐďLJƚŝƚƌĂƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϰ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϰ͘ϮEDZͲ^ƉĞŬƚƌŽƐŬŽƉŝĞͬEDZƐƉĞĐƚƌŽƐĐŽƉLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϰ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϰ͘ϯ'ƌƂƘĞŶĂƵƐƐĐŚůƵƐƐŚƌŽŵĂƚŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĞͬ
^ŝnjĞdžĐůƵƐŝŽŶŚƌŽŵĂƚŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ;^Ϳ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϰ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϱ ŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌŝƐŝĞƌƵŶŐĚĞƌŽƉƚŝƐĐŚĞŶŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶͬ
ŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĂƚŝŽŶŽĨŽƉƚŝĐĂůƉƌŽƉĞƌƚŝĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϱ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϱ͘ϭdƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶnjͬdƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϱ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϱ͘ϮƌĞĐŚƵŶŐƐŝŶĚĞdžͬZĞĨƌĂĐƚŝǀĞ/ŶĚĞdž͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϱ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϲ ŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌŝƐŝĞƌƵŶŐĚĞƌŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐĐŚĞŶŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶͬ
ŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĂƚŝŽŶŽĨŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂůƉƌŽƉĞƌƚŝĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϱ
ϱ͘ϯ͘ϳ ĞƐƚŝŵŵƵŶŐĚĞƌŝŶǀŝƚƌŽLJƚŽƚŽdžŝnjŝƚćƚͬ
ŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĂƚŝŽŶŽĨŝŶǀŝƚƌŽĐLJƚŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϲ
ϱ͘ϰ ƌŐĞďŶŝƐƐĞƵŶĚŝƐŬƵƐƐŝŽŶͬZĞƐƵůƚƐĂŶĚĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϳ
ϱ͘ϰ͘ϭ ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞƵŶĚŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌŝƐŝĞƌƵŶŐĚĞƌɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲ
ƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͿƵŶĚɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůͲĐŽͲ ŵĞƚŚLJůƉŚĞŶLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͿͬ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐĂŶĚĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĂƚŝŽŶŽĨ
ɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞƐͿĂŶĚ
ɲ͕ʘͲŝƐ;ϯͲĂŵŝŶŽƉƌŽƉLJůͿͲƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůͲĐŽͲŵĞƚŚLJůƉŚĞŶLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞƐͿ͘͘͘ϭϱϳ
ϱ͘ϰ͘Ϯ ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞƵŶĚŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌŝƐŝĞƌƵŶŐĚĞƌƉŽůLJƐŝůŽdžĂŶďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶWŽůLJŚĂƌŶƐƚŽĨĨͲ
ůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞͬ
^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐĂŶĚĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĂƚŝŽŶŽĨƉŽůLJƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͲƵƌĞĂĞůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱϵ
ϱ͘ϰ͘ϯ KƉƚŝƐĐŚĞŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶͬKƉƚŝĐĂůWƌŽƉĞƌƚŝĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϲϭ
ϱ͘ϰ͘ϯ͘ϭdƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶnjĚĞƌW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞͬdƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJŽĨW^hĞůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ͘ϭϲϭ
ϱ͘ϰ͘ϯ͘ϮƌĞĐŚƵŶŐƐŝŶĚĞdžͬZĞĨƌĂĐƚŝǀĞ/ŶĚĞdž͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϲϱ
ϱ͘ϰ͘ϰ DĞĐŚĂŶŝƐĐŚĞŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶĚĞƌW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞͬ
DĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂůWƌŽƉĞƌƚŝĞƐŽĨW^hĞůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϲϲ
,QKDOWVYHU]HLFKQLV
ϱ͘ϰ͘ϱ /ŶǀŝƚƌŽLJƚŽƚŽdžŝnjŝƚćƚͬ/ŶǀŝƚƌŽĐLJƚŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϳϳ
ϱ͘ϱ ^ĐŚůƵƐƐĨŽůŐĞƌƵŶŐĞŶͬŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϳϴ
ϲ ŝŶĨůƵƐƐĚĞƐŶƚĞŝůƐĂŶ,ĂƌƚƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƵŶĚĚĞƌŝŝƐŽĐLJĂŶĂƚͲ^ƚƌƵŬƚƵƌĂƵĨ
ĚŝĞdƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶnjƵŶĚĚŝĞŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐĐŚĞŶŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶǀŽŶ
WŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶͿͲďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶWŽůLJŚĂƌŶƐƚŽĨĨͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞŶͬ
/ŶĨůƵĞŶĐĞŽĨŚĂƌĚƐĞŐŵĞŶƚĐŽŶƚĞŶƚĂŶĚĚŝŝƐŽĐLJĂŶĂƚĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽŶƚŚĞ
ƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJĂŶĚŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂůƉƌŽƉĞƌƚŝĞƐŽĨƉŽůLJ;ĚŝŵĞƚŚLJůƐŝůŽdžĂŶĞͿͲ ďĂƐĞĚƉŽůLJƵƌĞĂĞůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴϭ
ϲ͘ϭ <ƵƌnjĨĂƐƐƵŶŐͬďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴϭ
ϲ͘Ϯ ŝŶůĞŝƚƵŶŐͬ/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴϯ
ϲ͘ϯ DĂƚĞƌŝĂůƵŶĚDĞƚŚŽĚĞŶͬdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚĂů͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴϳ
ϲ͘ϯ͘ϭ DĂƚĞƌŝĂůŝĞŶͬDĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴϳ
ϲ͘ϯ͘Ϯ ŚĂƌĂŬƚĞƌŝƐŝĞƌƵŶŐĚĞƐDŽůĞŬƵůĂƌŐĞǁŝĐŚƚƐͬ
ŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĂƚŝŽŶŽĨŵŽůĞĐƵůĂƌǁĞŝŐŚƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴϴ
ϲ͘ϯ͘Ϯ͘ϭdŝƚƌĂƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴϴ
ϲ͘ϯ͘Ϯ͘Ϯ'ƌƂƘĞŶĂƵƐƐĐŚůƵƐƐͲŚƌŽŵĂƚŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĞͬ
^ŝnjĞͲĞdžĐůƵƐŝŽŶŚƌŽŵĂƚŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴϵ
ϲ͘ϯ͘Ϯ͘ϯĞƐƚŝŵŵƵŶŐĚĞƌŝŶƚƌŝŶƐŝƐĐŚĞŶsŝƐŬŽƐŝƚćƚͬ
ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚŝŽŶŽĨŝŶƚƌŝŶƐŝĐǀŝƐĐŽƐŝƚLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴϵ
ϲ͘ϯ͘ϯ ^LJŶƚŚĞƐĞǀŽŶWD^ͲďĂƐŝĞƌƚĞŶWŽůLJŚĂƌŶƐƚŽĨĨͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĞŶͬ
^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐŽĨWD^ͲďĂƐĞĚƵƌĞĂĞůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϵϬ
ϲ͘ϯ͘ϰ ,ĞƌƐƚĞůůƵŶŐǀŽŶW^hͲůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌ&ŽůŝĞŶĨƺƌĚŝĞĞƐƚŝŵŵƵŶŐĚĞƌ
dƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶnjƵŶĚĚĞƌŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐĐŚĞŶŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶͬ
WƌĞƉĂƌĂƚŝŽŶŽĨW^hĞůĂƐƚŽŵĞƌĨŝůŵƐĨŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJ
ĂŶĚŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂůƉƌŽƉĞƌƚŝĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϵϭ
ϲ͘ϯ͘ϱ ĞƐƚŝŵŵƵŶŐĚĞƌdƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶnjͬDĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϵϭ
ϲ͘ϯ͘ϲ DĞƐƐƵŶŐĚĞƌŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐĐŚĞŶŝŐĞŶƐĐŚĂĨƚĞŶͬ
DĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŽĨŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂůƉƌŽƉĞƌƚŝĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϵϮ
ϲ͘ϯ͘ϳ ĞƐƚŝŵŵƵŶŐĚĞƌŝŶǀŝƚƌŽLJƚŽƚŽdžŝnjŝƚćƚͬ
ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚŝŽŶŽĨŝŶǀŝƚƌŽĐLJĐƚŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϵϮ