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Hidden threats revealed

Likumahua, Sem

DOI:

10.33612/diss.133347923

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below.

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Publication date: 2020

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

Likumahua, S. (2020). Hidden threats revealed: Potentially toxic microalga species and their associated toxins in Ambon Bay, Eastern Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.133347923

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fryxelliana. J. phycol. 49(1), 156-169.

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Bajarias, F.A., Montojo, U.M., Relox, J., Sato, S., Kodama, M., Yoshida, M., Fukoyo, Y. (2003). Paralytic shellfish poisoning due to Alexandrium minutum Halim in Nortwestern Philippines. The first joint seminar on coastal oceanography, Chiang Mai, Thailand. p. 18.

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Basti, L., Suzuki, T., Uchida, H., Kamiyama, T., Nagai, S. (2018). Thermal acclimation affects growth and lipophilic toxin production in a strain of cosmopolitan harmful alga Dinophysis acuminata. Harmful Algae. 73, 119-128.

Basti, L., Uchida, H., Matsushima, R., Watanabe, R., Suzuki, T., Yamatogi, T., Nagai, S. (2015). Influence of temperature on growth and production of pectenotoxin-2 by a monoclonal culture of Dinophysis caudata. Mar. Drugs, 13(12), 7124-7137.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-156.

Bates, S.S., Garrison, D.L., Horner, R.A. (1998). Bloom dynamics and physiology of domoic acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia species. In: Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D., Hallegraeff, G.M. (Ed.), Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, p. 267.

Bates, S.S., Hubbard, K.A., Lundholm, N., Montresor, M., Leaw, C.P. (2018).

Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011. Harmful algae, 79, 3-43.

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Anderson, C.R., Brzezinski, M.A., Washburn, L., Kudela, R. (2006). Circulation and environmental conditions during a toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia australis bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 327, 119– 133.

Anderson, C.R., Siegel, D.A., Kudela, R.M., Brzezinski, M.A., (2009). Empirical models of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms: potential use as a remote detection tool in the Santa Barbara Channel. Harmful Algae, 8(3), 478-492.

Anderson, D. M. (2009). Approaches to monitoring, control and management of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Ocean Coast. Manage. 52(7): 342-347.

Anderson, D.M., Burkholder, J.M., Cochlan, W.P., Glibert, P.M., Gobler, C.J., Heil, C.A., Kudela, R.M., Parsons, M.L., Rensel, J.E.J., Townsend, D.W., Trainer, V.L., Vargo, G.A. (2008). Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: examining linkages from selected coastal regions of the United States. Harmful Algae, 8(1): 39-53.

Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D., Hallegraeff, G.M. (2012). Progress in understanding harmful algal blooms: paradigm shifts and new technologies for research, monitoring, and management. Annual Rev. Mar. Sci. 4, 143-176.

Anderson, D.M., Couture, D.A., Kleindinst, J.L., Keafer, B A., McGillicuddy Jr, D.J., Martin, J.L., Richlen, M.L., Hickey, J.M., Solow, A.R. (2014). Understanding interannual, decadal level variability in paralytic shellfish poisoning toxicity in the Gulf of Maine: the HAB Index. Deep-Sea Res. Pt II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 103, 264-276.

Anderson, J. J., & Sapulete, D. (1981). Deep water renewal in Ambon Bay, Ambon, Indonesia. In Procedings of the Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium (Vol. 1, pp. 369-374).

APHA. (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington DC.

Armi, Z., Turki, S., Trabelsi, E., Ceredi, A., Riccardi, E., Milandri, A. (2012). Occurrence of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins in clams (Rudita pesdecussatus) from Tunis north lagoon. Environ Monit. Assess., 184: 5085–5095.

Aune, T., Sorby, R., Yasumoto, T., Ramstad, H., Landsverk, T. (2002). Comparison of oral and intraperitoneal toxicity of yessotoxin towards mice. Toxicon. 40, 77–82.

Auro, M.E. & Cochlan, W.P. (2013). Nitrogen utilization and toxin production by two diatoms of the Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima Complex: P. cuspidata and P.

fryxelliana. J. phycol. 49(1), 156-169.

Aydin, H. & Uzar, S. (2014). Distribution and abundance of modern dinoflagellate cysts from Marmara, Aegean and Eastern Seas of Turkey. J. Environ. Bio. 35(2), 413.

Aydin, H., Yürür, E.E., Uzar, S., Küçüksezgin, F. (2015). Impact of industrial pollution on recent dinoflagellate cysts in Izmir Bay (Eastern Aegean). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 94(1-2), 144-152.

Azanza, R.V. & Benico, G.A. (2013). Toxic Alexandrium blooms in fish farming sites in Bolinao, Pangasinan. J. Environ. Sci. Manag., 1: 44-49.

Azanza, R.V. & F.J.R. Taylor. (2001). Are Pyrodinium blooms in the Southeast Asian region recurring and spreading? A view at the end of the millennium. AMBIO 30: 356–364.

Azanza, R.V., Fukuyo, Y., Yap, L.G., Takayama, H. (2005). Prorocentrum minimum bloom and its possible link to a massive fish kill in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Northern Philippines. Harmful Algae, 4: 519-524.

Bajarias, F.A., Montojo, U.M., Relox, J., Sato, S., Kodama, M., Yoshida, M., Fukoyo, Y. (2003). Paralytic shellfish poisoning due to Alexandrium minutum Halim in Nortwestern Philippines. The first joint seminar on coastal oceanography, Chiang Mai, Thailand. p. 18.

Balkis, N., Balci, M., Giannakourou, A., Venetsanopoulou, A., Mudie, P. (2016). Dinoflagellate resting cysts in recent marine sediments from the Gulf of Gemlik (Marmara Sea, Turkey) and seasonal harmful algal blooms. Phycologia, 55(2), 187-209. Band-Schmidt, C. J., Bustillos-Guzmán, J. J., López-Cortés, D. J., Gárate-Lizárraga, I.,

Núñez-Vázquez, E. J., Hernández-Sandoval, F. E. (2010). Ecological and physiological studies of Gymnodinium catenatum in the Mexican Pacific: A review. Mar. Drugs, 8(6), 1935-1961.

Band-Schmidt, C.J., Bustillos-Guzmán, J.J., Hernández-Sandoval, F.E., Núñez-Vázquez, E.J., López-Cortés, D.J. (2014). Effect of temperature on growth and paralytic toxin profiles in isolates of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) from the Pacific coast of Mexico. Toxicon, 90, 199-212.

Basti, L., Suzuki, T., Uchida, H., Kamiyama, T., Nagai, S. (2018). Thermal acclimation affects growth and lipophilic toxin production in a strain of cosmopolitan harmful alga Dinophysis acuminata. Harmful Algae. 73, 119-128.

Basti, L., Uchida, H., Matsushima, R., Watanabe, R., Suzuki, T., Yamatogi, T., Nagai, S. (2015). Influence of temperature on growth and production of pectenotoxin-2 by a monoclonal culture of Dinophysis caudata. Mar. Drugs, 13(12), 7124-7137.

Bates, S.S. & Trainer, V.L. (2006). The ecology of harmful diatoms. In: Graneli, E., Turner, J.T. (Ed.), Ecology of Harmful Algae. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 440.

Bates, S.S., Bird, C.J., de Freitas, A.S.W., Foxall, R., Gilgan, M., Hanic, L.A., Johnson, G.R., McCullough, A.W., Odense, P., Pocklington, R., Quilliam, M.A., Sim, P.G., Smith, J.C., Subba Rao, D.V., Todd, E.C.D., Walter, J.A., Wright, J.L.C. (1989). Pennate diatom Nitzschia pungens as the primary source of domoic acid, a toxin in shellfish from eastern Prince Edward Island, Canada. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46, 1203–1215,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-156.

Bates, S.S., Garrison, D.L., Horner, R.A. (1998). Bloom dynamics and physiology of domoic acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia species. In: Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D., Hallegraeff, G.M. (Ed.), Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, p. 267.

Bates, S.S., Hubbard, K.A., Lundholm, N., Montresor, M., Leaw, C.P. (2018).

Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011. Harmful algae, 79, 3-43.

Bazzoni, A.M., Mudadu, A.G., Lorenzoni, G., Soro, B., Bardino, N., Arras, I., Sanna, G., Vodret, B., Bazzardi, R., Marongiu, E., Virgilio, S. (2018). Detection of Dinophysis species and associated okadaic acid in farmed shellfish: A two-year study from the western Mediterranean area. J. Vet. Res. 62 (2), 137-144.

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Hinder, S.L., Hays, G.C., Edwards, M., Roberts, E.C., Walne, A.W., Gravenor, M.B. (2012). Changes in marine dinoflagellate and diatom abundance under climate change. Nat. Clim. Change, 2(4), 271-275.

Hoagland P. & Scatasta S. (2006). The economic effects of harmful algal blooms, Chapter 30. In: Granéli E, Turner J, editors. Ecology of harmful algae. Ecology studies series. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer-Verlag.

Holmes, M.J., Bolch, C.J., Green, D.H., Cembella, A.D., Teo, S.L.M. (2002). Singapore isolates of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) produce a unique profile of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins1. J. Phycol. 38(1), 96-106.

Hu, C., Cannizzaro, J., Carder, K., Lee, Z., Muller-Karger, F.E., Soto, I. (2011). Red tide detection in the eastern Gulf of Mexico using MODIS imagery. Handbook of Satellite

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Gymnodinium catenatum in response to changes in inorganic nutrients and salinity. J. Plankton Res. 18, 2093–2111.

Furey, A., O’Doherty, S., O’Callaghan, K., Lehane, M., James, K.J. (2010). Azaspiracid poisoning (AZP) toxins in shellfish: Toxicological and health considerations. Toxicon, 56 (2): 173- 190.

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Fux, E., González-Gil, S., Lunven, M., Gentien, P., Hess, P. (2010) Production of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins and pectenotoxins at depths within and below the euphotic zone. Toxicon. 56, 1487−1496.

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Garate-Lizarraga, I. & Gonzales-Armas, R. (2011). Occurrence of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum along the southern coast of the Baja California Peninsula. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 62: 626–630.

Gárate-Lizárraga, I., Bustillos-Guzmán, J.J., Morquecho, L., Band-Schmidt, C.J., Alonso-Rodríguez, R., Erler, K., Lucas, B., Reyes-Salinas, A., Góngora-González, D.T. (2005). Comparative paralytic shellfish toxin profiles in the strains of Gymnodinium catenatum Graham from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50(2), 211-217.

Gedaria, A.I., Lukas, B., Reinhardt, K., Azanza, R.V. (2007). Growth response and toxin concentration of cultured Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum to varying salinity and temperature conditions. Toxicon 50: 518–529.

Glibert, P.M. (2016). Algal Blooms. Encyclopedia of Estuaries. Pp: 7-16.

González-Pola, C., Fernández-Díaz, J.M., Lavín, A., 2007. Vertical structure of the upper ocean from profiles fitted to physically consistent functional forms. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I. 54(11), 1985-2004.

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Hallegraeff, G.M. (2005). Harmful Algal Blooms: A Global Overview. In Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae; Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D., Eds.; Imprimerie Landais: Paris, France, 2005; pp. 25–49.

Hallegraeff, G.M. and Lucas, I.A.N. (1988). The marine dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis (Dinophyceae): photosynthetic, neritic and non-photosynthetic, oceanic species. Phycologia. 27 (1), 25-42.

Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D. (Eds.), (2003). Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology. UNESCO Publishing. Hallegraeff, G.M., Blackburn, S.I., Doblin, M.A., Bolch, C.J.S. (2012). Global toxicology, ecophysiology and population relationships of the chain forming PST dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum. Harmful Algae, 14, 130-143.

Hansen, L.R., í Soylu, S., Kotaki, Y., Moestrup, Ø., Lundholm, N. (2011). Toxin production and temperature-induced morphological variation of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata from the Arctic. Harmful Algae, 10(6), 689-696.

Hattenrath-Lehmann, T.K., Marcoval, M.A., Berry, D.L., Fire, S., Wang, Z., Morton, S.L., Gobler, C.J. (2013). The emergence of Dinophysis acuminata blooms and DSP toxins in shellfish in New York waters. Harmful Algae. 26, 33-44.

He, X., Chen, J., Wu, D., Wang, J., Xin, M., Liu, L., Sun, P., Wang, B. (2020). Occurrence, distribution, source, and influencing factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 150, 110789.

Head, M.J. (1996). Modern dinoflagellate cysts and their biological affinities. In J. Jansonius & D. C. McGregor (Eds.), Palinology: Principles and applications (Vol. 3, pp. 1197–1248). Dallas: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation.

Hess, P. (2010). Requirements for screening and confirmatory methods for the detection and quantification of marine biotoxins in end-product and official control. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 397, 1683–1694.

Hinder, S.L., Hays, G.C., Edwards, M., Roberts, E.C., Walne, A.W., Gravenor, M.B. (2012). Changes in marine dinoflagellate and diatom abundance under climate change. Nat. Clim. Change, 2(4), 271-275.

Hoagland P. & Scatasta S. (2006). The economic effects of harmful algal blooms, Chapter 30. In: Granéli E, Turner J, editors. Ecology of harmful algae. Ecology studies series. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer-Verlag.

Holmes, M.J., Bolch, C.J., Green, D.H., Cembella, A.D., Teo, S.L.M. (2002). Singapore isolates of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) produce a unique profile of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins1. J. Phycol. 38(1), 96-106.

Hu, C., Cannizzaro, J., Carder, K., Lee, Z., Muller-Karger, F.E., Soto, I. (2011). Red tide detection in the eastern Gulf of Mexico using MODIS imagery. Handbook of Satellite

(11)

Remote Sensing Image Interpretation: Applications for Marine Living Resources Conservation and Management.

Hu, T., LeBlanc, P., Burton, I. W., Walter, J. A., McCarron, P., Melanson, J. E., Strangman, W.K., Wright, J. L. (2017). Sulfated diesters of okadaic acid and DTX-1: Self-protective precursors of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins. Harmful Algae, 63, 85-93. ICES. (2006). Report on the ICES/IOC workshop on new and classic techniques for the

determination of numerical abundance and biovolume of HAB species – evaluation of the cost, time-efficiency and intercalibration methods (WKNCT), 22–27 August 2005, Kristineberg, Sweden. ICES CM 2005/C:10.

Ikhsani, I.Y., Abdul, M.S., Lekalette, J.D. (2016). Distribusi fosfat dan nitrat di Teluk Ambon bagian dalam pada musim barat dan timur. Widyariset, 2(2), 86-95. (in Indonesian, with English abstract).

Ikhsani, I.Y., Siahaya, D.M., Saputra, F.R., Likumahua, S. (2017). Coastal Acidification as nutrients over enrichment impact: A case study in Ambon Bay, Indonesia. Omni-Akuatika, 13(1).

Jacobson, D.M. & Anderson, D.M. (1986). Thecate heterophic dinoflagellates: feeding behavior and mechanisms 1. J. Phycol. 22(3), 249-258.

James, K. J., Carey, B., O’halloran, J., van Pelt, F. N. A. M., Kova, Z.S. (2010). Shellfish toxicity: human health implications of marine algal toxins. Epidemiol. Infect.,138: 927– 940.

Jauffrais, T., Kilcoyne, J., Herrenknecht, C., Truquet, P., Sechet, V., Miles, C.O., Hess, P. (2013). Dissolved azaspiracids are absorbed and metabolized by blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Toxicon Off. J. Int. Soc. Toxinol. 65: 81–89

Jiang, H., Kulis, D.M., Brosnahan, M.L., Anderson, D.M. (2018). Behavioral and mechanistic characteristics of the predator-prey interaction between the dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata and the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. Harmful Algae. 77, 43-54.

Joyce, T. M., McGuigan, K. G., Elmore-Meegan, M., Conroy, R. M. (2013). Food poisoning from marine toxins. CDC Health Information for International Travel 2014: The Yellow

Book, 100(8), 91.

Kamiyama, T., & Suzuki, T. (2009). Production of dinophysistoxin-1 and pectenotoxin-2 by a culture of Dinophysis acuminata (Dinophyceae). Harmful Algae, 8: 312–317.

Karlen, D.J. & Campbell, K. (2012). The distribution of Pyrodinium bahamense cysts in Old Tampa Bay sediments. Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsbor-ough County Summary Report to the Tampa Bay Estuary Program 41 pp.

Kibler, S.R., Tester, P.A., Kunkel, K.E., Moore, S.K., Litaker, R.W. (2015). Effects of ocean warming on growth and distribution of dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera fish poisoning in the Caribbean. Ecological Modelling, 316, 194-210.

Kilcoyne, J., Twiner, M.J., McCarron, P., Crain, S., Giddings, S.D., Foley, B., Rise, F., Hess, P., Wilkins, A.L., Miles, C.O. (2015). Structure elucidation, relative LC-MS response and in vitro toxicity of azaspiracids 7-10 isolated from mussels (Mytilus edulis). J. Agric. Food Chem. In press. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01320.

Kim, J.H., Park, B.S., Kim, J.H., Wang, P., Han, M.S. (2015). Intraspecific diversity and distribution of the cosmopolitan species Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Bacillariophyceae): morphology, genetics, and ecophysiology of the three clades. J. Phycol., 51: 159−172. Kim, S.Y., Moon, C.H., Cho, H.J., Lim, D.I. (2009). Dinoflagellate cysts in coastal sediments

as indicators of eutrophication: a case of Gwangyang Bay, South Sea of Korea. Estuar. Coast., 32(6), 1225-1233.

Klein, C., Claquin, P., Bouchart, V., Le Roy, B., Véron, B. (2010). Dynamics of

Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and domoic acid production in a macrotidal ecosystem of the Eastern

English Channel (Normandy, France). Harmful Algae, 9(2), 218-226.

Kok, J.W.K. & Leong, S.C.Y. (2012). Growth and physiological responses of the Singapore strain of Heterosigma to various nitrogen sources and light conditions. In OCEANS, 2012- Yeosu (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

Krock, B., Seguel, C.G., Cembella, A.D. (2007). Toxin profile of Alexandrium catenella from the Chilean coast as determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Harmful Algae, 6(5), 734-744.

Krock, B., Seguel, C.G., Valderrama, K., Tillmann, U. (2009). Pectenotoxins and yessotoxin from Arica Bay, North Chile as determined by tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicon, 54(3), 364-367.

Krock, B., Tillmann, U., John, U., Cembella, A.D. (2008). LC-MS/MS on board ship – tandem mass spectrometry in the search for phycotoxins and novel toxigenic plankton from the North Sea. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 392, 797–803.

Krock, B., Tillmann, U., Witt, M., Gu, H. (2014). Azaspiracid variability of Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) from the China Sea. Harmful Algae, 36: 22-28.

Laabir, M., Collos, Y., Masseret, E., Grzebyk, D., Abadie, E., Savar, V., Sibat, M., Amzil, Z. (2013). Influence of environmental factors on the paralytic shellfish toxin content and profile of Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae) isolated from the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Drugs, 11(5), 1583-1601.

Landsberg, J.H. (2002). The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms. Rev. Fish Sci.10: 113-390.

Leandro, L.F., Teegarden, G.J., Roth, P.B., Wang, Z., Doucette, G.J. (2010). The copepod

Calanus finmarchicus: a potential vector for trophic transfer of the marine algal biotoxin,

domoic acid. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 382(2), 88-95.

Lefebvre, K.A. & Robertson, A. (2010). Domoic acid and human exposure risks: a review. Toxicon, 56(2), 218-230.

Legendre, P. & Birks, H.J.B. (2012). From classical to canonical ordination. In Tracking environmental change using lake sediments (pp. 201-248). Springer, Dordrecht.

Lelong, A., Hégaret, H., Soudant, P., Bates, S.S. (2012). Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) species, domoic acid and amnesic shellfish poisoning: Revisiting previous paradigms. Phycologia, 51, 168–216.

Lema, K.A., Latimier, M., Nézan, É., Fauchot, J., Le Gac, M. (2017). Inter and intra-specific growth and domoic acid production in relation to nutrient ratios and concentrations in Pseudo-nitzschia: phosphate an important factor. Harmful Algae, 64, 11-19.

(12)

Remote Sensing Image Interpretation: Applications for Marine Living Resources Conservation and Management.

Hu, T., LeBlanc, P., Burton, I. W., Walter, J. A., McCarron, P., Melanson, J. E., Strangman, W.K., Wright, J. L. (2017). Sulfated diesters of okadaic acid and DTX-1: Self-protective precursors of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins. Harmful Algae, 63, 85-93. ICES. (2006). Report on the ICES/IOC workshop on new and classic techniques for the

determination of numerical abundance and biovolume of HAB species – evaluation of the cost, time-efficiency and intercalibration methods (WKNCT), 22–27 August 2005, Kristineberg, Sweden. ICES CM 2005/C:10.

Ikhsani, I.Y., Abdul, M.S., Lekalette, J.D. (2016). Distribusi fosfat dan nitrat di Teluk Ambon bagian dalam pada musim barat dan timur. Widyariset, 2(2), 86-95. (in Indonesian, with English abstract).

Ikhsani, I.Y., Siahaya, D.M., Saputra, F.R., Likumahua, S. (2017). Coastal Acidification as nutrients over enrichment impact: A case study in Ambon Bay, Indonesia. Omni-Akuatika, 13(1).

Jacobson, D.M. & Anderson, D.M. (1986). Thecate heterophic dinoflagellates: feeding behavior and mechanisms 1. J. Phycol. 22(3), 249-258.

James, K. J., Carey, B., O’halloran, J., van Pelt, F. N. A. M., Kova, Z.S. (2010). Shellfish toxicity: human health implications of marine algal toxins. Epidemiol. Infect.,138: 927– 940.

Jauffrais, T., Kilcoyne, J., Herrenknecht, C., Truquet, P., Sechet, V., Miles, C.O., Hess, P. (2013). Dissolved azaspiracids are absorbed and metabolized by blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Toxicon Off. J. Int. Soc. Toxinol. 65: 81–89

Jiang, H., Kulis, D.M., Brosnahan, M.L., Anderson, D.M. (2018). Behavioral and mechanistic characteristics of the predator-prey interaction between the dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata and the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. Harmful Algae. 77, 43-54.

Joyce, T. M., McGuigan, K. G., Elmore-Meegan, M., Conroy, R. M. (2013). Food poisoning from marine toxins. CDC Health Information for International Travel 2014: The Yellow

Book, 100(8), 91.

Kamiyama, T., & Suzuki, T. (2009). Production of dinophysistoxin-1 and pectenotoxin-2 by a culture of Dinophysis acuminata (Dinophyceae). Harmful Algae, 8: 312–317.

Karlen, D.J. & Campbell, K. (2012). The distribution of Pyrodinium bahamense cysts in Old Tampa Bay sediments. Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsbor-ough County Summary Report to the Tampa Bay Estuary Program 41 pp.

Kibler, S.R., Tester, P.A., Kunkel, K.E., Moore, S.K., Litaker, R.W. (2015). Effects of ocean warming on growth and distribution of dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera fish poisoning in the Caribbean. Ecological Modelling, 316, 194-210.

Kilcoyne, J., Twiner, M.J., McCarron, P., Crain, S., Giddings, S.D., Foley, B., Rise, F., Hess, P., Wilkins, A.L., Miles, C.O. (2015). Structure elucidation, relative LC-MS response and in vitro toxicity of azaspiracids 7-10 isolated from mussels (Mytilus edulis). J. Agric. Food Chem. In press. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01320.

Kim, J.H., Park, B.S., Kim, J.H., Wang, P., Han, M.S. (2015). Intraspecific diversity and distribution of the cosmopolitan species Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Bacillariophyceae): morphology, genetics, and ecophysiology of the three clades. J. Phycol., 51: 159−172. Kim, S.Y., Moon, C.H., Cho, H.J., Lim, D.I. (2009). Dinoflagellate cysts in coastal sediments

as indicators of eutrophication: a case of Gwangyang Bay, South Sea of Korea. Estuar. Coast., 32(6), 1225-1233.

Klein, C., Claquin, P., Bouchart, V., Le Roy, B., Véron, B. (2010). Dynamics of

Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and domoic acid production in a macrotidal ecosystem of the Eastern

English Channel (Normandy, France). Harmful Algae, 9(2), 218-226.

Kok, J.W.K. & Leong, S.C.Y. (2012). Growth and physiological responses of the Singapore strain of Heterosigma to various nitrogen sources and light conditions. In OCEANS, 2012- Yeosu (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

Krock, B., Seguel, C.G., Cembella, A.D. (2007). Toxin profile of Alexandrium catenella from the Chilean coast as determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Harmful Algae, 6(5), 734-744.

Krock, B., Seguel, C.G., Valderrama, K., Tillmann, U. (2009). Pectenotoxins and yessotoxin from Arica Bay, North Chile as determined by tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicon, 54(3), 364-367.

Krock, B., Tillmann, U., John, U., Cembella, A.D. (2008). LC-MS/MS on board ship – tandem mass spectrometry in the search for phycotoxins and novel toxigenic plankton from the North Sea. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 392, 797–803.

Krock, B., Tillmann, U., Witt, M., Gu, H. (2014). Azaspiracid variability of Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) from the China Sea. Harmful Algae, 36: 22-28.

Laabir, M., Collos, Y., Masseret, E., Grzebyk, D., Abadie, E., Savar, V., Sibat, M., Amzil, Z. (2013). Influence of environmental factors on the paralytic shellfish toxin content and profile of Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae) isolated from the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Drugs, 11(5), 1583-1601.

Landsberg, J.H. (2002). The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms. Rev. Fish Sci.10: 113-390.

Leandro, L.F., Teegarden, G.J., Roth, P.B., Wang, Z., Doucette, G.J. (2010). The copepod

Calanus finmarchicus: a potential vector for trophic transfer of the marine algal biotoxin,

domoic acid. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 382(2), 88-95.

Lefebvre, K.A. & Robertson, A. (2010). Domoic acid and human exposure risks: a review. Toxicon, 56(2), 218-230.

Legendre, P. & Birks, H.J.B. (2012). From classical to canonical ordination. In Tracking environmental change using lake sediments (pp. 201-248). Springer, Dordrecht.

Lelong, A., Hégaret, H., Soudant, P., Bates, S.S. (2012). Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) species, domoic acid and amnesic shellfish poisoning: Revisiting previous paradigms. Phycologia, 51, 168–216.

Lema, K.A., Latimier, M., Nézan, É., Fauchot, J., Le Gac, M. (2017). Inter and intra-specific growth and domoic acid production in relation to nutrient ratios and concentrations in Pseudo-nitzschia: phosphate an important factor. Harmful Algae, 64, 11-19.

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