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Tekst 1
Angling
Sport England has just announced that it is handing out its largest-ever subsidy to angling, £1.8m. It wants to encourage more anglers and get them to fish more often. It also wants to establish a national competition structure. Part of Sport England’s money comes from the National Lottery, and its other source is the Treasury. In times of national austerity, it is a scandal that taxpayers are paying for what poet Lord Byron said was “the cruellest, the coldest and the stupidest of pretended sports”.
Susan Walker Manchester
independent.co.uk, 2013
Let op: beantwoord een open vraag altijd in het Nederlands, behalve als het anders is aangegeven. Als je in het Engels antwoordt, levert dat 0 punten op.
Tekst 1 Angling
“Sport England (…) is handing out its largest-ever subsidy to angling”
1p 1 Welk woord uit de tekst maakt duidelijk wat Susan Walker hiervan vindt?
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Tekst 2
Tall order
It’s a sad day when a superhero can’t even scale a skyscraper when he wants to. Last week, the owner and developer of the Shard of London Bridge Quarter (LBQ) in London took out an injunction against French climber Alain Robert to prevent him ‘entering the Shard site or attempting to climb the building’.
Robert, otherwise known as the ‘French Spider-Man’ due to his penchant for climbing some of the world’s tallest buildings without a rope or harness, has previously scaled the Sydney Opera House, the Empire State Building and the 2,717-ft Buj Khalifa in Dubai – the world’s tallest manmade structure.
According to Robert, he was apparently spotted by security staff as he was checking
out the 1,016-ft building. A spokesperson for LBQ gave us the following statement: ‘As LBQ takes its responsibility to health and safety extremely seriously we have sought to prevent Mr Robert from attempting to climb the Shard.’
But will an injunction stop him? Given that most of his previous climbs haven’t been given the legal go-ahead, we doubt it.
Time Out, 2012
Tekst 2 Tall order
1p 2 What can be concluded about Alain Robert based on this text?
A He is going to climb the Shard as soon as official permission is given.
B He is likely to climb the Shard, even though its owners forbid it. C He wants to climb the Shard only if the right precautions are taken.
D He was arrested while attempting to climb the Shard illegally. E He was asked to climb the Shard, but turned down this request.
1p 3 What is the writer’s attitude towards Alain Robert’s actions?
A clearly annoyed B quite envious
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Tekst 3
Louis C.K. wasn’t prepared for his Emmy nomination
By Joe Flint1 Like the character in his comedy show Louie, Louis C.K. was ready for bad news when the Emmy Award nominations were announced Thursday morning.
2 “I was expecting to be disappointed,” said C.K., who was nominated for lead actor in a comedy series. Louie has become a cult hit for cable TV network FX. A dark show starring C.K. as a somewhat depressed comedian struggling to make sense of the world around him, Louie is not the type of comedy that the sometimes
conservative Academy of Television Arts &
Sciences Emmy voters typically embrace. Besides being peppered with language that is raw even for cable, Louie is unafraid to address taboo topics in the raunchiest of ways. His character often finds himself in awkward situations with results that
swing seamlessly between the comic and the tragic.
3 C.K. attributes his success among critics and viewers to the network’s creative freedom – an atmosphere that encourages him to explore his inner demons and put it all on the screen. “It takes a huge amount of courage on their part, that’s why I’m glad to pay them back with this,” C.K. said of the network.
4 In typical C.K. mode, the comedian doesn’t give himself much of a chance of winning on Emmy night, which is slated for Sept. 18. “I’m pretty outclassed there,” he said of his fellow acting nominees, which include Steve Carell of The Office and Alec Baldwin of 30 Rock. But even if he doesn’t get a statue, C.K. figures he and network FX have already won. “We don’t expect to get serious consideration. Still, that doesn’t matter. We’ve proven that if you spend a hundredth of the money the big
networks do, you can land at the same place.”
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Tekst 3 Louis C.K. wasn’t prepared for his Emmy nomination
“‘I was expecting to be disappointed’” (paragraph 2)
1p 4 Why did Louis C.K. say this?
A He feared the character in his show had turned out to be an
embarrassing person.
B He knew his show had been given bad reviews in many of the
mainstream papers.
C He realised that the show he had created caused a lot of public
indignation.
D He thought his show would be considered too outspoken to be
nominated for an award.
1p 5 What is the main point made in paragraph 3?
A Despite his problems, Louis C.K. has created a commercial success. B Network FX gave Louis C.K. the artistic independence needed to
succeed.
C The average viewer dislikes being told by critics which shows to like. D Unlike many of its rivals, network FX is a financially sound company.
“C.K. figures he and network FX have already won” (alinea 4)
1p 6 In welke zin uit alinea 3 of 4 wordt duidelijk waarom Louis C.K. dit vindt?
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Tekst 4
Ending eradication
1 There are few ideas as powerful as the eradication of a human disease. But the euphoria around the world’s single success to date – that of smallpox – has led to ever more costly efforts to do the same for polio. World leaders need either to radically step up their commitment or have the courage to abandon the goal explicitly.
2 There have been undeniable and extraordinary achievements. The development and widespread use of polio vaccines in the second half of the 20th century has eliminated the disease in all but a handful of
countries, cutting annual infections around the world from 350,000 to about 1,000. However, the budget to date exceeds $8bn. Over the past decade alone, eradication costs have tripled to nearly $1bn a year. For that amount of money, many more lives could have been saved through providing drugs and vaccines for other diseases, let alone better health systems and improved sanitation. Without such structural change, tackling polio alone looks difficult.
3 Meanwhile, single-minded polio campaigns – often several each year in countries like Pakistan – are placing enormous burdens on thinly stretched healthcare staff in some of the world’s poorest countries. That costs lives by distracting them from providing treatment and prevention of other diseases.
4 Abandoning polio campaigns overnight would lead to a damaging resurgence in infection, wasting the money invested so far. But if
eradication is to be given a last chance, it needs 9 . That means the development and use of improved and differentiated polio vaccines, and their integration into wider childhood vaccination programmes. It also means holding more closely to account both the managements of the eradication campaigns, and the political leaders in those countries most affected.
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Tekst 4 Ending eradication
1p 7 What is said about polio in paragraph 1?
A Governments should revise their policy towards it.
B It is a far greater threat to our health than smallpox. C Politicians no longer want to finance research for it.
D Scientists are on the brink of finding a cure for it.
2p 8 Geef van elk van de volgende beweringen aan of deze juist of onjuist is
volgens alinea 2 en 3.
1 Het geld dat wereldwijd besteed is aan de bestrijding van polio, heeft nog niet het gewenste resultaat opgeleverd.
2 Door de aandacht uitsluitend op polio te richten komt men in sommige landen minder aan de bestrijding van andere ziektes toe.
3 Medisch personeel dat ingezet wordt voor poliocampagnes, zou meer inspraak moeten krijgen in het te voeren beleid.
4 In veel ontwikkelingslanden ontbreekt het aan lokale deskundigen op het gebied van poliobestrijding.
Noteer het nummer van elke bewering gevolgd door “juist” of “onjuist”.
1p 9 Which of the following fits the gap in paragraph 4?
A increased funding
B more specialists C public support
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Tekst 5
Taste stubbed out
Sue Dunlevy and Petra Starke
CIGARETTES not only look plain – smokers are complaining they taste worse since in Australia plain packaging has become mandatory. Smokers have been telling advice group Quitline their cigarettes taste ‘pathetic’, ‘sickening’ and lack flavour now they come in dirty brown packets dominated by warnings.
Marketing experts say the issue highlights the 10 consumers’ perceptions. Both Imperial Tobacco Australia and British American Tobacco say they have not changed the blend of any of the tobacco products and that the taste of the cigarettes is exactly the same. Quitline, however, said it was hearing people who were convinced the flavour of cigarettes had changed.
Herald Sun, 2012
Tekst 5 Taste stubbed out
1p 10 Which of the following fits the gap?
A influence of the media on
B interest of health organisations in
C power of branding on
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Tekst 6
Is meat the fix?
1 I was disappointed you gave so much space to an article on John Nicholson’s book The Meat Fix (22 February). At best, his experiences are anecdotal.
2 I am in my fifties and have been vegan for over 40 years. I still play
football and tennis every week, and I am able to beat much younger meat-eating opponents. People often assume I am younger than I am. I have two children who play football, tennis and cricket, are in their top PE groups and play for their school teams. They are slightly above average height and of average build, and are both taller than their parents. They have been vegan since birth.
3 It takes 2,400 gallons of water to produce 1lb of meat, yet it only takes 25 gallons to produce 1lb of wheat. We live in a world of over 7 billion people where more than a billion people go to sleep every night hungry and thirsty. Meat is a selfish, inefficient way of producing food.
4 The conclusions reached in The Meat Fix are preposterous. If his claims were true we’d see vegans and vegetarians crawling along the pavements on their way back from spending their benefits, because presumably they haven’t the strength to work.
Ron Grainger
Halifax, West Yorkshire
John Nicholson’s The Meat Fix (22 February) gives the impression that vegetarian and vegan diets are bad for your health. Nothing could be further from the truth. Scientific studies have repeatedly linked the vegan diet to lower levels of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, cholesterol and certain types of cancer. Besides, the exact details of Nicholson’s diet were conspicuously absent from the article. An unbalanced diet of any kind can have adverse consequences. His is just one case and does not reflect the experiences of the majority of vegans who live healthy, active lives.
Ben Martin Tonbridge, Kent
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Tekst 6 Is meat the fix?
1p 11 What point is made about vegans in paragraph 2?
A They are often ambitious and successful athletes.
B They can be fit and develop healthy physiques.
C They find it annoying to have to explain their principles.
D They lead more rewarding lives than non-vegans. E They strongly disapprove of people who eat meat.
1p 12 What is the function of paragraph 3?
A to add a point to the one made in paragraph 2 B to analyse one of the points made in paragraph 2
C to illustrate the point made in paragraph 2 D to modify the point made in paragraph 2
1p 13 Welke van de volgende stijlfiguren gebruikt Ron Grainger in alinea 4?
A herhaling B opsomming
C overdrijving D relativering
“At best, his experiences are anecdotal.” (alinea 1)
Ben Martin (tweede brief) maakt een opmerking die op hetzelfde neerkomt.
1p 14 Citeer de eerste twee woorden van de zin waarin dit gebeurt. 1p 15 What becomes clear in the second letter?
Ben Martin criticises John Nicholson for
A deliberately misinterpreting important scientific evidence. B denying that he adopted unhealthy eating habits.
C failing to give sufficient information about the food he consumed. D neglecting to mention why he writes about veganism.
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Tekst 7
movie review
A chimp’s life revisited
adapted from an article by Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times Film Critic 1 In late November 1973, a young woman
from New York went to Oklahoma to adopt the newest and youngest member of her family. It wasn’t a human baby she was bringing home to Manhattan, however, but rather a 2-week-old chimpanzee, destined to be part of an audacious project to see if a member of another species could be taught to communicate with humans. The unforeseen ways that notion played out
over the next two dozen years is the subject of James Marsh’s unsettling “Project Nim”. What happened between that chimp and the humans with whom he spent his life in intimate contact turns out to be only half the story that Marsh has to tell. 2 Marsh is a superb interviewer, and the key participants in Nim’s story are far
enough removed in time to be candid about what happened but not so far away to have forgotten the details. 17 he has a weakness for occasional
unsatisfactory dramatizations, Marsh also makes excellent use of the large amount of still and movie footage shot then that shows us exactly what Nim and his human hosts were up to.
3 It was Columbia University behavioral psychologist Herbert Terrace who came up with the idea of placing a chimp in a human family to see if it could be taught American Sign Language. Stephanie LaFarge, one of Terrace’s former graduate students, was Nim’s original surrogate mother. She had recently
remarried, and her blended family of seven children lived in an apartment in New York that became Nim’s new home. If you’re thinking this was a group decision, you would be wrong. “There was no discussion, it just happened,” remembers Jenny Lee, LaFarge’s daughter. And her mother, who admits she “liked the freedom to defy expectations and authority,” makes no bones about the fact that “my appetite and drive to have an intimate relationship with an animal was unstoppable.”
4 Not surprisingly, this drive ran into some real-world problems. For one thing, LaFarge was not prepared for what she calls “the wild animal in Nim,” and LaFarge’s husband didn’t expect the outright hostility from a chimp genetically inclined to 19 male authority figures.
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Petitto. The philosophical differences between her and LaFarge were so intense that the distaste each one feels for the other is undiminished to this day.
6 While even these few events are emotional enough to bring a scientific drama to a boil, more was in store for Nim, much more. There was significant turnover in caregivers, multiple changes of location, even radical alterations in Terrace’s thinking about whether chimps could in fact be taught to learn language in any meaningful way. Trapped in a world he never made, a no-man’s land between species, Nim did the best he could, and even doing that much turned out to be difficult.
7 Looking back on Nim now, LaFarge feels “we had done so much damage removing him from what his life should have been, it was wrong.” Speaking even more strongly is Joyce Butler, one of his signing teachers. “We did a huge
disservice to him and his soul, and shame on us,” she says, just about in tears, and seeing this eye-opening film makes it impossible to argue the point. No wonder it won the best directing award for world documentary at Sundance.
Los Angeles Times, 2011
Tekst 7 A chimp’s life revisited
1p 16 What is said about the documentary “‘Project Nim’” in paragraph 1?
A It is a factual report about the potential of chimpanzees to understand
human language.
B It is an account of a disturbing experiment in which a chimpanzee was
raised by humans.
C It is an accusation made against people wanting to adopt a
chimpanzee baby.
D It is a romanticised tale about the bond between a chimpanzee and
human foster parents.
1p 17 Which of the following fits the gap in paragraph 2?
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2p 18 Geef van elk van de volgende beweringen over Stephanie LaFarge aan of
deze juist of onjuist is volgens alinea 3.
1 Ze bedacht het experiment met Nim als onderdeel van haar afstudeeronderzoek.
2 Ze had de neiging om uit te proberen hoe ver ze kon gaan.
3 Ze nam de beslissing om Nim in huis te nemen zonder overleg met haar huisgenoten.
4 Ze was meer geïnteresseerd in haar wetenschappelijke carrière dan in het welzijn van Nim.
Noteer het nummer van elke bewering gevolgd door “juist” of “onjuist”.
1p 19 Which of the following fits the gap in paragraph 4? A bond with
B challenge C copy
1p 20 What is the main point made in paragraph 5?
A Herbert Terrace’s character made him an unsuitable and unsuccessful
project leader.
B LaFarge refused to accept having the much younger Petitto as her
supervisor.
C The experiment failed because the parties involved lacked research
experience.
D The scientific experiment was characterized by intense personal
disagreements.
1p 21 What becomes clear from paragraph 6?
A Despite the rather unfavourable circumstances, Nim developed into a
happy animal.
B If the participants had been in stable relationships the experiment
could have worked.
C Nim’s ordeal was worsened by the fact that research conditions varied
continuously.
D Terrace’s theories about how to communicate with chimpanzees were
clearly faulty.
“No wonder it won the best directing award for world documentary at Sundance.” (laatste zin)
1p 22 Is er een alinea die beschrijft wat deze documentaire zo goed maakt
volgens Kenneth Turan?
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Tekst 8
Would You Let Your Teen Become a Reality Show?
based on a blog by Sherry Davey
1 Recently, I had a producer from a well-known, daily, nationally syndicated talk show contact me about doing an episode on teenagers with bad manners based on my blog (on the very same topic). My daughter and her friends were the
driving force behind the blog and the producers wanted me to basically hand over my daughter for the episode. I turned them down immediately for many reasons – the main one being that I don’t want her experiencing that 15 minutes of fame based on her bad behavior, nor do I want her being exposed in the mass media because of it.
2 However, their request did give me pause. Firstly, I was thrilled that a producer from a well-known television show is reading my blog. The sad realization is that my malcontent daughter and her misadventures are striking a chord with readers and TV producers looking for content! The show’s segment was going to be shot reality-style and then a therapist was going to be called in to give us both
feedback on my daughter’s lack of manners. I guess the episode was going to be on etiquette or the lack thereof in teens today.
3 I’m all for the ‘collective learning’ experience in our global society, but not at the expense of children, nor at mine. How shameful would it be for me to be the mother-of-the-worst-behaved-teen-in-America?? Believe me, it was a huge compliment to receive an email of interest from a network show but the reality is, it wouldn’t do my daughter much good to be on a reality show. Most reality shows aren’t about learning at all.
4 Consider The Real Housewives of New York or New Jersey and you’ll see, the
episodes are chock full of badly behaved adults and deliciously embarrassing experiences. They’re fun to watch but would you want your child to be the focus of one? I don’t think so. Would you want your daughter to be ridiculed by the
Millionaire Matchmaker? Would you want your son to be rejected on Top Chef?
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their worst? When will embarrassing experiences become private again? Are reality shows the modern equivalent of the Roman Colliseum? Give me an original series with real actors any day.
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Tekst 8 Would you let your teen become a reality show?
“I turned them down immediately” (paragraph 1)
1p 23 Why did Sherry Davey do this?
A She did not want her daughter to star on TV for the wrong reasons. B She disliked the idea of her daughter becoming famous.
C She feared her daughter would act inappropriately on the show. D She thought people would accuse her of spoiling her daughter.
E She was afraid the TV show would create bad publicity for her blog.
1p 24 Which of the following statement(s) is/are in line with paragraph 2?
1 Sherry Davey distrusts advice given by psycho-therapists who star in TV reality shows.
2 Sherry Davey felt flattered because a TV-hotshot was interested in her writing.
A only 1
B only 2
C both 1 and 2
D neither 1 nor 2
1p 25 How does paragraph 4 relate to paragraph 3?
A Paragraph 4 illustrates the point made in paragraph 3.
B Paragraph 4 modifies the point made in paragraph 3. C Paragraph 4 questions the point made in paragraph 3.
D Paragraph 4 undermines the point made in paragraph 3.
1p 26 Which of the following fits the gap in paragraph 5?
A been furious
B done great C felt silly
D run away E said yes
1p 27 What do the questions in the second half of paragraph 6 make clear?
A Sherry Davey admits she likes watching people fight in talk shows. B Sherry Davey believes reality shows employ second-rate artists.
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Tekst 9
Psychology
Alone in the crowd
N THE surface, Framingham, Massachusetts looks like any other American town. Unknown to most who pass through this serene place,
however, it is a gold mine for medical research. Since 1948 three generations of residents in Framingham have
participated in regular medical examinations originally intended to study the spread of heart disease. In the years since, researchers have also used Framingham to track obesity, smoking and even happiness over long periods of time. Now a new study that uses Framingham to analyse loneliness has found that it spreads very much like a communicable disease.
Feeling lonely is more than just unpleasant for those who yearn to be surrounded by warm relationships – it is 29 . Numerous studies show that loneliness reduces fruit-fly lifespans, increases the chances of mice
developing diabetes, and causes a host of adverse effects in people, including cardiovascular disease, obesity and weakening of the immune system. Simply being surrounded by others is 30 . In people, the mere perception of being isolated is more than enough to create the bad health effects. However, in spite of its significant impact, precious little is known about how loneliness moves through
communities.
Keen to shed some light on the mystery, John Cacioppo of the University of Chicago and his
colleagues turned to the Framingham data. They found that all participants in the study were routinely asked to list people who would probably know their
whereabouts in the next two to four years. Most importantly, they were asked to describe their relationship with each person as friend, spouse, sibling, neighbour or colleague. The original purpose of such questions was to help the researchers behind the heart-disease project stay in touch with participants even when they moved out of Framingham. But the loneliness team immediately recognised them as a way to 31 social interactions.
Between 1983 and 2001, even more useful information was collected by Dr Cacioppo and his colleagues, allowing them to analyse the formation and transmission of isolation.
They report in the Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology that
loneliness formed in clusters of people, and that once one person in a social network started expressing feelings of loneliness, others within this person’s network would start to feel 32 . Those who had immediate contact with lonely people were around 50% more likely than average to feel lonely themselves.
Yet these findings are only the first step. The team of researchers is starting to look at other towns and cities, to see if there are any public policies or city-planning techniques that 33 the spread of loneliness. No solutions have been discovered so far, but through the process of studying other communities the researchers have discovered that when it comes to having clusters of lonely people,
Framingham, unfortunately, is very much like any other town in America.
adapted from an article from
The Economist, 2009
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Tekst 9 Alone in the crowd
Kies bij iedere open plek in de tekst het juiste antwoord uit de gegeven mogelijkheden.
1p 29
A a chronic disease B a health risk
C the cause of depression D typical of modern times
1p 30 A an easy solution B a threat to privacy C no cure 1p 31 A change B identify C influence D promote 1p 32
A even more depressed
B instant relief C the same way
1p 33
A confirm B neglect
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Tekst 10
Het volgende fragment is het begin van de roman Lucky Break, geschreven door Esther Freud (2011)
The Chosen
Nell dressed in the same clothes she’d worn to the audition. A large blue, cotton-knit top over faded jeans, with her hair tied high, so that when she turned her head the pale ends of it swished against her face. Yes, she thought, as she checked herself in the mirror, smudging a line of black under each terrified eye, that’s good, and she held tight to the thought that however plump and freckled, she was the same girl who, six months before, had stood before the board of Drama Arts and performed a Shakespeare monologue and a modern.
‘You off?’ It was her landlord, leaning over the banister from his rooms above. Nell forced herself to smile up at him, unshaven, a mug of coffee in his hand. It embarrassed her, this unexpected involvement in her life. ‘First day,’ she told him,
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Tekst 10 Het volgende fragment…
2p 34 Geef van elk van de volgende beweringen over Nell aan of deze wel of
niet in overeenstemming is met de tekst.
1 Ze gaat die dag beginnen aan een opleiding.
2 Ze vindt het prettig dat haar huisbaas interesse toont. 3 Ze ergert zich openlijk aan de andere passagiers in de bus.
4 Ze heeft het meisje dat later in de bus stapt, al eens eerder ontmoet. Noteer het nummer van elke bewering, gevolgd door “wel” of “niet”.
1p 35 How is Nell portrayed in this fragment?
A as carefree B as clumsy C as insecure D as talented E as vain
“The Chosen” (titel van het hoofdstuk)
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Tekst 11
Big City, small sodas
1 The New York City Board of Health approved Mayor Bloomberg’s controversial soda ban prohibiting fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, movie theaters, and food carts from selling sugar-filled drinks in containers larger than 16 ounces (500ml.). While some 60 percent of New Yorkers oppose the ban, Bloomberg was pleased, tweeting that “six
months from today, our city will be an even healthier place.” But is
imposing size restrictions really the way to go? Or does it turn New York into a nanny state?
2 Obesity kills 6,000 New Yorkers every year, more than any other health issue besides smoking, says Thomas Farley at the New York Daily News. Bloomberg’s soda ban is ‘bold’ but ‘completely appropriate’: Sugary drinks are a key factor in the epidemic because they “deliver a load of sugar that has serious metabolic effects without making you feel full.” When obesity kills, it leaves children without parents; when it doesn’t, it taxes our healthcare system and leaves sufferers incapable of working. A portion cap won’t fix the obesity problem, but at least it’s a start.
3 “No one likes to be told what to do,” says Ray Fisman at Slate. “And if the city is banning super-sized soda, it won’t be long before the government will be forcing broccoli down our gullets.” As an alternative, it’s time to reconsider so-called sin taxes on unhealthy foods, which recent studies have shown to be effective. Even a “modest price difference between regular and diet soda” could prove helpful in convincing poor customers to switch drinks “rather than continuing to buy soda they can’t afford.” Just look at how effective New York City’s cigarette tax has been in helping people drop the habit.
4 In 2005, the mayor instituted a ban of all trans fats from all restaurants in the city limits. Just two years later, a New York City Health Department study found that the ban helped curb incidence of heart disease. A 2008 ruling has made similar headway. It required restaurants to post calorie counts. A study of Starbucks outlets in New York showed that customers bought 6 percent fewer calories once the new menus rolled out. Nadia Arumugam at Forbes explains: “Drawing lines, and implementing bans are not infringing on personal freedom, but helpful ways of making it easier for people to simply say No.”
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Tekst 11 Big city, small sodas
“But is imposing size restrictions really the way to go?” (alinea 1)
2p 37 Geef van elk van de volgende personen aan of deze “Ja” of “Nee”
antwoordt op deze vraag. 1 Mayor Bloomberg (alinea 1) 2 Thomas Farley (alinea 2) 3 Ray Fisman (alinea 3) 4 Nadia Arumugam (alinea 4)
Noteer het nummer van elke persoon, gevolgd door “Ja” of “Nee”. “Bloomberg’s soda ban” (alinea 2)
1p 38 Welk begrip van twee woorden later in alinea 2 verwijst naar deze ‘ban’?
Citeer dit begrip.
1p 39 Which of the following reflects the main point made in paragraph 4?
A A ban is more effective than limiting people’s choices. B Imposing limits will be counterproductive.
C Legislation on health issues has only a limited effect. D Setting limits has a proven track record.
E There is a limit to what people are willing to accept.
“A 2008 ruling” (alinea 4)
1p 40 Leg uit wat deze regeling inhield.
1p 41 Which of the following characterises this article best?
A It informs people about the reactions to a new health regulation. B It persuades people to take action against a new health regulation.
C It praises the authorities for introducing a new health regulation. D It proves why a new health regulation will certainly succeed.
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Tekst 12
Gender roles
Guy Keleny (Errors and Omissions, 8 October) made an unfortunate
choice of play to illustrate his argument about the need for gender-specific job names: “Actors and actresses are not interchangeable. Unless you are putting on a wildly experimental production, you will need an actor to play Romeo and an actress for Juliet.”
That certainly wasn’t the case when Shakespeare wrote the play. A boy who played Juliet at the start of his career might well have found himself beneath the balcony a few years later. Cross-casting of gender roles has never really left the stage – from pantomime to Deborah Warner’s
productions with Fiona Shaw – experimental, perhaps, but hardly wildly so.
Richard Crowest Ashford, Kent
independent.co.uk, 2013
Tekst 12 Gender roles
1p 42 What does Richard Crowest say about Guy Keleny?
He criticises him for
A claiming that modern audiences are not interested in historic plays.
B failing to appreciate one of the most talented playwrights ever. C praising a theatre production that clearly was very disappointing.
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Lees bij de volgende tekst eerst de vraag voordat je de tekst zelf raadpleegt.
Tekst 13
Honey Money
Honey Money: The Power of Erotic Capital, by Catherine Hakim, Allen Lane,
RRP£20, 384 pages
Review by Lucy Kellaway
Do good-looking people fare better in the workplace?
If You’ve Got It, Flaunt It
If you haven’t got it, go to the gym, get a better hairdo, plaster on a smile and then you will be able to flaunt it a bit too. This is the gist of Honey Money: The Power of
Erotic Capital by Catherine Hakim, a
research fellow at the London School of Economics. She argues that good-looking people do better and she calls on all women to use their erotic power against men, as a way of getting what they want – both at home and at work.
Erotic Capital
Hakim has clothed this bald thesis in the language of economics and sociology, coining the term “erotic capital” to cover a ragbag of attributes including beauty, sex appeal, dress sense, charm and fitness. Building on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, a French sociologist, she argues that
Engels havo 2015-I
Beauty in the Boardroom?
Hakim has assembled a good deal of evidence to show what we know already: that life tends to be easier and more rewarding for the beautiful. But far from saying that this is unfair, she argues it is just as it should be: the attractive are nicer to be with, get on with people better and are, therefore, more productive. Some of the research is surprising. She quotes studies showing that handsome men are paid more, whereas you only need to look inside any large Anglo-Saxon corporation to see boardrooms stuffed with plain men. She also fails to
investigate whether the relationship between looks and success runs in a straight line. I suspect that for women, erotic capital is a professional advantage only up to a point. Women who are fairly easy on the eye do well at work, but those who are outstandingly beautiful are penalised; distrusted by women and feared by men.
Rehash
Honey Money is an expanded version of a powerful article that Hakim wrote for
Prospect magazine in 2010 and has lost as well as gained by being inflated to almost 400 pages. Nearly every point is made at least twice and some half a dozen times; even examples that seemed thin first time – such as the fact that Kate Moss and Katie Price make money from their erotic capital – are given a second airing later.
Looking Good
Reading the book from cover to cover leaves one with the feeling of having been clubbed repeatedly over the head. However, the experience isn’t entirely
unenjoyable, nor is it without purpose. Hakim is quite right on one central point: women in the UK and the US are not brought up to make the best of themselves, as French women are. We are taught that beauty is the poor cousin of brains; we are hung up about flaunting it. This book, for all the repetition, annoying jargon and sloppy reasoning, makes one see things differently. Sitting on the Tube having just finished it, I stared at all the frumpy English women and thought what a shame it was that so few of them were making anything of their erotic capital.
ft.com, 2011
Lees bij de volgende opgave eerst de vraag voordat je de bijbehorende tekst raadpleegt.
Tekst 13 Honey money
“If You’ve Got It, Flaunt It” (kopje boven de eerste alinea)
1p 43 Vindt de schrijfster van deze recensie dat de vrouwen om haar heen dit
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