University of Groningen
The role of visual adaptation in cichlid fish speciation
Wright, Daniel Shane
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Publication date: 2019
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Wright, D. S. (2019). The role of visual adaptation in cichlid fish speciation. University of Groningen.
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The role of visual adaptation
in cichlid fish speciation
This research in this thesis was carried out in the Evolutionary Genetics, Behaviour, and Development (EGDB) group at the Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research.
Cover design & layout by: Daniel Shane Wright
Printed by: ProefschriftMaken || www.proefschriftmaken.nl ISBN: 978-94-034-1539-0
The role of visual adaptation in
cichlid fish speciation
PhD thesis
to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen
on the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. E. Sterken
and in accordance with the decision by the College of Deans. This thesis will be defended in public on
Friday 29 March, 2019 at 12.45 hours
by
Daniel Shane Wright
born on 20 November, 1985 in Virginia, USA
Supervisors
Prof. M.E. Maan Prof. A.G.G. Groothuis
Assessment Committee
Prof. F.J. Weissing Prof. R.C. Fuller Prof. M.E. Ritchie
T
ABLE OFC
ONTENTSCHAPTER 1 ...9
GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...9
Speciation via sexual selection ... 10
Ecological speciation ... 11
Sensory drive ... 11
Lake Victoria cichlids... 12
Pundamilia ... 13
Thesis overview ... 15
CHAPTER 2 ... 17
DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS OF VISUAL ENVIRONMENT ON SPECIES-ASSORTATIVE MATING PREFERENCES IN LAKE VICTORIA CICHLID FISH ... 17
Abstract ... 18 Introduction ... 19 Methods ... 20 Behaviour Scoring ... 24 Statistical Analysis ... 24 Results ... 25 Discussion ... 28 Acknowledgements ... 32 Supplementary information ... 33 CHAPTER 3 ... 41
DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LIGHT ON MALE NUPTIAL COLORATION IN LAKE VICTORIA CICHLID FISH ... 41
Abstract ... 42 Introduction ... 43 Methods ... 45 Statistical analysis ... 47 Results ... 49 Discussion ... 54 Acknowledgements ... 57 Supplementary information ... 58 CHAPTER 4 ... 67
VISUAL PIGMENT EXPRESSION COVARIES WITH VISUAL ENVIRONMENT IN LAKE VICTORIA CICHLID FISH ... 67 Abstract ... 68 Introduction ... 69 Methods ... 71 Statistical analysis ... 75 Results ... 76 Discussion ... 82 Acknowledgements ... 85 Supplementary information ... 86
CHAPTER 5 ... 93
TESTING SENSORY DRIVE SPECIATION IN CICHLID FISH: LINKING LIGHT CONDITIONS TO OPSIN EXPRESSION, OPSIN GENOTYPE, AND FEMALE MATE PREFERENCE ... 93
Abstract ... 94 Introduction ... 95 Methods ... 97 Statistical analyses ... 99 Results ... 100 Discussion ... 107 Acknowledgements ... 111 Supplementary information ... 112 CHAPTER 6 ... 119
ENVIRONMENTAL LIGHT INFLUENCES FORAGING PERFORMANCE IN LAKE VICTORIA CICHLIDS... 119 Abstract ... 120 Introduction ... 121 Methods ... 123 Statistical Analysis ... 125 Results ... 126 Discussion ... 129 Acknowledgements ... 132 Supplementary information ... 134 CHAPTER 7 ... 139 SYNTHESIS ... 139
Developmental effects of environmental light on female preference ... 141
Developmental effects of the environmental light on male coloration ... 143
Visual pigment expression covaries with light environment in wild fish ... 143
Linking opsin expression, opsin genotype, and mate preference ... 144
Environmental light influences foraging performance ... 146
What is the role of visual adaptation in speciation? ... 148
REFERENCES ... 151
AUTHOR AFFILIATIONS ... 169
SUMMARY ... 171
NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING ... 177
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 183
“…if further, the eye ever varies and the variations be inherited, as is likewise certainly the case; and if such variations should be useful to any animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperable by our imagination, should not be considered as subversive of the theory.”
