The non-verbal clause in Qumran Hebrew Baasten, M.F.J.

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The non-verbal clause in Qumran Hebrew

Baasten, M.F.J.

Citation

Baasten, M. F. J. (2006, October 31). The non-verbal clause in Qumran Hebrew. Retrieved

from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4955

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Not Applicable (or Unknown)

License:

Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the

_{Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden}

Downloaded from:

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4955

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THE NON-VERBAL CLAUSE IN QUMRAN HEBREW

PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van

de graad van doctor aan de universiteit leiden, op gezag van de rector magnificus dr. d.d. breimer,

hoogleraar in de faculteit der wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen en die der geneeskunde, volgens besluit van het college voor promoties

te verdedigen op dinsdag 31 oktober 2006 klokke 15:00 uur

door

MARTINUS FERDINAND JOZEF BAASTEN

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PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotor: Prof. dr. H. Gzella Copromotor: Dr. W.Th. van Peursen

Referent: Prof. dr. J. Joosten (Université Marc Bloch, Straatsburg) Overige leden: Prof. dr. A. Griﬃths

Prof. dr. A.M. Lubotsky Prof. dr. H.J. Stroomer

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Q

uam ob rem angor iﬆe, qui pro amico sæpe capiendus eﬆ, non tantum valet, ut tollat e vita amicitiam, non plus quam ut virtutes, quia non nullas curas & moleﬆias adferunt, repudientur.

M. Tullius Cicero, Lælius sive De amicitia

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE xiii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 The Linguistic Nature of Qumran Hebrew 2 1.2 The Corpus and the Selection of its Material 8 1.3 The Non-Verbal Clause and its Linguistic

Nature 11 1.3.1 Clause, Sentence and Phrase 12

1.3.2 Predication: Verbal and Non-Verbal 13 1.3.3 The Non-Verbal Clause: An Acknowledged Clause

Type? 15 1.3.4 The Semantics of ‘To Be’ 17

1.3.5 The Morphological Categories of Non-Verbal

Predicates 20 1.3.6 Other Predicative Elements 22

1.3.7 One-Membered Clauses 25 1.4 Theoretical Approach 27 1.4.1 Three Levels of Linguistic Description 28 1.4.2 Extraposition 34 1.4.3 Focus, Cleft and Pseudo-Cleft Sentences 35 1.4.4 The Pronominal ‘Copula’ 38 1.4.5 Deﬁniteness and Determinedness 39 1.5 The Non-Verbal Clause and Comparative

Semitics 40

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1.5.2 South Arabian 43 a. Epigraphic South Arabian 43 b. Modern South Arabian 44 1.5.3 Ethio-Semitic 45

a. Ge‘ez 45

b. Tigrinya 49

c. Tigré 50

d. Amharic and Argobba 50 e. Other South Ethiopic Languages 52 1.5.4 Central Semitic 53 a. Classical and Modern Standard Arabic 53

b. Ugaritic 55

c. Phoenician and Punic 56

d. Modern Hebrew 57

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2.2 The ‘Tripartite’ Non-Verbal Clause in

Biblical Hebrew 95

2.2.1 Albrecht 95

2.2.2 S.R. Driver 97

2.2.3 Bendavid 99

2.2.4 The Formal Approach: Andersen, Sappan 100 2.2.5 Emphatic Theories: Geller and Muraoka 104 2.2.6 Information Structure: Zewi and Niccacci 109 2.2.7 The Functional-Transformational Approach: Buth,

Shimasaki 112

2.2.8 Blau 115

2.3 Previous Research on the Non-Verbal Clause

in Mishnaic Hebrew 116 2.4 Previous Research on the Non-Verbal Clause

in Qumran Hebrew 118

3. THE NON-VERBAL CLAUSE IN QUMRAN HEBREW 121 3.1 The Theoretical Approach 121 A. BIPARTITE NON-VERBAL CLAUSES 123 3.2 The Nominal Clause 123

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3.2.9 PPr–NPd 150

3.2.10 PPr–NPi 157

3.2.11 NPd–PPr 161

3.2.12 NPi–PPr 162

3.3 The Prepositional Clause 166

3.3.1 PP–NPd 166

3.3.2 PP–NPi 170

3.3.3 Excursus: The Copper Scroll 173

3.3.4 PP–DPr 175 3.3.5 PP–PPr 175 3.3.6 NPd–PP 177 3.3.7 NPi–PP 180 3.3.8 DPr–PP 184 3.3.9 PPr–PP 184 3.3.10 PP–PP 186

3.3.11 Clauses with Two Contrastive Constituents 187 3.3.12 Conclusions 189 3.4 The Non-Verbal Clause with Interrogative

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3.4.10 PP–Int 196 B. ‘TRIPARTITE’ NON-VERBAL CLAUSES 196

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C. EXISTENTIAL CLAUSES 212

3.10 Non-Verbal Clauses with

שי

212 3.11 Non-Verbal Clauses with

יא

214

3.11.1 (w)’yn NPi 214 3.11.2 w’yn NPi ADV 215 3.11.3 w’yn ADV NPi 217

3.11.4 w’yn ∅ ∅ 218 3.11.5 Preceding PPs 218

3.11.6 Preceding NPs 219 3.11.7 Unique Construction 219 3.12 Miscellaneous Remarks 220

3.12.1 Parallel Constructions with

יאו

and

יאל

220

3.12.2 Poetic Alternation

יא

/

א

(

)ו

ל

220 3.12.3 Adnominal Uses 221

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PREFACE

he research for the present dissertation was initially

carried out on the basis of a research fellowship granted by the Center of Non-Western Studies (presently Research School cnws), Leiden University, during the years 1993–1997. I am deeply grateful to this institution for having given me the opportunity to work in its building at the Nonnensteeg, a buzzing beehive of young scholars from all possible backgrounds.

It remains a rare privilege indeed to have studied for several years in an academic environment where during lunch the topic of conver-sation would usually range from Tibetan Buddhist concepts of the afterlife to the lienzo of Jucutácato, while at dinner the history of Tigrinya literature would be discussed, along with Ancient Egyptian basketry or the Bhāsa problem. And then in between, during the oc-casional coﬀee or tea break, new vistas could suddenly open on the Antichrist in Ah.med Bīcān’s Dürr-i Meknūn or the emergence of eth-nology as a scholarly discipline in eighteenth-century Europe.

Despite the fact that Leiden regulations prevent Ph.D. students from thanking those involved in the evaluation process of their dis-sertation, several people deserve to be mentioned here. First of all, I am grateful to my previous supervisor, Professor T. Muraoka, for his contribution to my development as a scholar. Furthermore, it is worth noting that Professors J. Hoftijzer, A.J. Drewes and D. van Arkel, as well as Dr. H.B.Th. Schot, have made a profound impression on me as teachers and human beings. Finally, without the constant support of my friend Sjef Laenen this book would not have been initiated, pur-sued or completed. I can do no better than dedicate the work to him.

martin f.j. baasten

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