The pots and potters of Assyria : technology and organization of
production, ceramics sequence and vessel function at Late Bronze Age Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria
Duistermaat, K.
Citation
Duistermaat, K. (2007, March 21). The pots and potters of Assyria : technology and
organization of production, ceramics sequence and vessel function at Late Bronze Age Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/11416
Version: Corrected Publisher’s Version
License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden
Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/11416
Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable).
Fig. V.1: Geological map of northern Syria (after Toloczyki and Trurnit 1998). Basalt outcrops are shown in dark purple. Because there are hardly any basalt outcrops in the Balikh catchment basin, it is unlikely that local clays will contain basalt particles. This is different for the Euphrates river, originating in the large basalt area north of the Balikh, and for the Khabur river where small basalt outcrops are visible. Ophiolite (in dark green) occurs only in the western coastal area around Ugarit, Antakya and west of Gaziantep. This is the area where the clay for the cooking pot P93-308 (sample J728 in fig. D.57) must have come from.
Fig. V.1: Geological map of northern Syria (after Toloczyki and Trurnit 1998). Basalt outcrops are shown in dark purple. Because there are hardly any basalt outcrops in the Balikh catchment basin, it is unlikely that local clays will contain basalt particles. This is different for the Euphrates river, originating in the large basalt area north of the Balikh, and for the Khabur river where small basalt outcrops are visible. Ophiolite (in dark green) occurs only in the western coastal area around Ugarit, Antakya and west of Gaziantep. This is the area where the clay for the cooking pot P93-308 (sample J728 in fig. D.57) must have come from.
Fig. V.2: Sketch plan of the level 6 pottery workshop.
N12 O12
O11 N11
O10 Level 6 workshops
N
drawings based on field top plans and daynotes, and partly on stratigraphy notes (where available) September 2005
L blocked door
big pot
oven
pit
Q
floor F 324.61 floor F
325.02
neolithic tell 324.48
neolithic tell 324.48
floor 324.45 324.74 322.55
fragment(s) of unfired pottery (on floor) fragment(s) of unfired pottery (in fill)
324.00
? 324.50 324.42
fragment(s) of overfired pottery or wasters (on floor) fragment(s) of overfired pottery or wasters (in fill)
324.48
K
H AD
M L
AB AA Y
Z
B E1 AC
X
AE E2 S
F G
A1 A2 room 1
room 2a
neolithic tell 324.29 potter's wheel basalt wheelbearing (top part)
324.43
324.58
floor 324.42-33
waster
neolithic tell 324.25
324.23
324.27 324.43
? 324.49
324.57
324.64 324.58
floor 324.35?
X
324.30
324.42
324.40 324.10
Z M
AH
R AC
BI
AR
AS AZ AI
AG CC
CG
CI
AQ BE - AK CM
324.09
neolithic tell 324.00
floor BH-BJ 324.29-15 floor
324.30 324.36
floor BT 324.10?
floor 324.27
324.51 324.50 324.46
324.65 324.79
324.48
324.17 324.22
324.31 324.54
324.59
room 3
J floor W
324.57
324.63
? 324.84
324.54 324.69
324.60 324.63
courtyard
324.20 324.19
?
? open area
room 2b
? J
J
H G
I
basalt donut shaped ring
ceramic slag fragments (in fill)
324.75 324.84 324.31
piece of bitumen
324.16
ceramic slag fragments (on floor)
room 4 room 6
324.29
room 5
this area is not excavated until the neolithic tell surface
AN
Y X
AD AB
Q
AA
surface 324.71
sherd pavement 324.95
K
M
G
? 324.88
325.18
W Q
Y
BC pot
bowl bowl (upside down)
jar
324.57 324.49
small stones small bottle with spout
bowl (lower elevations) posthole
posthole?
2 m
? ?
Fig. V.3: Suggestions for room functions in the level 6 workshop.
firing fuel storage?
space probably roofed unsure if space was roofed
N12 O12
O11 N11
O10 Level 6 workshops
N
drawings based on field top plans and daynotes, and partly on stratigraphy notes (where available) September 2005
L blocked door
big pot
oven
pit
Q
324.74 322.55
324.48
K
H AD
M L
AB AA Y
Z
B E1 AC
X
AE E2 S
F G
A1 A2 room 1
room 2a
324.23
X
Z M
AH
R AC
BI
AR
AS AZ AI
AG CC
CG
CI
AQ BE - AK
CM room 3
J courtyard
?
? open area
room 2b
? J
J
H G
I
room 4 room 6
324.29
room 5 AN
Y X
AD AB
Q
AA
K
M
G
325.18
W Q
BC
shaping drying storage drying
storage
shaping working living?
firing fuel storage?
drying
drying storage drying
storage
2 m
Fig. V.4: Overview of finds on the floor of room 1 in the level 6 pottery workshop in square O12.
The overfired warped jar P03-384 is in the middle of the image.
Fig. V.5: Overview of the level 6 pottery workshop in square N12. The re- mains of kiln L are just becoming visible north of the white arrow.Fig. V.6: Overview of the level 6 pottery workshop in square N11. The re- mains of kiln Q are just appearing under the white arrow.
Fig. V.7: Wedgeshaped clay objects, perhaps used in the kilns to stabilize the kiln load.
From left to right: O04-305 (unbaked, from the gutter in square O10), O03-105 (from the area south of kiln Q in square N11), O03-198 (from the fire chamber of the level 5 kiln AR in square L8), O03-63 (in the fill of
the Assyrian moat in square O12).
Fig V.8: basalt pottery wheel bearing S03-608, from room 1 in the level 6 workshop.
Fig. V.9: Two small baked bricks from room 1 in the level 6 workshop, perhaps used in
pottery production or as stabilizers in the kiln.
Fig. V.10: Rounded and abraded sherd used as a scrap- ing tool in pottery production. O03-120, from room 2a
in the level 6 workshop.
Reconstruction of a stick wheel using basalt wheel bearings
wheel head and fly wheel pivot
stick for turning
Kick wheel placed in a pit
Reconstruction of a kick wheel using basalt wheel bearings bench
fly wheel wheel head
axle
upper bearing
pivot Kick wheel or spindle wheel
potter's seat
potter's seat
Fig. V.11: Schematic drawings of different potters’
wheels. Top: a simple stick wheel, middle: a double or kick wheel with two bearings (left) and with coni- cal axle (right), bottom: a kick wheel constructed in a pit.
Fig. V.12: Reconstruction drawing of a potter working at a simple (stick) wheel, illustrating the way Sabi Abyad potters may have worked.
(adapted from Roux 1990, photo 4).
N13 M13
N12 N11 M11
Level 5 workshops
N
drawings based on field top plans and daynotes, and partly on stratigraphy notes (where available) September 2005
pot
? 325.23 326.08
325.82
325.88
326.03
326.18
tower
tower
AN
AF
AE courtyard 2 floor 326.15 room 1 floor 326.27 - 16
courtyard 3
room 4
fill and floor of level 5 not preserved room 5
floor 326.15
room 6 floor 326.05 - 15
room 7
"floor" ca. 325.86 room 8 floor 326.30 corridor 9
room 10
corridor 11
pit 325.07 AC/AI
X W
V X/Y/Z/BI AR
BJ J
M
W V
M
C AH
O P
I B
brick floor 326.37
T / U
jar jar
dense clayey soil without pottery dense clayey soil without pottery 1
3
4
5 6
7 7
8 9 9
9
10 10
piece of baked clay
floor 325.95
11
12
1 piece of animal horn 3 pottery model wheel 4 sherd tool / "loamer"
5 large piece of bone 6 fragment of a large tray 7 stone grinding tool 8 bead
9 "polishing" stone tool 10 clay jar stopper
11 clay sealing with seal impression 12 iron pin
unfired pottery sherds (on floorlevel) unfired pottery sherds (in roomfill) overfired and molten pottery fragments goblet
small bowl (rim diameter < 120 mm) bowl (rim diameter > 120 mm) pot type 225 ("grain measure") stone ring tool ("donut")
325.96 326.20
R
H
P re-used
jar base
many sherds and stones, grinders many sherds and stones, grinders
P93-311 2 m
Fig. V.13: Sketch plan of the Level 5 East workshop.
Fig. V.14: Suggestions for room functions in the Level 5 East workshop, including the use of the open area outside the fortress.
Level 5 workshops N
drawings based on field top plans and daynotes, and partly on stratigraphy notes (where available) September 2005
space probably roofed unsure if space was roofed
N13M13 N12 N11M11L11L12 pot
pit ?325.23 326.08325.82
325.83
325.88 326.03
326.18
?325.00
?325.00
H tower
tower AN
AF AE courtyard2floor326.15 room1floor326.27-16
courtyard3
room4fillandflooroflevel5notpreserved room5floor326.15
room6floor326.05-15
room7"floor"ca.325.86 room8floor326.30 corridor9
room10 corridor11
324.80 324.54 324.80
325.20324.98
324.10 O12
pitR O11
pit pitS pitJ pitBN
325.28
pit 325.07
XW
V X/Y/Z/BI
AR BJ J M
W
V
M
C AH
O P
I B brickfloor326.37 claystorage/preparation?shapingdryingfiringstoragerepairdiscard
storageoffiredvessels?living
storageoffiredvessels? claypreparation?shapingdrying?
tokilnHandtheouterareafiringclaypreparation? drying?
2 m
claypreparation?
Fig. V.15: Overview of the level 5 East workshop,
room 1 (left) and courtyard 2 (right) with the remains of kiln T/U.
Fig. V.16: Floor context in courtyard 2 of the level 5 East workshop. The remains of kiln T/U are visible in the back. Around it are large amounts of bowls, goblets and other vessels. At the bottom of the picture, frag-
ments of unbaked pottery vessels are concentrated.
Fig. V.17: A pottery jar base dug into the floor of courtyard 2 in the level 5 East workshop, near kiln T/U.
North is towards the right side of the picture.
M11 13-150: O96-119 re-used ring base
Fig. V.19: ring base O96-119, reused as a scraping tool.
From room 1 in the level 5 East workshop. Scale 1:4.
Fig. V.18: detail of the floor context in courtyard 2 of the level 5 East workshop. The corner of kiln T/U is visible in the left of the picture.
Fig. V.20: Sketch plan of the level 5 West pottery kiln location.
H/AE I
door blocked?
fragment(s) of unfired pottery (on floor) fragment(s) of unfired pottery (in fill)
326.03
326.63
Level 5 West
N
drawings based on field top plans and daynotes, and partly on stratigraphy notes (where available) October 2005
room 14
room 17 former
bathroom
H8 I8
H9 I9
2 m
bricks of walls completely burnt
AB C B
F
Fig. V.21: overview of room 14, with kiln H/AE in the back. Floor F and the grey ashy deposits on top of it are clearly visible in the eastern and southern section.
Fig. V.22: Sketch plan of the level 5 North pottery kiln locations.
NB: Kiln CJ/V and Kiln AR are not contemporary!
K8 L8
Kiln CJ/V
Kiln AR Level 5 North
N
drawings based on field top plans and daynotes, and partly on stratigraphy notes (where available) September 2006
2 m
Fig. V.23: Sketch plan of the level 4 pottery kiln location.
Fig. V.24: Overview of Tell Sabi Abyad, with kiln K in square J7 in the lower left of the picture.
wall D
Kiln K
J7 drawing based on field top plan 2 m N
January 2007
Fig. V.25: Examples of shapes locally produced at Tell Sabi Abyad. Line drawings at scale 1:10.
L8 40-128: P97-151 H8 27-209: P98-3
M9 34-193: P97-167
K12 29-58:P93-220
H8 13-84: P97-276 L11 55-115: P93-38
H8 13-67:P97-267
H7 5-11: P98-168oval rim
K13 13-71: P96-40 L12 29-129: P93-346
M9 34-202 : P97-162
H8 13-78: P97-301 M9 34-229: P97-193
gypsum and bitumen repairs of cracks and damages
H11 25-38: P96-532
H8 31-244: P98-170
scale 1:10 H8 13-147: P97-285
scale 1:10
K8 102-242: P97-234
L8 40-125: P97-158 scale 1:10
M9 34-217: P97-166 J10 21-65:1 M9 34-193: P97-160
H10 22-129: P96-571 K9 70-232: P93-296
M11 38-138: P96-159 M11 33-162: P96-357
K8 102-271: P97-249 H11 25-37: P96-242 H10 7-33: P96-175
H8 13-121: P97-273
Fig. V.26: Examples of shapes (probably) imported to Tell Sabi Abyad. Line drawings at scale 1:10.
K9 70-264: P93-294 L8 40-116: P97-99
green glaze inside and outsideglazed
K9 72-167: P93-308 K9 70-214: P93-203
burnished
H8 45-295: P98-57
H8 13-116: P97-281 K12 32-61: P93-446
gypsum plug with two holes in spout, traces of handle at the side
gypsum gypsum
L10 73-152: P97-186
L8 40-114: P97-182
H8 13-132: P97-278 burnished
L8 40-125: P97-157 M9 34-202: P97-191
H8 38-258:17 burnished
K13 4-37: P93-193
L8 34-126: P97-293
K8 102-226: P97-287
L12 29-121:7 body burnished vertically, lower body burnished horizontally L8 40-128: P97-185
M9 34-131: P97-195 burnished
Fig. V.27: Spiral direction of opening the clay on the inside of goblet P03-212 (also showing an S-shaped base crack), and string cutting on the base of bowl P03-219.
spiral direction in the documentation:
cw ccw
wheel direction traces on the inside of vessels (opening traces)
CCW
CW
traces on the outside when (string) cut (looking at bottom side of vessel or leftover)
traces on the outside when (string) cut (looking at top side of hump/leftover)
or traces of turning on vessel placed upside-down on the wheel (looking at the outside base)
CW CW CCW
CCW
Fig. V.29: rough scraping traces on the lower body and base of small jar P99-140, obliterating the spiral wheel
throwing traces.
Fig. V.28: a guide to reading the original wheel direction from spiral traces on the inside or outside of pottery vessels.
Fig. V.30: technology group A: throwing from the cone.
Fig. V.31: technology group A: throwing from the cone (goblets).
Fig. V.32: technology group B: throwing from one lump of clay.
Fig. V.33: technology group C: throwing large jars in two parts.
Fig. V.34: traces of shaping on the surface of a large jar.
Fig. V. 35: right: an extra layer of clay with many organic inclusions was added to the inside of a base of a large jar (O11 27-125:3) to cover the deep throwing ridges and make the base thickness more even. Also, the clay used for this vessel was not very well kneaded, as is shown by the air bubble in the vessel wall. The line
drawing (scale 1:4) of large jar base H8 28-221:1 shows a large air bubble as well.
H8 28-224:1
Fig. V.36: different ways to finish a base. Fig. V.37: shaping a pot stand from one piece of clay.
Fig. V.38: technology group E: handmade shapes. In slab building, the upper part of the previous slab is often pinched to provide a better attachment of the subsequent slab.
H813-127:3 attachmentofslabsvisible H829-220:3 separatecoilofrimvisible top1070-59:2 Fig. V.39: technology group E: handmade shapes. Examples of sherds in which the attachment of slabs or rims could be clearly seen in the fracture. Line drawings scale 1:4.
K1040-80:11 diameterunknown tracesofslabbuilding
Fig. V.40: technology group E: handmade shapes. The attachment of the rim.
Fig. V.41: technology group E: handmade shapes. The separate attachment of the rim is clearly visible in this fracture.
Fig. V.42: technology group D: thrown closed.
Fig. V.43: unfired pottery fragments: bowls.
O04-303
O04-360
O93-206:5 M12 10-17 O93-207:2
M12 10-17
O93-207:3 M12 10-17 diameter unsure
O96-224 M11 38-157
O96-225 M11 38-157 O97-406c
H8 16-59
O97-408 H8 16-184
O97-411:b H8 16-185
P03-211:1
scratches and holes through wall
P03-211:3
SN96-130 diameter unknown
N11 21-47: O03-65
O96-226 M11 33-158
O96-230:1 M11 33-163
O96-230:2 M11 33-163
O98-6:5 H8 27-213 diameter unsure O98-44:5
H8 34-253
P03-214:2
a b c d e
f g h
i j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q r
s t
figure no. level square locus lot no. ware group surface special tr. rim diameter base diameter rim type base type remarks
V.43.a 5 M12 10 017 O93-207:2 I 2 5 90 111
V.43.b 5 M12 10 017 O93-207:3 I 2 5 ? 111
V.43.c 5 H8 16 184 O97-408 I 2 9 90 29 111 ? s-shaped base crack. Bowl is not properly cut off the cone, leaving a pedestal-shaped base part.
V.43.d 5 H8 16 185 O97-411b I 2 0 90 111
V.43.e 5 M12 10 017 O93-206:5 I 2 0 90 111
V.43.f 5 H8 16 059 O97-406c I 2 0 130 35 111 731
V.43.g O10 21 066 O04-303 I 2 0 200 111
V.43.h 6 N12 30 079 P03-211:3 I 2 0 190 111
V.43.i O10 41 079 O04-360 I 2 0 180 111
V.43.j 5 M11 38 157 O96-224 I 2 0 270 111
V.43.k 5 M10 13 064 SN96-130 I 2 0 ? 111 this rim and fragments of other vessels from the same lot were analysed, see Appendix D.
V.43.l 6 N12 30 079 P03-211:1 I 2 0 300 113 scratches and holes in the wall
V.43.m 6 N12 21 047 O03-65 I 2 0 240 132 rim on one spot pressed together and damaged.
V.43.n 5 M11 38 157 O96-225 I 2 0 260 131
V.43.o 5 M11 33 158 O96-226 I 2 0 290 ? 131 731 V.43.p 5 M11 33 163 O96-230:1 I 2 0 280 131
V.43.q M11 534 629 P03-214:2 I 2 0 270 131
V.43.r 5 H8 27 213 O98-6:5 I 2 0 ? 131
V.43.s 4/5 H8 34 253 O98-44:5 I 2 0 350 143 V.43.t 5 M11 33 163 O96-230:2 I 2 0 300 131
Scale 1:4
O03-225
O04-404 O93-206:1 M12 10-17 O93-206:2 M12 10-17 O93-206:3
M12 10-17 O93-206:4 M12 10-17
O97-410 H8 16-186 O97-411:d H8 16-185
P03-211:5 diameter unknown
O98-14:1 H8 27-228
N11 25-65: O03-93
O03-144
O98-4:2 H8 27-211
O98-44:1 H8 34-253
P03-211:2 P03-211:4
P03-214:1 diameter unknown
a hole cut out of wall, like a window P03-386
Fig. V.44: unfired pottery fragments: deep bowls, pots, jars, goblets, strainer, handmade shapes and body fragments.
a
b
c d e
f g
h
i j k
l
m n
o p q
r s t
figure no. level square locus lot no. ware group surface special tr. rim diameter base diameter rim type base type remarks
V.44.a 5 H8 27 228 O98-14:1 I 2 0 >400 145 decorated: incised wavy line and applique rope band.
V.44.b 5 H8 27 211 O98-4:2 I 2 0 120 141
V.44.c N11 42 126 O03-225 I 2 0 280 142
V.44.d 6 N12 30 079 P03-211:2 I 4 0 190 212 decorated: incised horizontal line. Burnished.
V.44.e 6 N12 30 079 P03-211:4 I 2 0 80 315 very fine organic inclusions.
V.44.f N11 25 065 O03-93 I 2 0 130 322
V.44.g G7 57 167 O03-144 I 2 0 140 323
V.44.h 4/5 H8 34 253 O98-44:1 I 2 0 160 322
V.44.i 6 O12 57 171 P03-386a I 3 0 ? ? fragment of a square, hand made bin with thick rim. Inside scraped with a hard gritty object.
V.44.j 6 O12 57 171 P03-386b I 3 0 ? ? fragment of a square, hand made bin with thick rim.
V.44.k 6 O12 57 171 P03-386c I 3 0 ? ? fragment of a square, hand made bin with thick rim.
V.44.l 5 M12 10 017 O93-206:4 B 2 0 80 421
V.44.m 5 M12 10 017 O93-206:3 B 2 0 60 411
V.44.n O11 30 159 O04-404 B 2 0 95 421
V.44.o 5 M12 10 017 O93-206:1 C 2 5 70 421 unfired fragments sticking together and deformed.
V.44.p 5 M12 10 017 O93-206:2 C 2 0 80 421
V.44.q 5 H8 16 186 O97-410 B 2 0 80 20 421 712
V.44.r 5 H8 16 185 O97-411d I 2 0 120 511 diameter of holes is 8 mm.
V.44.s 6 N12 30 079 P03-211:5 B 2 0 decorated: incised horizontal line. Body sherd.
V.44.t 5 M11 534 629 P03-214:1 I 2 9 body sherd. A hole cut out of the wall, like a window.
Scale 1:4
O04-362
O92-140 O97-207:1
M12 10-17
O93-208 M12 10-17
O96-227 M11 33-158 O97-405
H8 16-59
O97-409 H8 16-184
O98-6:1 H8 27-213 O98-9:1
H8 27-226
O98-9:2 H8 27-226
O98-44:3 H8 34-253
O93-205:1 M12 10-17 O93-205:3 M12 10-17
O97-400 H8 16-59
string cuts on both sides O97-404
H8 16-59
string cuts on both sides O97-414
H8 16-184
string cuts on both sides
O98-4:4 O98-13:9
O98-13:10 O99-305
N10 8-29
P98-116 H8 42-291
fingerprint
Fig. V.45: unfired pottery fragments: bases.
Fig. V.46: unfired pottery fragments: leftovers from the shaping process.
a b c d
e f g h
i j k
figure no. level square locus lot no. ware group surface special tr. base diameter base type remarks
V.45.a 5 M12 10 017 O97-207:1 B 2 5 16 712 base deformed.
V.45.b 5 M11 33 158 O96-227 I 2 0 80 731
V.45.c O10 41 078 O04-362 I 2 0 85 741
V.45.d 5 H8 16 184 O97-409 I 2 0 38 731
V.45.e 5 H8 16 059 O97-405 I 2 0 49 ? pedestal base?
V.45.f 5 H8 27 226 O98-9:1 I 2 0 90 741
V.45.g 7 L11 20 024 O92-140 I 2 0 83 741 surface is damaged and eroded, perhaps intrusive?
V.45.h 4/5 H8 34 253 O98-44:3 I 2 0 70 741
V.45.i 5 M12 10 017 O93-208 I 2 0 110 741 unusual ring base.
V.45.j 5 H8 27 226 O98-9:2 I 2 0 90 741 inside damaged by a sharp object.
V.45.k 5 H8 27 213 O98-6:1 I 2 0 120 741 many organic inclusions.
a b
c d e f
g
h i j k
figure no. level square locus lot no. ware group diameter remarks
V.46.a 5 H8 42 291 P98-116 I 170 carinated bowl type 111 with part of the cone attached. String cut traces on the base of the cone.
V.46.b N11 25 072 O03-104 I part of a cone. Base is rough and flat and covered in a thin whitish layer. Top is broken. Sides show faint spiral striations from a circular movement.
V.46.c 6 N10 8 029 O99-305 I 30 string cuts on both sides. Top shows incision of a sharp object.
V.46.d 5 H8 16 184 O97-414 I 37 string cuts on both sides V.46.e 5 H8 16 059 O97-404 I 35 string cuts on both sides V.46.f 5 H8 16 059 O97-400 I 37 string cuts on both sides V.46.g 5 M12 10 017 O93-205:1 B 33 string cut traces V.46.h 5 M12 10 017 O93-205:3 I 44 string cut traces
V.46.i 5 H8 27 225 O98-13:10 B 35 goblet base with unfished nipple base V.46.j 5 H8 27 225 O98-13:9 B 29 goblet base with unfished nipple base V.46.k 5 H8 27 211 O98-4:4 B 32 goblet base with unfished nipple base
Scale 1:4
Fig. V.47: unfired pottery in the level 5 workshop, square M11, just north of kiln AC/AI. The fragments on the right belong to bowl O96-226 on fig. V.43.o.
Fig. V.48: discs left over from pottery production. On the left: O04-398a and b; on the right: O01-59, O01- 54, O03-185 and O03-170. The spiral cutting traces are clearly visible. The top two discs on the right show
clear marks from cutting with a sharp object along the top edge.
Fig. V.49: unfired carinated bowl P98-116 with the last bit of the cone still attached.
Fig. V.50: unfired clay cylinder O03-104.
Fig. V.51: smooth unfired clay cone O04-395. From square O11, level 6. Perhaps, these cones were used on the wheel head as a support, when goblets were put upside down back on the wheel to finish the base.
Fig. V.52: completely overfired and molten base fragments of a middle-sized carinated bowl.
Fig. V.53: large jar P03-285 (type 322) from the pottery workshop in level 6 (room 1, square O12 31-142).
The top of the jar and the rim are completely overfired and have collapsed (line drawing at scale 1:10)
O12 31-147: P03-285 collapsed overfired kiln waster
section A section B
B
A
I8 29-75 obj. 66
Fig. V.54: overfired and collapsed pot stand (I8 29-75 obj.66). Scale 1:4.
731 Fig. V.55: a selection of pottery from the pottery workshop in square M11 (level 5), including many cracked,
deformed and repaired vessels, as well as vessels containing gypsum paste used for the repair of cracks.
Fig. V.56: two deformed and cracked vessels from the pottery workshop in square M11 (level 5).
K9 34-29:1 drilled holes for repair
Reworked Rim K13 4-41: P93-246
Fig. V.57: holes drilled for repair in body sherd K9 34-29:1. Scale 1:4.
Fig. V.58: Strainer P93-246. The broken rim was smoothed so that the strainer could still be used. Scale 1:4.
Fig. V.59: bar graph showing the relative shares of each technology group in each level. A: throw- ing from the cone, B: throwing from one lump of clay, C: throwing from two pieces, D: throwing
closed, E: handmade.
Fig. V.60: graph showing the cumulative percentages of the first ten most popular rim types per level.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
cumulativepercentage
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
rank number
level 7
level 3 level 4 level 5 level 6
Fig. V.61: graph showing the CV values for rim diameters of selected bowl types per level, illustrating the increase or decrease of variation.
Fig. V.62: graph showing the CV values for rim diameters of selected jar types per level, illustrating the increase or decrease of variation.
Fig. V.63: graph showing the CV values for rim diameters of goblets and pot stands per level, illustrating the increase or decrease of variation.
level 7 level 6 level 5 level 4 level 3
CV (%)
type 111a type 111b type 111c type 131 6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
level 7 level 6 level 5 level 4 level 3
CV (%) 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
type 311a type 311b type 322
level 7 level 6 level 5 level 4 level 3
CV (%) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
type 411 type 421 type 611