Appendix 1: Social responsible gambling Recommendations made by Griffiths (2003) regarding social responsible online gambling, implemented by betting exchanges. Y = Recommendation implemented, ? = Unknown, N = Recommendation not implemented. Recommendatio

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Appendix 1: Social responsible gambling

Recommendations made by Griffiths (2003) regarding social responsible online gambling,

implemented by betting exchanges.

Y = Recommendation implemented, ? = Unknown, N = Recommendation not implemented.

Recommendation 1: Implement age checks

There needs to be a system built into debit and credit card transactions that proves an

effective check on age.

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?

Recommendation 2: Implement age verification checks

Any customer wishing to register should have their age verified before their application

is accepted. This procedure should be clearly displayed in the registration page, thus

ensuring that no one under age is able to access the member’s pages on the site, and

have the opportunity to set up an account.

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N

N*

N

Y

N

?

N

* age-verification is checked randomly

Recommendation 3: Restrict methods of payments

If age verification checks cannot be carried out on new customers, then methods of

payment should be restricted to credit cards only. All other forms of payment such as

debit cards, personal and bankers’ cheques, wire transfers, and postal orders are

available to individuals under the age of 18, and therefore could lead to underage online

gambling.

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N

-*

N

?

N

* since the “implement age verification check”-recommendation was implemented, this

recommendation can be dismissed.

Recommendation 4: Set credit limits

In addition to credit worthiness checks on account holders, limits should be placed on

how much they can commit. This can either be a financial limit per session or per day.

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Y

N

Y

N

?

N

Recommendation 5: Include options for self-exclusion

Customers should have the opportunity to self-exclude themselves from an Internet

gambling site. A system that enables them to do this should be in place, and clearly

explained. Any self-exclusion scheme should be easy to carry out, and run for at least 6

months.

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N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

N

?

N

Recommendation 6: Include references to controlled gambling

There should be references to the need to keep gambling under control (i.e., a risks of

the game message) that is a cautionary note rather than a health warning, and these

should be sited where they will be read.

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Recommendation 7: Include references to helping agencies / helplines

The homepage should carry the logo of the preferred social responsibility partner. This

notice should be accompanied with a link to the website of the preferred social

responsibility partner.

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Y

N*

Y

N

Y

N

Y

?

N

* a link was found, but turned out to be “dead”

Recommendation 8: Provide help information

A notice as to where a gambler who is concerned with their own, or someone else’s

gambling can get help should appear at least twice. Once prominently mentioned in the

text of the site, and alongside the menu box on the page where an online customer

transfers money into their gambling account.

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Y

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Y

N

?

N

Recommendation 9: Accreditation by external organization

Before launching a new product or developing an existing product one the company

should consult, commercially in confidence, with the lead body involved with the social

impact of gambling.

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Recommendation 10: Confirmation of bets/right to change mind

When a bet is placed there should be a confirmation message of the details of the bet

just placed, with the option to either confirm or decline the bet, giving the customer the

chance to change their mind.

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Y

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Y

Recommendation 11: Built-in pauses

All gambling opportunities, but especially the rapid and interactive games should have a

pause built in at predetermined intervals allowing the gambler to reflect on their desire

to continue or withdraw. This is particularly important for those who may find it more

difficult to stick to self-imposed limits.

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N

N*

N

?

N

* possible if requested by customer

Recommendation 12: No encouragement to re-gamble

Whilst it is good commercial practice to promote products and provide the customer

with information, there should be no encouragement to either re-invest winnings or

chase losses. Gamblers should not be enticed to play on, the decision must be their own.

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Y

Recommendation 13: Restrict “practice modes”

Any free practice mode that is offered to the customer must have an appropriate

message regarding responsible gambling. Access to practice modes should be prevented

for those under the legal age to gamble. Giving access to such simulators could

encourage someone underage to seek opportunities to gamble for real money.

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Appendix 2: Research: Availability of markets

2.1 World Championships Soccer

Market NA = Market Not Available, Market Avail. = Market Available

Offers NA = Offers Not Available, Offers Avail. = Offers Available

Time before event

Total number of

matches: 64 BETDAQ BETFAIR BETONBET BETSSON IBETX BOOKMAKER 729h Market NA, Offers NA 75% 25% 83% 25% 88% 25%

Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 0% 3% 11% 13% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 25% 75% 14% 64% 0% 75% 243h Market NA, Offers NA 75% 25% 75% 25% 75% 25% Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 25% 75% 25% 73% 25% 75% 81h Market NA, Offers NA 5% 5% 27% 9% 34% 5%

Market Avail., Offers NA 6% 0% 5% 0% 31% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 89% 95% 69% 91% 34% 95% 27h Market NA, Offers NA 2% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0%

Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 0% 0% 0% 22% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 100% 100% 100% 100% 78% 100% 1/3h Market NA, Offers NA 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

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Time before event

Total number of

matches: 64 PARBET TBETX BOOKMAKER 729h Market NA, Offers NA 31% 100% 25%

Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 0% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 69% 0% 75% 243h Market NA, Offers NA 25% 75% 25% Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 0% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 75% 25% 75% 81h Market NA, Offers NA 8% 22% 5%

Market Avail., Offers NA 6% 22% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 86% 56% 95% 27h Market NA, Offers NA 0% 0% 0%

Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 0% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 100% 100% 100% 1/3h Market NA, Offers NA 0% 0% 0%

Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 0% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 100% 100% 100%

2.2 European Championships Soccer U-21

Time before event

Total number of

matches: 15 BETDAQ BETFAIR BETONBET BETSSON PARBET BOOKMAKER 81h Market NA, Offers NA 33% 20% 100% 20% 100% 73%

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2.3 World Championships Ice Hockey

Time before event

Total number of

matches: 56 BETDAQ BETFAIR BETONBET BETSSON PARBET BOOKMAKER 81h Market NA, Offers NA 100% 79% 89% 46% 71% 86%

Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 7% 4% 30% 29% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 0% 14% 7% 23% 0% 14% 27h Market NA, Offers NA 71% 41% 68% 21% 29% 27% Market Avail., Offers NA 13% 7% 13% 9% 43% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 16% 52% 20% 70% 29% 73% 9h Market NA, Offers NA 34% 0% 27% 16% 13% 0%

Market Avail., Offers NA 5% 0% 4% 0% 2% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 95% 100% 89% 91% 95% 100%

2.4 World Championships Floorball

Time before event

Total number of

matches: 27 BETFAIR BETSSON BOOKMAKER 81h Market NA, Offers NA 100% 44% 85%

Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 44% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 0% 11% 15% 27h Market NA, Offers NA 100% 33% 81% Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 56% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 0% 11% 19% 9h Market NA, Offers NA 93% 30% 41% Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 48% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 7% 22% 59% 3h Market NA, Offers NA 89% 22% 7%

Market Avail., Offers NA 0% 0% na Market Avail., Offers Avail. 11% 78% 96% 1/3h Market NA, Offers NA 89% 22% 4%

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Appendix 3: Research: Volume of market

3.1 World Championships Soccer

Time before

event BETDAQ BETFAIR BETONBET BETSSON IBETX PARBET TBETX 729h € 1.089 € 1.418 € 0 € 19 € 0 € 684 € 0 243h € 2.584 € 12.026 € 11 € 127 € 51 € 1.712 € 430 81h € 6.933 € 133.331 € 78 € 438 € 166 € 3.348 € 871 27h € 18.731 € 510.865 € 1.888 € 2.385 € 14.274 € 7.514 € 3.788 9h € 40.540 € 1.460.036 € 4.723 € 8.715 € 38.726 € 12.946 € 13.104 3h € 72.576 € 3.197.888 € 11.067 € 15.532 € 52.195 € 22.230 € 19.478 1h € 104.336 € 5.155.955 € 16.627 € 20.820 € 58.307 € 27.298 € 28.853 1/3h € 144.748 € 7.937.246 € 25.223 € 28.747 € 62.905 € 37.608 € 38.922

3.2 European Championships Soccer U-21

Time before

event BETDAQ BETFAIR BETONBET BETSSON PARBET

81h € 0 € 13 € 0 € 0 € 0 27h € 8 € 1.273 € 36 € 12 € 0 9h € 1.896 € 26.462 € 239 € 82 € 33 3h € 3.110 € 89.931 € 273 € 404 € 107 1h € 4.489 € 135.565 € 394 € 629 € 153 1/3h € 6.515 € 198.838 € 465 € 851 € 176

3.3 World Championships Ice Hockey

Time before

event BETDAQ BETFAIR BETONBET BETSSON PARBET

81h € 0 € 40 € 0 € 2 € 0 27h € 48 € 437 € 1 € 106 € 45 9h € 95 € 3.632 € 13 € 489 € 233 3h € 193 € 11.870 € 55 € 1.299 € 1.107 1h € 284 € 20.452 € 106 € 1.900 € 1.476 1/3h € 332 € 27.842 € 183 € 2.490 € 1.820

3.4 World Championships Floorball

Time before

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Appendix 4: Research: Average overround

4.1 World Championships Soccer

Time before

event BETDAQ BETFAIR BETONBET BETSSON IBETX PARBET TBETX BOOKMAKER HIGH BOOKMAKER AVERAGE 729h 94,3% 92,2% 96,3% 91,4% na 90,1% na 95,7% 92,0% (0,5%) (0,8%) (0,2%) (1,0%) (na) (1,1%) (na) (0,1%) (0,0%) 243h 97,1% 96,8% 96,8% 92,4% 94,2% 90,6% 96,3% 95,0% 91,8% (0,1%) (0,3%) (0,1%) (0,9%) (0,9%) (1,1%) (0,2%) (0,1%) (0,0%) 81h 96,4% 97,7% 94,6% 93,1% 94,2% 93,0% 94,6% 95,4% 92,0% (0,3%) (0,1%) (1,0%) (0,8%) (2,8%) (1,1%) (1,1%) (0,1%) (0,0%) 27h 97,6% 97,9% 97,2% 97,1% 95,5% 97,3% 96,7% 95,8% 92,0% (0,1%) (0,0%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (1,7%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,0%) 9h 97,7% 97,9% 96,4% 97,0% 97,1% 97,1% 95,8% 95,7% 91,9% (0,1%) (0,0%) (0,5%) (0,2%) (0,7%) (0,1%) (0,7%) (0,1%) (0,0%) 3h 97,8% 97,8% 97,5% 97,5% 97,2% 97,3% 96,7% 96,0% 92,0% (0,0%) (0,0%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,8%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,0%) 1h 97,9% 97,9% 97,6% 97,6% 97,2% 97,4% 97,1% 96,2% 92,0% (0,0%) (0,0%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,8%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,0%) 1/3h 97,9% 98,0% 97,7% 98,0% 97,1% 97,4% 97,2% 96,4% 92,0% (0,0%) (0,0%) (0,0%) (0,0%) (0,8%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,1%) (0,0%)

4.2 European Championships Soccer U-21

Time before

event BETDAQ BETFAIR BETONBET BETSSON PARBET BOOKMAKER HIGH BOOKMAKER AVERAGE 81h na 57,0% na na na 90,1% 89,4%

(na) (7,1%) (na) (na) (na) (na) (na)

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4.3 World Championships Ice Hockey

Time before

event BETDAQ BETFAIR BETONBET BETSSON PARBET BOOKMAKER HIGH BOOKMAKER AVERAGE 81h na 86,8% 81,6% 82,1% na 92,1% 90,1%

(na) (2,1%) (na) (1,1%) (na) (0,2%) (0,1%)

27h 93,8% 82,6% 85,2% 86,4% 91,3% 92,7% 90,2% (0,7%) (3,2%) (2,0%) (1,0%) (1,1%) (0,1%) (0,1%) 9h 94,2% 93,6% 89,3% 93,9% 95,1% 92,9% 90,3% (0,3%) (0,8%) (1,4%) (0,8%) (0,2%) (0,1%) (0,1%) 3h 94,3% 97,0% 92,5% 96,1% 95,8% 92,9% 90,2% (0,7%) (0,1%) (0,9%) (0,3%) (0,2%) (0,1%) (0,0%) 1h 94,4% 97,1% 92,7% 96,4% 95,6% 93,1% 90,2% (0,6%) (0,1%) (0,9%) (0,3%) (0,3%) (0,1%) (0,1%) 1/3h 94,4% 97,4% 92,9% 96,4% 95,8% 93,1% 90,2% (0,5%) (0,1%) (0,9%) (0,3%) (0,3%) (0,1%) (0,1%)

4.4 World Championships Floorball

Time before

event BETFAIR BETSSON BOOKMAKER HIGH BOOKMAKER AVERAGE 81h na 76,8% 90,8% 90,8%

(na) (na) (na) (na)

27h na 78,8% 90,8% 90,5%

(na) (na) (na) (na)

9h 87,7% 83,7% 90,3% 90,0% (na) (1,6%) (0,2%) (0,2%) 3h 85,3% 89,7% 90,5% 89,9% (na) (1,3%) (0,3%) (0,2%) 1h 89,1% 91,4% 90,6% 89,9% (na) (1,0%) (0,2%) (0,1%) 1/3h 91,4% 92,5% 90,7% 89,9% (na) (0,7%) (0,2%) (0,1%)

Return percentage is based on average measured payout, and corrected for commissions;

Standard error (SEM) is shown in brackets;