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The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/50492 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation

Author: Wagenaar, Jelmer J.T.

Title: Magnetic resonance force microscopy for condensed matter

Issue Date: 2017-07-05

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J E L M E R J . T. W A G E N A A R

M A G N E T I C R E S O N A N C E F O R C E M I C R O S C O P Y F O R

C O N D E N S E D M AT T E R

C A S I M I R R E S E A R C H S C H O O L

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Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy for Condensed Matter

PROEFSCHRIFT

t e r v e r k r i j g i n g va n

d e g r a a d va nDoctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, o p g e z ag va nRector Magnificus prof. mr. C. J. J. M. Stolker,

v o l g e n s b e s l u i t va n h e tCollege voor Promoties t e v e r d e d i g e n o p w o e n s dag 5 j u l i 2 0 1 7

k l o k k e 1 5.00 uur

d o o r

Jelmer Jan Theun Wagenaar

g e b o r e n t eMiddelharnis i n 1 9 9 0

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Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. T. H. Oosterkamp

Promotiecommissie: Prof. dr. P. Carretta (University of Pavia, Italië)

Prof. dr. P. C. Hammel (Ohio State University, Columbus, USA) Prof. dr. J. Aarts

Dr. L. Bossoni Prof. dr. E. R. Eliel

Prof. dr. J. M. van Ruitenbeek Prof. dr. J. Zaanen

Casimir PhD series 2017-16 ISBN 978-90-8593-300-7

An electronic version of this thesis can be found at openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

The work described in this thesis was performed at the Huygens - Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden.

This research is funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).

The cover shows an artistic impression of our team, consisting of both scientists and technicians, working together in the spirit of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes.

Designed by CAVUMscriptorium, www.CAVUMscriptorium.com

Copyright © 2017 Jelmer J. T. Wagenaar Printed by: Gildeprint - Enschede

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Contents

1 Introduction 11

2 Experimental setup 21

3 A resonator magnetically coupled to a semi-classical spin 41 4 Nuclear magnetic resonance in high magnetic field gradients 53 5 Probing the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time at the nanoscale 67 6 Mechanical generation of radio-frequency fields in nuclear magnetic

resonance force microscopy 83

7 Spin-mediated dissipation and frequency shifts of a cantilever at

millikelvin temperatures 99

8 Opportunities for MRFM 111

Bibliography 125

Nomenclature 141

Samenvatting 143

Curriculum Vitae 151

Publications 153

Acknowledgments 157

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Dedicated to Marijke

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